A history of Dunster and of the families of Mohun & Luttrell

A HISTORY OF

D UNST ER

A HISTORY OF

D U N ST E R

AND OF THE FAMILIES OF
MOHUN ^ LUTTRELL

BY

SIR H.C.MAXWELL LYTE,K.C.B.

Deputy Keeper of the Records.

PART II

I L L us T RA TED

LONDON
THE ST. CATHERINE PRESS LTD

8 YORK BUILDINGS, ADELPHI
1909

t^

CHAPTER X.

The topography of Dunster,

The station of the Great Western Railway bearing
the name of ' Dunster ' is actually in the parish of
Carhampton. A little to the south of it stands Marsh
Bridge, formerly of some importance as situate on the
road between the Haven, or sea-port, of Dunster and
the town. It was reckoned to be in Dunster, and in
the middle ages the commonalty of that borough was
responsible for its maintenance. ^ Higher Marsh,
now a farmhouse close by, seems to occupy the site
of Marsh Place, the cradle of the Stewkleys, who
eventually became rich and migrated to Hinton
Ampner in Hampshire. Further south are several
scattered houses, dignified collectively by the name
of Marsh Street.

There were formerly two public approaches to the
town of Dunster from the north. One of these,
known in the fourteenth century as Brook Lane,
diverged from the highroad between Carhampton and
Minehead at the western end of Loxhole Bridge,
formerly Brooklanefoot Bridge, which spans the river
that there divides the parishes of Carhampton and
Dunster. ^ The other, skirting round the eastern
side of Conigar, was a southern continuation of Marsh
Street, and was anciently known as St. Thomas's Street,

' D.C.M. XII. 4. Wills, vol. iii. p. 195.

* D.C.M. I. 4 ; Somerset Medieval

■■>..■.

330 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

from a chapel on the north side of it, dedicated to
that saint. ^ After the disappearance of the chapel,
the street gradually acquired a new name. In 1735,
Dr. Poole was fined 6s. %d. by the court of the
borough " for causing cobb to be made in the street
called Rattle Row, otherwise called St. Thomas's
Street, in the common highway leading from Dunster
town's end to Minehead. " Brook Lane and Rattle
Row were alike superseded, soon after 1830, by a
broader and easier ascent to the town, about midway
between them. The course of the former is still
marked by a right of way for pedestrians ; the latter
is closed.

Near the place where the two roads from the north
converged stood of old ' le barrys, ' which was pre-
sumably one of the boundaries of the space available
for markets and fairs. In the reign of Henry the
Seventh, there is mention of ' le est baryer ' and ' le
west baryer. ' "" The rising ground to the right of
the former has for some time been known as ' the
Ball. ' In 1743, John Delbridge was presented at
the local court for making an encroachment on the
lady's waste, by building on a place called ' the Ball. '
Few street views in England have been more often
drawn, painted, and photographed than that from
this spot, with the Luttrell Arms Hotel on the left
and the Market-House on the right, backed by the
wooded Tor and the Castle.

The main street of Dunster running southward
from the Ball, has, in the course of centuries, borne
various names. In the reign of Henry the Third,
Reynold de Mohun styles it North Street (yicus del
Nord). ' In 1362 and 1432, it is called ' Chepyng-

' D.C.M. XII. 4 ; XIX. 4. ' See above, page 277.

» D.C.M. xui. I.

a

X

H

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 331

strete, ' rendered in Latin as ' Vicus Foralis. ' At a
later period, the old English name was supplanted by
an equivalent in the form of ' la Market Streete, '
which occurs in 1478. Eleven years later, it is called
* Eststrete. ^ In 1648, there is mention of ' the
markett streete of Dunster called the High Streete.' ^
Savage, in 1830, describes it as ' Fore Street. ' ^

A little to the south of the Ball stood the Corn
Cross, mentioned in 1705 as close to the Wheat
Market. To the east of it was a building known as
the Tub House. The whole site is now quite bare.

Nothing is known as to the exact date of the
erection of the octagonal Market-House which is one
of the most picturesque objects of the sort in England.
It may, however, be ascribed to George Luttrell, the
first of that name. The sellers of cloth or other
merchandise formerly stood under its shelter back to
back and carried on their business with purchasers
outside. One of the rafters still has a hole through
it made by a cannon-ball from the Castle during the
siege in the middle of the seventeenth century. The
roof must have been renewed after this, for the vane
bears the initials of the second George Luttrell, with
the date ' 1 647. '

Some shambles were erected in the Market Street
of Dunster in 1423, with timber from the Hanger
Park close by.* Various pictures and plans made in
the early part of the nineteenth century show that
they extended some distance southward from the
Market-House, thus dividing the street into two
parallel ways, the eastern much wider than the west-
ern. In the middle was the wooden building known
as the Town Hall. There is a record in 1426 of the

' D.C.M. VIII. 2. ' Hundred ofCarhauiptoii, p. 381

» D.C.M. XV. 30 * D.C.M. xi.'3.

332 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

cost of making a new pillory (collistrtgium) in the
market-place with timber brought from Marshwood. ^
A prison, or ' stockhowse, ' is mentioned in the seven-
teenth century. ^ Each trade had its own section of
the shambles, and the lord got rent from all. In the
seventeenth century, the rate for ' shops inclosed '
was much higher than that for ' standings ' occupied
by butchers, shoemakers and the like. ^ The old
Town Hall, the range of shops in the middle of the
street, and the open shambles were alike demolished
in 1825, when "a new and convenient market house,"
not remarkable for beauty, was erected by John Fownes
Luttrell on the eastern side of the street. * Some
medieval shambles may still be seen in the county of
Somerset at Shepton Mallet. ^

The first building on the left is the well-known
hostelry called the Luttrell Arms Hotels which appears
to occupy the site of three ancient houses. In 1443,
William Dodesham, son and heir of Ellen daughter
and heiress of Robert Homond, conveyed to Richard
Luttrell, esquire, two messuages on the east side of
the Market Street of Dunster, bounded on the south
by a house already belonging to the purchaser, on
the north by the road leading towards Marsh, and on
the east by the park of the lord of Dunster. The
property, which was in the hands of feoffees in 1467,
was, in 1499, conveyed to Sir Hugh Luttrell and
Margaret his wife in fee, and it thus became an in-
tegral part of the demesne of subsequent lords of
Dunster. *

The arched doorway, with quatrefoils in the span-

' D.C.M. XI. 3. 5 See the illustrations in Proceedings

* D.C.M. XV. 30. of the Somerset Archaeological Society^
» D.C.M. XI. 51. vol. liii.

* Sa\age's Hundred 0/ Carhamptou, « D.C.M. viii. 2.
p. 381.

IN THK LITTRELL ARMS HOTEL.

fx3^?teiS^

IN THE CASTLE.

OXKli.M.WlKI.S,
DKXSTKR.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER.

333

drels, and the northern wing may perhaps be assigned
to the early part of the sixteenth century. The
exterior of the latter is richly carved in oak, having
a double row of windows with panelling between
them, not unlike that of the principal screen in the
church. An open roof to the upper storey was until
a few years ago hidden by a plaster ceiling.

The porch-tower facing the street and part of the
adjoining fabric appear to have been built, or very
materially altered, between the years 1622 and 1629.

In one of the rooms on
the first floor, there is a
shield commemorating
the marriage of George
Luttrell of Dunster Castle
and his second wife, Sil-
vestra Capps. In another
room there is a remark-
able plaster overmantel
of the same period. An oval in the centre of it
is believed to represent Actaeon being devoured by
hounds. On either side stands a lady richly attired,
each, however, showing one leg quite bare from the
thigh downwards. Above, two lions carry shields of
the arms of England and France. A male figure
within a triangle between them may possibly be
intended to represent either the King of the day or
George Luttrell. The face is almost grotesque. An
overmantel at Dunster Castle, obviously by the same
hand, bears the date ' 1620,' and there is a third
example of his work at Marshwood.

The whole building has been an inn for a consider-
able period. In a valuation of the year 1651, it is
described as ' The Ship, ' and entered as worth 1 6/. a
year. At the beginning of 1736, a large new sign-

334 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

post made of timber and iron was set up in front
of the house and painted by Richard Phelps. The
keepers of some other inns and taverns in Dunster
may have regarded it as prejudicial to their interests.
The following occurs in the record of the borough
court held in October of that year ; —

" We present Philip Harrison for his base usage to the
lord of the manor for pulling down and destroying of the
sign and sign-post belonging to the house called the Ship
Inn in Dunster, being a very great imposition upon the lord
of the manor and cost and charge, for which we do amerce
the said Phihp Harrison 5/. "

The matter did not stop here, for, in 1739, the
receiver of Miss Margaret Luttrell's rents debited
himself with 11/. los, from William Hoyle and
Philip Harrison, " moneys recovered on a judgment,
for pulling down the sign of the Ship. "

Some greater misfortune afterwards befell the house,
for in 1777, "the ruins of the old .S/^/)) /i'z^ and garden, "
yielded no rent. In the autumn of that year, James
Stowey prepared " a plan and elevation for the Ship
Inn " at a charge of i/. lis. 6d. After the necessary
alterations, the premises became the Luttrell Arms
Hotels and advertisements for a suitable tenant were
issued in 1779. So conservative, however, were the
parochial authorities that they continued for ten years
to assess them under the name of the Ship Inn. The
landlord, John Mountstephen, of course called his
house by the name which it still bears. ^

Several houses in High Street retain traces of Eliza-
bethan work, although most of their exteriors have
been unfortunately modernized. At the bottom of
the street stood formerly the High Cross, called also
the Market Cross and, later, the Butter Cross. From

' Chadwick Healey's Hislory of part of West Somerset, p. 400.

.1' ITKI'l.L AU.MS ll()|i:i
nCNSTI-R.

TllK KNTRAXCi:.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 335

this point a direct continuation of High Street leads
steeply up to the Castle Bailey, while the main
thoroughfare turns sharply to the right.

The house next but one to the south-western end
of High Street once belonged to the Abbey of Cleeve
and was known as ' le Smyth ' ' The last house in
the street was known in the fifteenth century as ' le
Cornershoppe. ' After being rebuilt by William Snell
about 1 410, it came to be called ' the Cage House, '
presumably on account of its shape and wooden con-
struction. ' The ancient cellars remain, but all the
rest of it was rebuilt in the early part of the nineteenth
century by Dr. Abraham, who had bought the house
from John Fownes Luttrell. The house adjoining it
on the west, once belonging to the chantry of St.
Lawrence, was rebuilt at the same time. Opposite
to the Cage House was ' the Glasiar's House, ' men-
tioned under that name in 1647 and again 1684. ^

The thoroughfare turning westward between the
Cage House and the Glazier's House has borne dif-
ferent names. In 1367, it is called simply " the
street which leads from Market Street towards the
churchyard. " * So again in 1636, it is called " the
strete which leadeth from the Markett Crosse towards
the church of Dunster. " ^ It was, however, generally
known as ' New Street ' in the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries.*^ Conveyances of the years 1781, 1804,
and 1834, describe it 'Middle Street,' while the
parochial authorities of 1760 and 1782 called it
' Church Street, ' the name which it now bears.

On the north side of Church Street and separated
from the Corner Shop, or Cage House, by a tenement

> D.C.B. no. 44. ^ D.C.M. in. 12 ; xv. 38.

- D.C.M. I. 27 ; III. 12 ; VIII. 2 ; xiii. * D.C.B. no. 43.

2 ; XV. 37 ; Rentals of 1739 & 1777 ; ^ D.C.M. xv. 49.

Rate-book of 1774. « D.C.B. no. 91. D.C.M. passim.

336 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

formerly belonging to the Chantry of St. Lawrence
is a long and picturesque building with projecting
eaves partially covered with small slates. In 1346,
Hugh Pyrou (or Pero) of Oaktrow in Cutcombe ob-
tained royal licence to grant to the Abbot and Con-
vent of Cleeve in mortmain three messuages and a
yearly rent of i2d. in Dunster. ^ His benefaction
probably included the site of this building, which may
have been erected by the monks soon afterwards.
The finials of the two gables and a small original
window in the eastern wall seem to date from the
fourteenth century. In course of time the Abbot
and Convent acquired several houses in Dunster, in-
cluding the smithy already mentioned and a fulling
mill in the western part of the town. Their rent
therefrom amounted in 1535, to 4/. 71., out of which
they used to pay 4J-. to the Castle of Dunster, pre-
sumably the old rent of four burgages, and to dis-
tribute I js, in alms for the soul of Pyrou and others.^
At the dissolution of the monasteries, all their property
passed to the Crown, which consequently became
liable to the Luttrells for the rent of 4/.

In 1609, George Salter of the parish of St. Dunstan
in the West, London, gentleman, bought from the
King a great number of houses and lands in different
parts of England, including the houses in Dunster
that had belonged to Cleeve Abbey. ^ He seems to
have been either an agent for other persons, or a specu-
lator on his own account, for he soon split up his
purchase.^ Further subdivisions followed in the course
of the next few years, and it was not until 1620 that
Robert Quircke of Minehead, mariner, acquired the two
separate tenements in Dunster " commonly knowne

' Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1345- ^ Patent Roll, 7 Jac. I. parts 22, 34, 35.

'34S, p. 67. 1 Close Roll, 10 Jac. i. part 32.

' Valor Ecclcsiasticus, vol. i. p. 217.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 337

by the name or names of ' the Highe Howse or
Howses, ' " subject to a yearly rent of i/. to the
Crown. When sold again in 1683, it comprised four
several dwellings, but in 1703 there were only three
tenants. In 1781, it is described as " that dwelling
house called or known by the name of ' the High
House, ' lately converted into a malthouse, with a
kiln thereon for drying malt. " By 1 834, the maltster
has disappeared and a joiner had taken his place.
The building now comprises two dwellings not used
for trade. As late as 1804, it is described in a con-
veyance by its ancient and appropriate name of ' the
High House, ' but in 1769, and perhaps earlier, it
was commonly known as ' the old Nunnery. ' This
misnomer is thoroughly characteristic of the eighteenth
century, when the wildest theories about history and
antiquities found ready acceptance. There was never
any establishment of religious women at Dunster ; no
nunnery even owned a particle of land in the parish.

From the High House, Church Street proceeds
past a garden formerly belonging to the Priory to the
churchyard, at the south-eastern corner of which
there is a picturesque timbered cottage of the sixteenth
century, which also pertained to the monks. This is
described in 1588 as "the stone-healled howse, " a
fact of which the late Mr. Street was unaware, when
he covered the roof with tiles and rebuilt the chimneys
in a style suggestive of Sussex rather than Somerset. ^

In the southern wall of the churchyard there is a
large arched recess of the middle ages, the original
purpose of which has given rise to various conject-
ures. It was almost certainly a fountain, connected
with ' le cundyte ' in New Street which is mentioned
in the reign of Henry the Sixth. ^ In the seventeenth

> D.C.M. XIV, 26. » D.C.M. XI. 3 ; xviii. 3.

338 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

and eighteenth centuries, the ' bow ' in the wall of the
graveyard was let as a shop and yielded is. a year to
the churchwardens. It is now empty. Close to it
are some steps leading from the street to the south-
western corner of the churchyard and described as a
staircase {scald) in 1348.^

In front of the churchyard, the main road through
Dunster turns sharply to the south-west, and assumes
the name of West Street. It is mentioned by that
name in the thirteenth century, and it has borne it
ever since. The point at which it is intersected by
a road on either side was known in the seventeenth
century as Spear's Cross. In i486, there is mention
of " the cross opposite to the dwelling-house {man-
sionem) of William Sper, " doubtless identical with
"la crosse in la Westestrete " mentioned in 1413.^
Here there is a Wesleyan Chapel of 1878, which
does not harmonize with its picturesque surroundings.

The road on the left was formerly one of the prin-
cipal streets of Dunster, containing houses belonging
to different freeholders. From its position imme-
diately under the stronghold of the Mohuns and the
Luttrells it was called, in the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries, ' Castelbayly, ' ' le Castellebale, ' ' le Baley
Strete, ' or simply ' le Baleye. ' One branch of it
turned northward into Market Street, another south-
ward up the hill to the gate of the Castle. Eastward
it led to St. Benet's Well, to the Hanger Park, and to
the Barton, or home-farm, of the medieval lords of
Dunster. ^ In course of time, the Luttrells bought
out all the smaller proprietors in the street, and put
their own dependents into such houses as they did
not demolish. This process was completed by 1791,

' D.C.B. no. II. » D.C.B. no. 66.

* D.C.M. XI. 2 ; xni. I.

r'-^^-

'" tCT

A COTTAGK DOORWAY.

ST. GEORGK S STRKF.T,

dunsti:r.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 339

when the road is described as ' Castle Street. ' The
older name of ' Castle Bailey ' was in use as late as
1769. The road has no name at present and it has
long since ceased to be a public thoroughfare. Here
are the dairy, the stables, the coach-house, and the
farm-yard pertaining to the Castle above.

From the western end of the Castle Bailey there
is an ancient and hilly road to Alcombe and Mine-
head, the first section of which, in the town of
Dunster, is known as ' St. George's Street, ' because
it skirts the grave-yard of the church dedicated to
that Saint. It is mentioned by that name in 131 1.
Opposite to the churchyard are the schools, erected
in 1 87 1, from designs by Mr. St. Aubyn, at the cost
of the Revd. Thomas Fownes Luttrell, and now
let to the Somerset County Council. Behind them
is the cemetery enclosed in 1880, and behind that
again are some allotments. On the right of St.
George's Street was the former Priory Green, and
further up is Rockhead. ^ According to local
tradition, the shaft of a medieval cross, raised on
several steps, at Rockhead, was removed thither, in
1825, from the junction of High Street and Church
Street. It is accordingly marked in the Ordnance
Survey as the * Butter Cross. ' While the tradition
may be true enough with regard to the existing
remains, or part of them, a number of workmen
were employed by Henry Fownes Luttrell in 1776,
in " levelling the ground round the cross at Rockhead
and gravelling the road towards Conigar. "

Conduit Lane on the left of St. George's Street
leads steeply up the northern slope of Grabbist, past a
little medieval building that encloses the spring known
as St. Leonard's Well. This is mentioned, in 1375

' D C.B. no. 20.

340 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

as being ' under Grobbefast. " ^ The Benedictine
Prior of Dunster was formerly responsible for the
maintenance of the lane. ^ Pipes have been found in
the ground leading from it to the Priory, and thence
through the churchyard to the conduit in New Street
mentioned above.

The houses in West Street are for the most part
later in date than those in High Street. Taverns
and other buildings with distinctive signs were always
less numerous there. A little above the street on the
north stands the Cottage Hospital, established in 1867
for the reception of nine patients.

On the south of West Street a road skirting the
base of the Tor diverges towards the old grist-mills
mentioned in the previous chapter. Here the Wes-
leyans placed a small school in 1825, which was
rebuilt thirty years later. It is no longer used for its
original purpose. Three small houses close to it,
near the corner of West Street, were between 1696
and 1699, let to the overseers of the parish, to serve
as a workhouse. Several members of the Luttrell
family made bequests to the poor of Dunster, and the
accumulated capital remained for generations in the
hands of successive owners of the Castle, who paid
interest on it at varying rates. Curiously enough it
came to be known as ' the Luttrell and Eld Charity, '
Eld having been merely the Master in Chancery who
regulated the affairs of Margaret Luttrell the heiress.
In the middle of the eighteenth century, the little
workhouse was supposed to accommodate upwards
of thirty persons, besides the housekeeper. The cost
of maintaining the inmates was at that time is. td.
apiece by the week, besides their clothes. Heather
and turf for fuel came from the neighbouring hills.

' D.C.B. no 39. » D.C.M. XI. i.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 341

Some receipts came from the sale of yarn made by the
paupers. The workhouse seems to have been closed
in 1836.'

A second street diverging to the left of West Street
was formerly one of the main approaches to the town
of Dunster. It is described as ' la Waterstret ' in
1323, and as * Gallokystret ' in 1342, and it long
continued to bear these names indifferently. Neither
name was more authoritative than the other. Both
of them, especially the latter, occur frequently in
conveyances, court- rolls and other legal documents.
As late as the year 1800, there is a mention of
* Gallox Street otherwise called Water Street, ' but
by that time the name of Water Street had, in com-
mon parlance, become restricted to the northern part
of the thoroughfare and that of Gallocks Street to the
southern part beyond the river. ^ A footpath, no
longer public, connecting this street with the road to
the grist-mills was known, in the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries, as ' Colyerslane, ' or simply ' le
Lane. ' '

Carts going down Water Street can cross the water
formerly known as ' le Oldstreme ' at a ford, by the
side of which there is a picturesque medieval bridge
of two arches. In the middle of the fourteenth cent-
ury, this was known as ' Doddebrigge, ' but by the
time of Henry the Seventh it had acquired the name
of ' Gallockisbrigge, ' which it has since retained. *

A little beyond the bridge, close to the present
Park gate, and in the parish of Carhampton, was
Gallocks Cross, where four roads met. ^ That which
led westward to Frackford, on the way to Avill, is
described, in 1756, as ' Galloxwell Lane.' The spring

' D.C.B ; Overseers' accounts. ■• D.C.M. viii. 2 ; xv. 3, 39

» Rate-book, 1774. * D.C.M. xv. 6, 28.

^ D.C.M. VIII. 2 ; X. I.

342 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

from which it took its name is mentioned in the reign
of Henry the Seventh. ^ In 1708, Alexander Luttrell
demised to Caleb Spurrier, glazier, two other springs
near it, with a view to his laying leaden pipes there-
from to cisterns at the High Cross and the Corner
House in Dunster, and supplying seven hogsheads of
water weekly to the Priory. One of these springs
was called Heart's Well.

From Gallocks Cross a public road, dating from
the time of the Roman occupation of Britain, formerly
led upwards in a south-easterly direction, near Hoi way
House, the exact situation of which is now forgotten,
to the village of Carhampton. Since the creation of
the Deer Park, this has become a mere footpath. A
third road from Gallocks Cross went north-eastwards
by Avelham Corner, Henstey, Skibbercliff, and Gilt-
chapel close to the junction of Saltern Lane with the
present main road from Carhampton to Minehead.
The Prior of Dunster was responsible for the repair
of this road. ^

Gallockstreet, Gallocksbridge, Gallockscross, Gal-
lockswell, Gallocksclose, Gallocksdown, and Gallocks-
wood, alike take their names from the gallows per-
taining to the early lords of Dunster. Close to
Gallockscross is one of the entrances into the present
deer-park.

The area and the very situation of Dunster Park
have altered considerably in the course of centuries,
and some points connected with its history are obscure.
There can be no doubt, however, that it was always
of less account than Marshwood in the parish of
Carhampton, so long as the latter was maintained as
a park. It is described in 1279 as the "small park,*'
and in i 330 as the " Hanger," a name which it bore

' D.C.M. XV. 5. » D.C.M. VIII, 2 ; xviii, 6.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 343

until 1752 and possibly later. ^ Numerous documents
show that the Hanger Park was close to the back-yards
or gardens of the houses on the eastern side of the High
Street, separated from them by a wooden paling,
afterwards replaced by a stone wall. One acre of it
was occupied by a fishpond. ^

In 1355, Sir John de Mohun lodged a complaint
at Westminster that Philip of Luccombe, William
Everard, John Everard, Robert Everard, Hugh of
Durborough, Hugh of Crowdon, Thomas Denays
parson of Selworthy, Simon Waleys, and Robert late
parker of Minehead had carried away deer and young
sparrow-hawks from his parks at Dunster, Minehead,
and Marshwood, and hares, coneys, partridges and
pheasants from his free warrens at Carhampton and
Rodhuish, and assaulted Richard le Scolemaister, his
collector of the toll of Dunster Fair. ^

Eleven years later, when he seems to have been in
want of money, he demised to William Coule of
Dunster his closes called 'le Hangre' and 'Nyweperk'
in Carhampton for four years at the nominal rent of
a rose, in consideration, doubtless, of value received. *

During Lady de Mohun's long widowhood and
absence from Somerset, the park, the vineyard, the
orchard, and a garden called ' Puryhay ' in the park
were alike let. Sir Hugh Luttrell coming to live at
Dunster, took these different pieces of ground into
his own hands, together with the fishery in the little
river. ^ At his death in 1428, it was found that the
Hanger Park contained a hundred acres of pasture
and wood, worth 20s. a year beyond the feed of the
deer therein. Marshwood Park, comprising two

' Inq. post mortem, C. Edvv. I. file m. 24^.

22 (I) ; Edw. HI. file 22 (11). •• D.C.M. xvil. i.

■■' Mohun Cartulary. See p. 358. * D.C.M. x. i ; xi, i, 3 ; xvii 4 ;

* Patent Roll, 29 Edw. H I. part i, xviii. 2.

344 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

hundred and seventy acres was valued at double that
amount. Minehead Park comprised a hundred and
fifty acres. ^

Sir John Luttrell, son of Sir Hugh, granted the
office of parker of the Hanger to a certain Benedict
Tolose for life, with a yearly allowance of 40J-. out of
the issues of the borough of Dunster, and granted the
office of parker of Marshwood to a certain John Blaunche
upon exactly similar terms. ^ It was the parker of
the Hanger who used to kill coneys at the warren,
for consumption at the Castle, and for presentation
to the friends of the lord or lady. ^

At different dates there are mentions of the park
pale by Loxhole Bridge, the park-pale below Henstey,
and the pale between the park and Great Avel-
ham. Hence it appears that the medieval park of
Dunster comprised the sloping ground between the
town and the river, and the northern part of the level
ground beyond the river now known as ' the Lawn. '
Although Great Avelham on the south was afterwards
added to it, the total area in the middle of the sixteenth
century was only seventy-two acres. By that time
Marshwood Park had also been reduced to a hundred
acres, and Minehead Park had become agricultural
land. " On the other hand the Luttrells' park at East
Quantockshead had increased in importance.

In 1 65 1, 'Dunster Parke alias Dunster Hanger' was
valued at 120/. a year. ^ No record has been found
of the date at which it was converted into pasture and
meadow, but it is tolerably certain that there were
not any deer there in the first half of the eighteenth
century. A survey of the year 1746 shows that
* the Higher Park, ' reckoned as part of the demesne

' Inq. post mortem, 6 Hen. VI. no. 32. * See above page 160.

* Inq. post mortem, 9 Hen. VI. no. 51. * D.C.M. III. 12.

' D.C.M. XI. 3 ; XVIII. 3.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 345

of Dunster, was let to a certain John Hurford, and
that ' the two Lawns, ' reckoned as part of the
demesne of Carhampton, had recently been rented by
a certain John Heme. There is at Dunster Castle a
portrait of a man holding a fish, which is described
in an inventory of 178 1, as a " picture of Old Her-
ring. " Tradition had, however, misinterpreted the
pun intended by the painter. An inventory of 1744
calls it a " picture of Farmer Heme of Carhampton,
drawn by Mr. Laroon to the life. "^ The allusion is
to the fondness of a heron for fish.

In 1755, Henry Fownes Luttrell and his wife
determined " to bring the park home, " or in other
words to remove the deer from Marshwood to Dun-
ster. This involved the creation of a new park, and
an area was selected for it which did not include any
part of the medieval park, but lay entirely to the
south of it on higher ground. Various plots of free-
hold land had to be bought from their respective
owners ; leases had to be extinguished, with compen-
sation to the tenants; hedges had to be abolished; and
a continuous fence had to be made to enclose the
whole. Altogether the new park comprised three
hundred and forty-eight acres, many of which, cover-
ed with fern, whorts, and heather, had never been
brought into cultivation. They are all situated in the
parish of Carhampton. There is a detailed memor-
andum about the construction of a wooden fence along
certain portions of the boundary not otherwise safe-
guarded : —

" That part of the designed park that is to be paled is
6390 feet long and will take as under : —

"710 posts 7 J feet long, to be set 2 J feet into the ground,
9 feet distance from the middle of one post to the middle of

' Master Eld's Report in the suit Kymer v. Trevelyan, 1744.

346 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

the other, the top of the upper mortice to be one foot under
the top of the post, and the lower part of the under mortice
to be four feet under the top of the post.

" 1420 rails, 9 J feet long, the ends to be drove into the
mortice, one over the other, with the heart upwards.
4260 pales, 6 feet long ;
7100 ditto, 5 J feet long.

Set the sapey edge of one pale close to the harty edge of the
next, nail a long pale on each side every post and then two
short ones to one long one. Drive no more than two nails
to one pale. 22720 nails will naile on the pales if none be
lost. "

The transfer of the deer from Marshv^rood to Dun-
ster Park seems to have been effected in 1756 or the
following year. A direct route having been prepared
by cutting openings through intervening fences, a
great part of the population of the neighbourhood
turned out to drive the deer to pastures new^ and
prevent them from straying to the right or the left
on the way thither.

Many of the trees in the existing park were plant-
ed by Henry Fownes Luttrell, who had considerable
taste in such matters. Some of the oaks, however,
in the upper part of it are of very great antiquity,
possibly relics of the forest of Dunster mentioned in
the reign of Henry the Third.

Among the various memoranda made by George
Luttrell in the reigns of Elizabeth and James the
First, the following are of some topographical inter-
est : —

" The perambulacon of processyon in the weke caulyd
Processyon weke, or Gayn weeke, or Rogacon weke, of the
parysh of Dunster.

" The Monday in the Rogacon weke, the parysh going
[toward] Alcombe a gospell sayd by Skilaker by the west
part of the waye that lieth at the south part of Deneclose
where somtyeme was a crosse, and from thence to Alcombe

A COTTAGE DOORWAY,

WATER STREET,

DUNSTER.

CH. X. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 347

Crosse and there was accostomyd to be sayd a gospell, and
from thence to the Chapell of Alcombe and theare a gospell,
and from thence backwarde downe by the water to Yllycombe
to Pyne's howse and theare a gospell, and thear the parysh
were accostomed to have a drynkyng, and from thence to
Dene Lane, and so to Dunster Church.

" The Tewysdaye, upp St. George Strete and through Dene
Lane and thear torne west by the Pekyd or Threcorner close
along in the Marsh, and so over the Fresse to Dunster
Hawn, and so from thence over the felde to go to Salterne
Lane, and so by Gyltchapell alonge by the parck [pale]
under Henstye to a crosse by thollow elme, and from thence
leving Holwaye Howse and grounde which W. Hart now
holdyth uppon the left hande, and so to Gallockes Crosse,
and theare a gospell, and from thence over the stone brydge
through Gallockes Strete and over the tymber brydge, and
so home.

" The Wennysdaye, from the church through Westrete
over the sayd brydges through Gallockes Strete and by Jone
Fynnes dore west in the way to Fayer Oke, and from thence
to Avell and thear was accostomyd to be sayd servys in the
chapell of Mary Maddaleyne and thear was a drynkyng for
the parysh at Avell Howse, and then from thence the sayd
parysh went over the water to Hurlepole path and so to the
crosse that stoode by est [of Frajckford Howse, whear the
bowndes of the burugh of Dunster begann, [and so] home."

" The perambulacon of the processyon of the parysh
of Carhampton in the Rogacon weke as followith :

" The Monday, from the parysh church to the crosse in
the strete which stode uppon the strete and from that
southwarde to a howse or tenement nowe in tholdyng of
Lawrence Escott thear and from thence west along by Jeles
Dyes howse to Aller styele where was wont to be a crosse
and thear sayd a gospell, and from thence to Colstones
Crosse whear was sayd another gospell, and from thence to
Holwaye Howse now W. Harte's, and so to Holwaye
[Hollow] elme at Henstye fote and from thence to Henstye
hedd and thear another gospell, and so home.

" The Tewysdaie, from the church to the wester [thester]
church styele and from thence by Henry Lee's towards

348 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. x.

Webber's and so towards Brethren Crosse and thear a gospell,
and so upp by Hadley's howse and so towardes the parsonage
of Wythicomb by Sanhill grounde to Laurence Escotte's and
thear wont to be sayd a gospell, and thear was wont to be
som refresshing for the pryst, and from thence to Rodehuysh
by Chestershowse the wydo Doddrydg and to Georg Escot-
te's and thear a gospell sayde and thear they dranck, and so
to St. Barthemewe's Chapell whear they sayd a gospell, and
from thence to Harry DowUe's howes whear they sayd a
gospell, and dranck, and from thence to Poppers [Pyppers]
Crosse where also was sayd a gospell, and from thence
to Okehowse whear was sayd a gospell and drank, and so
to Harpers and a gospell and thear they drank, and from
thence they goo to a crosse that goyth to Lokesborowgh and
thear was sayd a gospell, and from thence to Everarde's
howse whear was wont to be sayd a gospell, but now they
goo without hys wawles homeward by Lawrence Escotte's,
Rogers howse and so to the Hundred Elme wher the Sherow
turne is kept, and from thence to the churche agayne.

"The Wennysdaye, westward along the towne to Dunster-
ward and at the fotewaye entry going to Hensty thear was
wont to be a crosse caulyd Emmys Crosse alias Lanhey
Crosse, and thear was sayd a gospell, and from thence by
Gyltchapell to the lorde's feelde gate and so along the waye
in the north part of the parck to Broklanefote over the
brydge thear and so along by Chapman's howse and the
wydow Hobbes [Holes] and so over Marsshbrydge to
Poynz' howse, and thear was sayd a gospell and was some
refresshing, and from thence to Marchwaye estward along
by all the Chesell and so to Marshwood and thear sayd a
gospell and wear also wont to be refresshed, and from
thence towards Shilves and to a crosse that was wont to
stande by est the styele that goyth into Rogers grounde
caulyd South C[arhamp]ton, and so home alonge the depe
waye to the churche. " ^

' D.C.M. V. 55. The words given a shorter version also, in the execrable
above within brackets are taken from hand of George Luttrell.

i^5^r==^3g^ P JL R K

MAP OF THE TOWN OF DUNSTER.

CHAPTER XI

DuNSTER Castle.

Domesday Book mentions only two castles in the
whole county of Somerset, that of the powerful Count
of Mortain at Montacute, and that of William de
Mohun at Dunster. Both were presumably strongly
fortified according to the system in vogue at the time
of the Norman Conquest. Much learning and in-
genuity have been expended in the endeavour to fix
the relative dates of the great mounds which charac-
terize so many English castles of early origin and the
massive stone structures that were erected upon them.
This interesting question has, however, very little
direct bearing upon the history of Dunster. On the
one hand, it is practically certain that the stronghold
of the first William de Mohun crowned the Tor,
a conical hill, whose summit, artificially levelled,
measures about thirty-five yards east and west by
about seventy north and south. On the other hand,
it is almost as certain that Dunster Castle never had
one great tower, quadrangular like that of Rochester,
or circular like that of Arundel. The defences were
mainly natural, the bare slopes of the hill being very
steep on all sides and almost precipitous in places.
In order, however to make the place more secure
against possible enemies, the upper part of the Tor
was, where necessary, scarped to a depth of about

350 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

eighty feet. Whatever may have been the material
employed in building the original castle on the sum-
mit, there was, neither in the eleventh century nor
in the later middle ages, any need of the very massive
construction used in castles more easy of attack.
Such few notices of the keep as have been found tend
to show that it comprised several buildings connected
by walls of moderate height.

If the account of Dunster Castle given by the
author of Gesta Stephani may be taken as correct, the
fabric subsisting in 1 1 3 8 had been created by the
second William de Mohun, and this is not at all
unlikely, in view of the undoubted fact that many
Norman castles of the previous century had been
made of wood. The walls and towers mentioned by
the chronicler must certainly have been built of stone.
His description, moreover, suggests that there was a
lower ward, which, indeed, would have been necessary
for the accommodation of the great number of men
and horses collected for warlike purposes by the then
lord of Dunster. ^ No traces of distinctively Norman
work now remain at the Castle, and although it
seems likely that the earliest masonry is to be found
at the north-eastern angle, where the walls are exceed-
ingly thick, no definite date can be assigned to it.

It was perhaps the second William de Mohun,
Earl of Somerset, who, in granting out various manors
to be held of him and his heirs on the ordinary terms
of feudal service, added a stipulation that the respective
tenants should, when required, assist in repairing the
walls of Dunster Castle. Reynold de Mohun the
Second, who lived in the reign of Henry the Third,
is specifically stated by the chronicler and eulogist of
the family, more than a century later, to have allowed

* See page 6 above.

GAIKWAY OF THK LOWER WAid),
nUNSTER CASTLE.

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 351

his tenants to compound for this service once for all
by a pecuniary fine, and to have applied the money
so received to new buildings in the Lower Ward. ^
Untrustworthy as this writer is often found, his
note on this particular subject proves to be correct.
While Reynold de Mohun is otherwise known to
have released three different military tenants from
their obligation to repair the walls of his stronghold,
architectural evidence points to the middle of the
thirteenth century as the period at which some exist-
ing parts of the Castle were built. To Reynold de
Mohun we may safely ascribe the old gateway of the
Lower Ward, which has plain chamfered jambs, and
a low stiff drop-arch. It shows no traces of any
former portcullis, and it can never have had a draw-
bridge. On either side is a semicircular mural tower,
containing on the ground floor a vaulted chamber
with the usual three loops for cross-bowmen. The
upper portions of both these towers have been long
since demolished.

About sixty-six feet to the west of the tower on
the right, and connected with it by the old curtain
wall, there are remains of a small semicircular tower,
the bottom of which was approximately level with
the first floor of the gateway, by reason of the slope
of the ground. How much further the curtain wall
formerly extended westward it is now impossible to
say.

There was certainly one other tower beyond,
long known as ' Dame Hawis's Tower, ' and clearly
identical with the ' Fleming Tower, ' to be mentioned

• ^^ Qui quidcmReginaldus fecit infer- necesseftierat, remisit concessionem ad

ioretn castrum de Duuster, et plnribus affirmandum custrtim, ut dictum est, et

tenentibiis snis qui ieniici unt per feodum hoc fecit pro iuferiori castro faciendo. "
militare et solebant tierncllitare in su- St. Georj^e's extracts from the Mohun

periori castro, affirmare et facere cum Chronicle.

352 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

below. Reynold de Mohun had married, as his first
wife, an heiress in Devonshire named Hawis le
Fleming, and this tower, which was a building of
some importance, may have been built with her
money. It probably stood at the western end of the
Lower Ward, overlooking the vale of Avill, not far
from the point at which the wall began to turn
southwards and upwards in order to join the older
wall of the Upper Ward.

The range of buildings erected by Reynold de
Mohun for his own occupation was at the opposite
end of the Lower Ward, on the left of the gateway.
Although placed by him on the edge of a precipice
almost overhanging the river, he saw fit to fortify its
southern front with two towers projecting from a
lofty wall, which varies in thickness from 4 ft. 8 in.
to 6 ft. Two small pointed windows of his time,
belonging to a closet, still remain. While the western
end of this pile was partially excavated out of the
native rock, there was at the eastern end a basement
on a lower level, the ground sloping steeply in that
direction. Amid all the changes that the fabric of
Dunster Castle has undergone in the Jacobean, the
Georgian, and the Victorian periods, the walls of
Reynold de Mohun can still be distinguished by their
great thickness.

In the agreement made between Reynold de Mohun
and the Benedictine monks, in 1254, with regard to
the massess to be said for the soul of his son John, a
sharp distinction is drawn between the * upper '
chapel of St. Stephen in Dunster Castle and the
' lower ' chapel of St. Lawrence in the Priory. The
former is known to have stood on the summit of the
Tor, within the original castle, while the latter was
an adjunct to the parochial church.

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 353

An ' extent ' of Dunster of the year 1266 gives a
clear though very brief description of the Castle. It
states that the Upper Ward comprised a hall vv^ith a
buttery, a pantry, a kitchen and a bakehouse to the
south of it, a fair chapel, a knights' hall, three towers
containing various rooms, and a prison. The hall is
described as having two 'posts,' two 'couples' and two
' pignons ' or pinnacles. The Lower Ward comprised
three towers, of which that known as ' the Fleming
Tower ' was a prison, and also a granary. The
gateway must evidently have been reckoned as one
' tower ' and the irregular pile at the end of the
Lower Ward must have been reckoned as another.
The cow-house and the stable, with accommodation
for a hundred beasts, the dovecot, and the dairy lay
outside the Castle, far below, near the river. ^

In 1284, when the heir of Dunster was under age,
an enquiry was held by royal authority as to the
repairs recently made to the Castle by John de Vescy,
and the repairs that were still necessary. The report
gives the names of various buildings, but conveys
very little information as to their relative situations.
Thus we read of " the oriel over the gate .... the
bakehouse over the oven .... a garderobe near the
bakehouse .... the tower near the said bakehouse . .
. . another tower called the Fleming Tower .... the
tower near the gate .... the new tower over the great
chamber .... the children's chamber .... the great
hall, the saucery (salsarid)^ the kitchen and a certain
chamber between the same .... the chapel .... a
certain knights' chamber and armoury [quadam camera
militum et domo ad armd) .... the lord's chamber . .
. . the oriel of the same chamber .... the bell-turret
(campanario) .... the great knights' chamber (magna

' Mohun Cartulary.

354 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

camera militum) " and various embattled turrets. While
the towers and certain buildings were roofed with
lead, the hall and others were to be covered with
wooden shingles (cindulis).

There are no documentary allusions to the fabric
of Dunster Castle in the fourteenth century. One of
the later Mohuns seems, however, to have lengthened
the principal building of the Lower Ward by adding
a tower and some rooms at the western end of it, on
a narrow strip of ground close under the eastern end
of the Upper Ward.

The accounts of the first Sir Hugh Luttrell contain
many references to his castle. The following occur
in 1406 : —

" In a key bought for the door of the tower over the gate,
id. In hinges (jemeux), ' staples, haspes, ' and a * bolte '
of iron for the deal (sappis) placed in the gate, iid. In a
lock (cera)y a key, a * haspe ' and a staple (stapulo)y bought
for the tower towards the west in * le Dongeon ' 8*^. In a
lock and a key bought for the door of the closet {latrine) at
the end of the hall, 6d. "

" In paid for two bushels of lime (calcis) bought, 2d. In
a hundred 'lathnailles ' bought, ^d. In a workman cover-
ing the slope (penticium) of the tower over the angle of the
*■ Dongeon ' towards the west, for two days, ^d. In a car-
penter making the said slope for three days, 6d. "

" For three * hordes ' of ' pipler ' bought for the garde-
robe of my lord, 2j. "

" In paid to two * masones ' working on the chapel in
* le Dongeon ' for nine days and a half, at 2d. apiece by
the day, 35. 2d. In paid to three workmen carrying earth
for the same, at i^d. apiece by the day, for one day, ()d. In
paid for two quarters of lime bought at Wachet, together
with 2d. for the carriage of the same, i8d'. Also, on the
same day, in paid to a carpenter for fourteen days and two

' Miscellanea (Chancery), Bundle 3, salle cies chevaliers of French castles,
No. 21 (5-7). and the ritter saal of German castles

The camera nnliliim seems to be the

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 355

carpenters for two days, at ^d. apiece by the day, working

* cippes, hordes, tresteles, ' and windows and doors in the
upper and the lower castle. Also on the same day, in two
hundred nails (clavis) at 4^. ; in a hundred and fifty nails
at 6d. ; in a hundred nails at 6^., i6d. In twenty-two
pounds of iron wrought in ' twystes, hokes, ' and other
necessaries, at \^d. the pound, is. 9^. "

" In a new lock with two keys, and the mending of the
locks of the doors of the pantry, the kitchen, and the oats'-
house (avenar)j lod. Also the same day, in paid for
cleansing the house within the gates, full of filth, 4^. "

" In paid to John Corbet, smith, for a ' wexpan, ' two

* wexirens, ' a ' wexknyfe, ' an * iren rake, ' a ' pikeys, '
a * matok, ' thirty-six ' hoques ' for hanging bacons in the
kitchen, two ' twistez ' for the door in the tower over the
angle of the * Dongeon, ' and little bars for the glass windows
in the hall, 6s. Sd. Also on the same day, in paid to a glazier
making glass windows in the hall and my lord's chambers,
at 2d. by the day, for twenty-one days, 3J. 6d. Also on the
same day, in paid for two ' hoques ' and two hinges (jemeux)
for the shutters (foliis) of the glass windows at the end of
the hall, id. Also on the same day, in paid to two carpenters
fashioning chests by order of my lady and also * lez rakkes '
in the gate, for six days, at 2d. apiece by the day, 2s. And
in two hundred nails for the same chests, is. In three
hinges for the same, ^d. In two hooks (hamis) and three
great nails for the said * rekkis, ' 2d. In a new padlock
(cera pendenti) and the mending of another, 4^d. Also on
the same day, in paid for the making of an earthen wall below
(infra) the tower over the gate, 2d. And for the making of
a door with a * lacche ' in the same, 3^. "

The following payments were made in 141 6: —

" In four thousand pounds of lead, at 55. 6d. by the
hundred, 11/. In the carriage of the said lead from Wellys
to Dunster, 8j. In expenses for buying the said lead, 2s. "

"In * hordes ' and * nailles ' bought for the covering of
the towers in the Castle, 2'T^d. In nine pounds and a halt of
solder (soldura) bought, i^^d. In the salary of a plumber
for four weeks, loj. "

356 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

In addition to this salary the plumber received
1 4^. a week for food, and presumably free lodging in
the Castle.

The accounts for 141 7 show the following pay-
ments : —

" To a carpenter on the repair of the gates of the Lower
Castle, for seven days at 3^. by the day, iid. Also in iron
work for the same gates, viz. eighty-seven pounds at i^d. by
the pound, in nails, plates, and bands (vinculis)^ 9 J. \d. Also
in little nails (clavis) bought, with a key (clavi) for the door
of the chamber of J. Bacwell, ^d. Also in a key for the
chamber of the garderobe and in a key for the door of the
barn in the barton of Dounsterr, /\.d. "

" In four hooks for the door of the chapel in the hall id.
Also in the repair of two iron bands (vinculorum) with the
nails necessary for the same for the principal gate in ' le
Dongeon, ' 4^. Also in the cutting of a wicket (valve) in
the same gate, 3^. Also in iron hinges (geminis) for the
same wicket with the nails necessary, /\.d. Also in a * hag-
odeday ' with a * lacche ' for the same wicket, 3<^. Also in a
mason (muratore) making a chimney (caminum) in the
porter's lodge (domo janitoris) for five and a half days, iid.
Also in the carriage of a stone for the key-stone (clavi) of
the said chimney given by the Prior of Dunsterre, id. Also
in the repair of two locks on the chamber of the outer gate
of the Castle, with a key for the bakehouse, 5^^. Also in
plates [and] nails with a knocker (martella) on the inner
gate of the Castle, weighing \Q\lh. at \\d. by the lb. \os. lod.
Also in the expenses of a ' mason ' coming from Brigewater
to see my lord's hall in the Castle which is to be rebuilt,
3J. U. "

The gates of the Lower Castle mentioned above
may perhaps be those which still hang under the
archway of Reynold de Mohun. Their framework
is a massive grating of oaken bars four inches thick,
four inches and a half wide, and four inches and a
half apart, covered on the outside with vertical bands
of the same material an inch and a half thick. These

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 357

planks are held together by external iron bands, spiked
to the internal bars of oak by great nails with diamond-
shaped heads. In the right valve there is a wicket
four feet four inches high by two feet one inch broad,
fastened with a huge iron lock in a wooden shell.

The accounts for 141 8 show the following char-
ges :—

" In a tiler (coopertore) for two day's at my lord's board
(mensam) for the bakehouse, 4^. In a mason (lathamo)
for five days at my lord's board for certain chambers to be
mended in the Castle, lod. In a lock of the outer gate of
the Castle repaired, i^d. "

In 1 42 1, there was a payment "to Thomas Pac-
chehole for making ' reckis ' and ' mangers ' in my
lord's stable, " which was apparently below the Castle
on the north side.

The following payments are recorded in 1426 : —

" For * twystys, ' ' yemeaux, ' and nails bought of Hugh
Lokyer for the screen (le spere) and a new door in my
lord's hall, y. lod. And to John Burgh for two carriages
of timber from Me lymekyll' to the Castle for the said screen
(le dit spere) in my lord's hall, id.... In a thousand tile-pins
(pynnys teguUnis) bought, 3^.... In two thousand tile-stones
(petris tegulinis) bought of Henry Helyer, lod. In the
carriage of the said stones from Treburgh to Dunster Castle,
3 J. 4^.... In paid to John Eylysworthi, tiler (tegulatori)
there hired to repair my lord's chamber and the constable's
chamber, for three days at my lord's board (repastum)^<)d....
In a great key bought of Hugh Lokyer and in the mending

of a lock for ' Damhawys Towre', ^d. In John Bowman

hired for a day to cleanse ' Damhawys Toure, ' at my lord's

board (sibum)^ id Also to Thomas Pacheholl with his

man (famulo) there hired for a day and a half to make three
* gestys ' anew in the keep (castello) by * le Portcoleys, ' at
my lord's board, yj^. In nails bought for mending ' le
store hous ' in the keep (castello) in which my lord's armour
is placed, id In two carriages of timber from ' le

358 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

Fysspole in le Hanger,' towards my lord's said stable, without

board, id In ten thousand tile-stones (petris tegulinis)

bought for my lord's store, that came from Cornwall to the
Haven (portum) of Dunsterre, at 2J. '-jd. by the thousand,
sum total, 25J. lod. In carrying the aforesaid stones (lapi-
dibus) from the ship to ' le slymvat, ' 4^. "

The following entries occur in 1427 : —

" Thomas [Pachehole] was hired there to make Me enter-
clos ' and * hachys ' between my lord's hall and the chapel
there, for two weeks at my lord's board, receiving i^d. by

the week, 35 In paid to Thomas Smyth for six pairs

of hinges (yemeaux) for * lez hacchys ' in the chapel there,

2 J Also paid to John Myryman of Wylyton for

two mantelpieces (lapydibus clavelT ) bought of him for two

chimneys to be newly made in the keep (castello)^ y

Thomas PachehoU was hired by order of Thomas Bemont
at the keep (castellum) for pulling down the old kitchen in

* le Donyon ' for a week at my lord's board, 18^ And

Thomas Pachehole was hired there to make a ' whelberwe, '
for a day at my lord's board, 3^. "

Sir Hugh Luttrell, not content with maintaining
the old castle of the Mohuns, resolved to make a
material addition to it, more for comfort than for
defence. His receiver's account for 1420 has a
separate section as follows : —

" The new building in my lord's castle. In divers work-
men hired for pulling down old walls, both a part of the
walls of the hall and a part of the wall of the Castle, and
laying the foundation of the new building close to the said
hall, and for removing to a distance the old timber of the
hall when pulled down, and for hauling great stones and
carrying the said stones, with sand and timber, together with
the purchase of free stone at Bristol and the carriage of the
same by sea and lastly by land, and the carriage of water,
and for making * hurdelles, ' together with the purchase of
ropes, cords, and divers other necessaries for the work, and
likewise in the hire of men for burning lime in the pit near
the Castle, with the making of the same pit, and coal and

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 359

fuel bought for the same, with the shoeing of my lord's
horses and oxen for carriage, and making and repairing
divers iron implements, to wit ^crowes, mattokkes, pycoyses,
wegges, spades ' and 'schovylles' and 'sleigges,' all reckoned
together, as appears in a paper made thereupon and examin-
ed at the audit (super compotum)^ 45/. 15J. lod. In 2379/^.
of iron bought and wrought, that is to say for hinges
(gumphis), ' kacchers ' for ' lacchis ' for doors and windows,
and also for putting ironwork in the lights (illuminaribus) of
the windows, 14/. lyj. 4!^. In 141 quarters, 4 bushels of
lime bought, at 8^. for the quarter, 4/. 14J. 4^. Also paid
to Thomas Hydon, mason (latamo) for making walls, in part
payment of a greater amount, 11/. Also paid to William
Boulond, free-stone mason (sementario liherarum petrarum)
beyond \oos. received by him last year from Thomas Hody,
as appears in the account of the same Thomas Hody, in part
payment of a greater amount, 20/. Also paid to Thomas
Pacchehole, carpenter, beyond 6oj. received last year from
Thomas Hody, in part payment of a greater amount, ^os.
in 13 quarters of coal bought wholesale for burning lime.
Total, 98/. IS. io\d. "

There were further payments of the same nature
in the four follov^ing years, and in 1424, Thomas
Pacchole, the carpenter, v^as boarded at the Castle for
nineteen weeks with an assistant or two, and Thomas
Hydon the ' mason, ' for eleven weeks, also with an
assistant. Irrespectively of them, the total cost in
the five years amounted to about 252/. ^

Sir Hugh Luttrell's ' new building ' was a Gate-
house, spanning the approach from the town and
situated without the enceinte of the older castle. In
order to erect it in the position selected, he had to
pull down part of the curtain-wall and to close at
least two of the loops in the semi-circular tower on
the right of the gateway leading into the Lower
Ward. The Gatehouse as built by him was divided

' D.C.M, I. 17.

360 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

into distinct sections by a transverse wall reaching
from the ground to the roof, and it does not appear
that there was any internal communication between
them. The lower part of the eastern section is pierc-
ed by a passage open to the air, loft. 6in. broad, with
a plain wagon vault and at each end a pointed arch.
There can never have been a portcullis, but there
was formerly a pair of large gates adjoining the outer,
or lower, arch, which has moulded jambs continued
round the head. Close to the inner, or southern,
arch, there is a small pointed doorway giving access
to a room and also to a spiral staircase leading to a
larger room on the first floor, to a similar room on the
second floor, and lastly to the roof. In the western
section there were three rooms on as many floors, con-
nected with each other and with older buildings
behind by a spiral staircase. The two upper rooms
in this section were rather lower down than those on
the other side of the transverse wall. Each of the six
rooms in the Gatehouse had a simple fireplace and a
small, dark closet. Such of the original windows as
remain are square-headed but cusped, and in some
cases divided by mullions and transoms.

The accounts rendered to Sir John Luttrell contain
a few references to the fabric of Dunster Castle.
Thus in 1428 : —

" To John Eylesworthe, tiler (tegulatori), hired for three
and a half days to roof the chamber over the gate near my
lord's stable, at my lord's board, receiving 3^. by the day,

lo^d. Also in the wages of John Eylesworthe, tiler,

hired to plaster (sementanda) the house by the outer gate
of the Castle, in order that salt might be put therein, for a
day and a half at my lord's board, receiving 3<^. by the
day, 4j^. "

The following charges occur in 1430 : —

tvfl>.o,.ii t,t. s,i. o^UTis-c^ji cnBx>ite[ -:|f

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 361

"To John Joce hired to gather stones on Croudon for
*les botreaux ' by the gate of" Dunsterre Castle, for one day

at my lord's board, id To John Stone of Wotton,

' mason, ' hired to make two * botreaux ' by the gate of the
Castle, at my lord's board for two weeks, receiving i '^d. by
the week, y. And paid to John Thresshe of Wotton,
* mason, ' hired to work with the said John Stone at the
aforesaid 'botriaux' for two weeks, receiving i4<3'. by the
week, 2 J. \d. And paid to John Joce, hired to wait upon
John Stone and John Thresshe, the aforesaid * masons, ' for
two weeks, receiving by the week \id.^ at my lord's board,
22^. And paid to John Burgh, hired with his cart and four
horses to carry stones from * la Hangre ' to the gate of the
Castle for making the aforesaid ' botriaux ' for one day at my
lord's board, receiving 12^. by the day, \id. "

The tv^o buttresses mentioned were presumably
those which still help to support the eastern end of
Sir Hugh Luttrell's gatehouse. After the death of
Sir John Luttrell in 1430, a third of Dunster Castle
was assigned to his relict as part of her dower. At
an earlier and less peaceful period, military consider-
ations would have prevented such a division of a
fortified castle, while lawyers would have protested
that no widow could claim dower in a place that was
the nucleus of a feudal Honour. Lady Luttrell's third
thereof is very minutely specified, as follows : —

" Two gates at the entrance of the same castle of Dunster,
together with all buildings situate over the said two gates,
together with a certain old kitchen immediately adjoining
the said buildings, and also a certain tower nearest to the
said two gates on the western side of the same, and a certain
garden lying between the said tower and a certain other
tower called ' Hayveystoure, ' to hold to the same Margaret
as a third part of the aforesaid castle of Dunster, saving,
however, to the heir of the aforesaid John Luttrell, or to
whosoever shall for the time have two parts of the aforesaid
castle, free entry and egress to the said two parts of the
castle whenever necessary or expedient.

u

362 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

Lady Luttrell also received for her life, as before: —
" Three acres of pasture and an acre of wood around * le
Castel Torre, ' which three acres of pasture lie next on the
western side of the entrance of the aforesaid castle of Dun-
ster, and the aforesaid acre of wood lies on the eastern side
of the same castle at the northern end of the wood there
growing, with free entry and egress over ' le Castel Torre '
aforesaid to the said acre of wood whensoever expedient to
the same Margaret. " ^

Very little explanation is necessary. The two gates
mentioned are clearly the gateway giving access to the
Lower Ward, and the Gatehouse, or ' new building, '
of Sir Hugh Luttrell, just below it. The kitchen was
in the Lower Ward, near a hall previously mentioned,
and the first tower mentioned was that of which
some part still remains, projecting northward from
the curtain wall. ' Hayveystoure ' situate further
to the west was the ' Dame Hawis's Tower, ' or
the ' Fleming Tower,' of earlier records. The pasture
assigned to Lady Luttrell was more suitable for goats
or sheep than for cattle, as it was on a steep, narrow
strip of ground between the outer wall of the Castle
and the back-yards of the townsmen living in West
Street below. The outlying acre of wood must have
been on the precipitous side of the Tor overhanging
the river and difficult of access. Her four acres
constituted a third of twelve acres known as ' Castel-
dichepasture, ' a name which suggests that there was
an artificial ditch round part of the Tor below the
curtain wall. The moat of Dunster Castle is men-
tioned in 1 318, and in 1381, a certain William
Garland was admitted tenant for life of a burgage in
' la Baleye, ' between the ditch and the king's high-
way, and consequently on the north side of it. ^

' Inq. post mortem. 9 Hen. VI. no. 51. de su e le ewe que court vers Daiyns-
' Lease of a curtilage "de souz la brigge en part de nortz, " D.C.M. viii.
mote du chaztel de Dunsterre en part 2; ix. 5.

THE GATKHOLSK
DUNSTKR CASTl.i:.

FROM P.KI.dW,

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER.

363

Little or nothing is known about the condition of
the Castle and its immediate surroundings for a con-
siderable period after the death of Sir John Luttrell.
It may, however, be taken for granted that the Her-

berts did not spend an unnecessary penny upon the
the place during their temporary occupation of it.
After the restoration of the Luttrells in the reign of
Henry the Seventh, Sir Hugh, the second of that
name, and Sir Andrew, his son, are stated to have
accomplished some work there. John Leland, who
visited West Somerset in 1 542, writes : —

364 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

" The Moions buildid the right goodly and stronge
Castelle of Dunestorre.

" The Dungeon of the Castelle of Dunestorre hath beene
fulle of goodly building ; but now there is but only a cha-
pelle in good case. Sir Hugh Luterelle did of late dayes
repaire this chapelle.

" The fairest part of the Castelle welle maintenid is yn
the north est of the court of it.

" Syr Hugh Luterelle in the tyme of Dame Margarete
his wife, sister to the olde Lord Dalbeney, made a fair
tourre by north cummying into the castelle. "

" Syr Andrew Luterelle, sunne to Sir Hugh, buildid of
new a pece of the castel waul by est. " ^

The writer thus ascribes to the second Sir Hugh the
Gatehouse which had been erected by the first Sir
Hugh, but his confusion of them is pardonable in
view of the fact that the latest of the sculptured
shields on a panel over the entrance of that gateway
commemorates the marriage of the second Sir Hugh
with the half-sister of Lord Daubeny.

In other respects his accuracy appears unquestion-
able. He implies that the chapel, which is known to
have been dedicated to St. Stephen in 1254 or earlier,
was the most important of several different buildings
in the Dungeon, or Upper Ward, and we find that the
summit of the Castle Tor was known as ' Mount
Stephen's' in the seventeenth century and ' St. Stephen's'
in the eighteenth. The piece of wall which Sir
Andrew Luttrell is stated by Leland to have built
cannot now be identified. Perhaps it connected the
outer end of Sir Hugh Luttrell's gatehouse with the
north-eastern angle of the inhabited castle, thus
enclosing a triangular piece of ground outside the
old enceinte.

The next reference to the fabric of Dunster Castle
occurs in 1556, when, by an agreement between

' Itinerary {1907), p. 166.

'^

UJ

_J

^

h-

tu

'J)

>

<
U

H

<J)

rr

UJ

fii

:^

F-

(/)

X

Z

h-

:_)

^

n

o

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 365

Thomas Luttrell and Robert Opy, the latter was
allowed to retain for a short time " the hall, parlor,
kichyn, and every rome within the same pyle called
the Inner Pyle, or Lodginges, of the said Castell and
the stables, the grist-mill of Dunster aforesaid, and
the fedinge and pasturinge of tenne rother beasts or
kyne and three geldings in the Hanger, or Park, of
Dunster. " ^

George Luttrell, the first of that name, may from
some points of view be regarded as the creator of the
existing Castle. Dissatisfied with the irregular medi-
eval buildings which he found at the eastern end
of the Lower Ward, he set himself to convert them
into a mansion suitable to the requirements of a
more luxurious age. Retaining at least two project-
ing towers and the thick outer walls on three sides,
he inserted in the latter a series of square-headed
windows, each divided by a mullion and a transom
into four oblong lights. Furthermore he entirely
reconstructed the fa9ade, giving to it as symmetrical
an appearance as circumstances would allow. All his
external masonry is laid in regular courses of red
stone with quoins of a lighter colour. Within the
Castle, his walls may be recognised as being thinner
than those of the thirteenth century and thicker than
those of the eighteenth. Owing to the slope of the
ground and perhaps also to earlier arrangements, he
found it difficult to establish uniform levels throughout
the mansion, and so divided it into two sections, each
comprising three storeys, the floors of the rooms in
the southern section being several feet higher than
those of the rooms on the northern side of the trans-
verse wall. To him may certainly be attributed the
ornamental plaster ceiling of the Hall, the frieze of the

' D.C.M. XIV. 5.

366 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

Gallery, the balusters of part of the smaller staircase,
and at least two architraves within the existing fabric.
Although the date ' 1 589 ' is to be seen under a large
coat of arms in the Hall, and an iron fire-back there
bears the arms and initials of Queen Elizabeth, the
remodelling of the Castle was not completed until
thirty years later. In October 1617, George Lut-
trell entered into an agreement with William Arnold
of Charlton Musgrove, gentleman, who was reput-
ed to have had " great experience in architecture, "
with regard to " a house or parcell of building to be
sett up and built within the castle of Dunster. "
Arnold was to supply a ' plot, ' or plan, and an
' upright, ' or elevation, of the projected edifice, and
to oversee the work until the completion of the roof.
Luttrell was to pay him 40/. in instalments for his
pains, to defray his travelling expenses, and to give him
a beneficial lease of lands called Burchams, the Holl-
ingborrowes, andLyncroft, situate in the north-western
part of Dunster. Many persons less litigious than
George Luttrell have been known to quarrel with
their architects, and it is not surprising to find that,
within two years, Arnold had to apply to the Court
of Chancery to enforce the settlement of his claim.
For the defence it was contended that he had substi-
tuted a fresh plan for that originally approved, and
that the building actually in course of erection did
not agree with either. It was also stated that there
had been a great waste of good material, that the work
had been unduly protracted and imperfectly done, and
that the cost, which had been estimated at 462/., was
likely to amount to 1200/.^ An allusion to stairs
leading from the new building into the new cellar,
and another allusion to a pre-existing back wall,

' Clianccry Proceedings, series ii, bundle 299, no. 307.

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 367

seem to show that Arnold's addition to the Castle
comprised the central portion of the main fa9ade.
An overmantel in the principal room leading out of
the Gallery, removed from the room on the first floor
now demolished, bears the date ' 1620. '

Dunster Castle suffered some injury during the
siege of 1 645 and 1 646, and it certainly lost much of
its medieval character in 1650, when three hundred
men were employed to dismantle its fortifications.
The chapel of St. Stephen and other ancient buildings
on the summit of the Tor were then totally demol-
ished, while the Lower Ward was laid open by pulling
down at least two towers and all the curtain wall on
the western side. Prynne also records the destruction
of ' a fair new building', which cannot be located.

There is no documentary evidence as to the date
of the extensive stables belonging to the Luttrell
family which stand below the Gatehouse, at the corner
of the Bailey, afterwards called Castle Street. In an
exposed position just without the enceinte of the Castle,
they can hardly have escaped considerable damage in
the course of the long siege: their roof must have been
renewed once or twice since then. The muUions of
the windows are of wood. The chief interest of the
stables is, however, in the interior, where there are now
twenty-eight stalls, exhibiting three varieties of design,
but all apparently erected in the first half of the seven-
teenth century. Untouched by any modern 'restorer,'
they merit the careful examination of architects.

Colonel Francis Luttrell and Mary his wife made
some internal changes at the Castle in the sumptuous
style of their time. To them is due the elaborate
plaster ceiling of the Parlour, divided into panels and
enriched with raised foliage and figures in circular
medallions. The continuity of the garlands of flow-

368 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

ers along the frieze is broken by two shields of
the arms of Luttrell impaling those of Tregonwell,
and a separate crest, which, curiously enough, is that
of Tregonwell. ^ The work may have been done
under the direction of the lady and with money
provided by her, for she was a considerable heiress.
It bears the date " Anno Dommini {sic) Christi
MDCLxxxi. " To the same period must be as-
cribed the former architraves of the two doorways in
the Parlour richly carved in oak, the one giving access
to the Hall and the other to a small room which is
described in 1690, in 1705 and in 1741, as "the
Withdrawing Room, " and in 1781 as "the Library."
This room has an ornamented ceiling similar in char-
acter to that of the adjoining Parlour, now the Dining
Room, and obviously executed at the same time.

The Great Staircase, which is the chief architect-
ural glory of Dunster Castle dates also from the reign
of Charles the Second. It may perhaps occupy the
site of a staircase of the previous century. Although
fitted into a medieval tower with a rounded exterior,
it is rectangular in plan, the ornamental plaster ceiling
being an oblong, similar in character to that of
the Parlour, but somewhat severer in design. The
general scheme of this staircase and some of the
details may be compared with those of the stair-
case at Tythrop House, near Thame in Oxfordshire. ^
It is more customary than correct to attribute all such
work to Grinling Gibbons. At Dunster, the stairs,
the dado against the external walls, the plinth opposite,
the newels and the massive hand-rail are all of oak,
while the perforated panels between the newels, and
the vases of fruit and flowers above the newels, are

' There is an illustration of part of * See the plates in Statham's English

this ceiling in Statham's£»^//s/ji/o»zcs, Homes, pp. 104, 105, 176-179.
p. 106.

THE GREAT STAIRCASE,
DL'NSTER CASTLE.

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 369

elaborately carved in elm. Oak and elm alike were,
until thirty years ago, thickly covered with paint, one
of the lower layers of which was dark brown relieved
with gold. All this has been stripped off and the
wood has been revealed. In the open panels on the
left of the stairs, the carver has allowed his fancy to run
riot, and, amid graceful foliage, one may see cherubs
blowing horns, hounds in full chase after a stag and
a fox, and guns and military trophies, allusive perhaps
to Francis Luttrell's devotion to arms and sport.

As completed in the later part of the seventeenth
century, the Staircase seems to have been separated
from the Hall by a wall or screen pierced with two
openings, each of which was flanked by engaged
columns with capitals finely carved in lime. The
gallery, or return, of the staircase on the first floor
seems to have given access to a large landing over
part of the Hall. In 1691, there were " in the Stair-
case " various pieces of furniture — " one small round
table, two tables with foulding leaves, one couch "
and eight cushions, which may have been on the
window-seats of the landing. " One large casement
and its frame, " clearly moveable, may have served
to keep ofl^ the draught either on the ground floor or
on the first floor. In 1741, there were " in the Great
Staircase " " a mahogany harpsichord " and " four
elbow cane chairs and four other cane chairs." The
inventory of that year devotes a separate section to
" the closett under the Great Staircase, " which con-
tained " a walnutt scrutore, four cane chairs, " eight
framed prints, over three hundred volumes of books,
and various small objects. Here there were " a stove
grate and buffer, " corresponding with " one grate of
iron for sea coals " that was standing " in the stair-
case " protected by a fender, in 1691.

370 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

The inventory of 1691 enumerates the rooms in
the Castle in regular sequence, giving the names that
they then respectively bore. Many of these names
were, however, altered from time to time in the course
of the eighteenth century, whenever changes were
made in the colour of hangings and furniture. Thus,
to take one instance, ' the White Chamber' of 1691
and 1705, on the northern side of the Gallery, was
known as ' the Yellow Chamber 'in 1 74 1 , and as ' the
Red Chamber' in 1781. At some date subsequent
to 1 8 1 5, it began to be erroneously called ' King
Charles's Room.' ' The King's Chamber ' of 1691
and 1705, which is explicitly described as situate
" within " the Red Room of that time, was a small
room with only one window and no fireplace. After
the closing of the Castle for ten years (i 737-1 747),
and the re-modelling of part of the interior by Henry
Fownes Luttrell, it lost its old name. In 178 1, it
was merely ' the Best Dressing Room, ' within ' the
Best Bedroom ' at the western end of the Gallery.
However, there still lingered a tradition that Charles
the Second, when Prince of Wales, had occupied
some room near the Gallery, and it was known that,
in the course of his adventures, he had been glad to
avail himself of hiding-places. Inasmuch then as
there is a narrow, dark closet behind the panelling
of the Red Chamber of 1781, a mistaken idea arose
that he may have used the room to which it is an
annexe. When he came to Dunster as a boy in 1 645,
the Castle was one of the principal fortresses in the
west of England, and was manned by soldiers devoted
to his father's cause ; when he passed through Somerset
after the disastrous Battle of Worcester, in his flight
from Boscobel to Lyme, he did not come to Dunster.
In point of fact there was no communication between

PLAN
DUNSTER CASTLE

HI THE kLTlRATIC

A D iaft7 -

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 371

the room which he really occupied and the closet, or
possible hiding-place, which was separated from it
until 1869 by a very thick stone wall.

The inventories of 1741 and 1781 alike mention
' the Spirit's Room, ' and the latter shows it to have
been situate immediately above the little room at the
eastern end of the Hall. Although the name has
survived to the present time, nothing is known about
its origin ; Dunster Castle has no ghost.

The furniture specified in the inventory of 1691
would nowadays be considered very scanty. In the
Great Hall there were only " one small square table "
some fire irons, " one large brass candlestick with
two (six ?) socketts laquered yellow, and eighteen
chaires of redd leather. " In the Great Parlour there
were twenty-one " (Turkey) wrought chairs, " two
slabs of black and white marble on wooden frames
serving as " side tables, " and the necessary fire irons.
The Withdrawing Room adjoining contained nothing
except " eight large pictures and five small pictures. "
So again, in the Long Gallery the furniture consisted
of " six pieces of arras of one suit and two pieces of
arras of another suit, two white lacquered sconces, and
eight pictures. " The contents of the bedrooms
were more valuable. Many of them were hung with
tapestry and had curtains to the windows. The
White Chamber adjoining the Gallery was furnished in
a style then fashionable. A table, two stands, a large
mirror, eight chairs and two pictures in it are alike
described as "Japan. " Here there were " fourteen
little toyes over the chimney cornish. " Mrs. Luttrell,
who seems to have occupied the bedroom over the
Great Parlour, also had a table and two cabinets of
' Japan, ' and an " olive chest of drawers " that
probably came from Italy. There were some " hang-

372 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

ings of guilt leather " in her " closett, " and half of
one of the rooms occupied by the household was
" hung with greene and guilted leather. " ^

Most of the tapestry and many pieces of furniture
were removed to London by Mrs. Luttrell, and
perished in the fire at her house. Part of the residue,
including various portraits left at Dunster, was event-
ually purchased by Colonel Alexander Luttrell from
her second husband, Sir Jacob Bancks.

When Colonel Alexander Luttrell went to live at
Dunster Castle in 1705, he re-named many of the
rooms, but he did not make any important structural
changes. Dorothy Luttrell, his relict, was more enter-
prising. Until her time there was only one approach
to the Castle. After ascending the direct road from
the town to Sir Hugh Luttrell's gateway and passing
under its vaulted archway, carriages, horsemen, and
pedestrians had alike to turn abruptly to the right
through the earlier gateway of Sir Reynold de Mohun,
and thence to describe a curve to the left, still ascend-
ing, in order to reach the porch on the western facade
of the Jacobean mansion. From first to last the road
was exceedingly steep, and the angle between the two
gateways was so sharp that great skill was required
to drive a carriage safely through them in descending
to the town. Tradition says that a horse had its
brains dashed out there, and minor accidents must
have been numerous. Mrs. Luttrell therefore made
an alternative road branching off to the left opposite
to the stables, and winding upwards round the eastern
side of the Tor until it reached the level of the south-
eastern angle of the Castle. There it ended in a little
platform close to the domestic offices. If it was less
dignified than the older approach, it was at any rate

' Chancery Proceedings, Mitford 538, no. 2.

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 373

considerably safer. 'The New Way,' as it was called
was finished in 1720, and the trees lining it are very
correctly represented as young in Buck's view of
Dunster Castle, which was engraved in 1733. To
protect it from above a yew hedge was planted below
the eastern front of the Castle, and this hedge has
grown since to a height of about 54 feet.

The New Way was barely finished when Dorothy
Luttrell began to build a florid chapel projecting from
the eastern front of the Castle, partly on the site of
an ancient semicircular tower. This work was ex-
ecuted in 1723 and the following year, at a cost of
about I 300/. under the direction of Sir James Thorn-
hill, who painted for the interior a huge picture of
the Lifting up of the Brazen Serpent. By a will
dated in October 1723, Dorothy Luttrell bequeathed
350/. for the completion of the Chapel. There is a
definite statement that it was eventually consecrated.
An indifferent portrait of George Hooper, Bishop of
Bath and Wells, still hanging in the Castle, may be a
memorial of his connexion with this chapel. A silver
flagon, salver, and cup with cover are mentioned in 1 744
as belonging to the communion table. ^ These are now
in use at the new chapel of St. Michael at Alcombe,
having been presented by the present owner of the Castle.

In the early part of the eighteenth century, the
site of the ancient keep was levelled and converted
into a bowling-green. Any relics of the chapel of
St. Stephen and of other buildings erected by the
Mohuns that had survived the wanton demolition
of 1650 were then removed. Some traces of a drain
on the west side are all that now remain. An oct-
agonal summer-house at the eastern end of the bowling
green, almost overhanging the inhabited part of the

' Master Eld's Report in the Chancery suit Kj'mer v. Trevelyan 23 July 1744.

374 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

Castle, has a good leaden pipe-head with the Luttrell
arms and the date ' 1 727.' A large muUioned window
in it dates from the fifteenth century. In 1741, this
summer-house had " a stove grate and huffer, fire
shovel, tongs and poker, and four pieces of the hunting
chace, " and " a mahogany octagon table and 8 leather
bottomed chairs with walnutt frames. " The room
beneath it contained " twelve pair of Brasil bowles
and 3 jacks " valued at 2/. i is.

At some period between 1705 and i'/27'> ^^^ ^^
the Luttrells acquired the magnificent coramt, or
pictures on leather, that adorn the Gallery at Dunster
Castle. It has been seen that, in 1691, there were
some " hangings of guilt leather" in Mrs. Luttrell's
" Closet, " but they must have been comparatively
small, and there is a note in 1705 that almost all the
furniture of that room had been " sent to London,
except the guilt leather sent to Abbey Milton. " In
the inventory of 1741, " gilt leather hangings " are
specified among the moveable objects in the Gallery.
Alexander Luttrell, deceased, had also possessed a set
of " gilt leather hangings " of lesser value that were
in his house at Venn near Heathfield. In 1744,
there is specific mention of " the gilt leather hangings
being the History of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra "
in the Gallery, valued at 21/. The next allusion to
them is in a letter from Margaret Fownes Luttrell to
her husband, undated, but evidently written in or soon
after 1759, from Bath. In this, she says : —

" 1 have a great mind to consult Cooke about repairing
Mark Anthony and Cleopatra, whether a gilt leather border
would be the best method, and perhaps his man could do it
better than any one in the country.

Eventually the corami were flattened and affixed to
the walls of the Gallery. As originally made in

c
u

'J

p
Z

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 375

Spain or Portugal about the middle of the seventeenth
century, the historical panels must have been intended
for some particular house, and they accordingly vary
considerably in width, their height, exclusive of
borders, being about 6 ft. 10 in. The subjects are: —
(i) The Triumvirate, Caesar, Antony and Lepidus,
at Rome, with soldiers and trumpeters in the back-
ground.

(2) Antony, seated on a throne, receiving Cleo-
patra, who kneels before him, one of her attendants
bearing her train. In the background is the barge
in which she had come to him.

(3) Antony taking Cleopatra by the hand and
holding over her head a garland, to symboUse the
grant of authority over Phoenicia.

(4) Antony and Cleopatra on horseback flying
before Caesar's soldiers.

(5) Antony presenting to an attendant a dagger
wherewith to stab him.

(6) Cleopatra applying to her breast an asp, which
has been brought to her in a basket of figs.

All these panels are in very fine condition and richly
coloured, the surface relieved in places by the use of
iron tools. The metalHc decoration of silver foil
assumes a golden aspect where covered by a trans-
parent yellow glaze. In addition to the historical
series, there are a number of busts of comely damsels
rising out of rich foliage, which may perhaps have
served as frame-work, and there are various borders
which have been unfortunately cut up from time to
time and misplaced. Leather hangings of this sort
are by no means common. There is, or was, a set at
the old palace at Turin. Another set is stated to
• hang at Knowsley. A third set at Blenheim, present-
ed by Victor Amadeus of Savoy to the great Duke of

376 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

Marlborough, is based upon drawings by Perino del
Vaga. '

Henry Fownes Luttrell made considerable alter-
ations at Dunster Castle between 1747 and 1774, sett-
ling every detail himself. In the Great Parlour he
closed the two Jacobean windows facing northwards,
but without altering their exterior, and he inserted a
Venetian window of three lights in the eastern wall.
Pursuing a similar course in the large bedroom over
it, he converted it into a Drawing Room. The
ornaments for the ceiling were made by the firm of
Spinnage and Crompton in London, and sent down to
Dunster, in 1758, in a box weighing only 50//^. to
be put up by local workmen.

By the middle of the eighteenth century, paper
hangings had come into favour as a substitute for
arras, and there is at Dunster a letter from Henry
ShifFner to his friend Henry Fownes Luttrell quoting
the prices of suitable papers in London. " India
paper representing trees, birds and flowers of various
colours on a whitish ground " was offered at 41. 6c/.
per square yard. " India paper representing the
several stages of a Chinese manufacture upon a greyish
ground .... a smaller pattern, but the figures very
compleat and intersperst with romantick views " could
not be obtained under ys. per square yard. " Flock
paper " was quoted at only is. bd. The Castle had
to be practically refurnished at this period.

In the Great Staircase, Henry Fownes Luttrell made
various changes, several of which can hardly be des-
cribed as improvements. Thus he abolished the two
openings leading from it into the Hall and substituted
three arches of less substantial character. While
two of the engaged columns were made to do duty

' Waagen's Treasures of Art, vol. iii, p. 133.

'■J

Z

o

u

z

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 377

again as such, the other two were enlarged and con-
verted into detached columns to support the new arches.
The bill rendered in 1773 by Stowey and Jones states
explicitly that one third was added to each of their
carved capitals, and that new bases and necks were
provided for them. All this was removed in 1869,
but the gallery immediately above remains as remodel-
led in 1773. The delicate mouldings of the dado of
this gallery are markedly different from the bolder
mouldings of the dado of the staircase. Pine takes
the place of oak and elm. The cost of the two door-
ways facing the head of the stairs is minutely specified
in the bill : —

" Two sett of best moulded double faced archatraves
with three members full inriched, 6/. 6s. "

" Two door caps with inriched mouldings and ornamental
friezes and basso relief tabletts, 12/. I2J.

" Two mahogany doors 2 inches thick of best Jamaica
wood framed into six pannels, wouth mouldings on pannels
the same fluted and patera corners, 12/. I2J. "

The charges for packing, carriage and fixing were
of course additional. It is worthy of notice that the
doorcaps facing the Staircase are ornamented with
stags' heads and hunting horns, thus carrying on the
idea suggested by the carved panels of the seventeenth
century below.

At some unspecified date, Henry Fownes Luttrell,
departing strangely from the style prevalent in his
own day and usually followed by him, made a large
window on the staircase from an atrocious design
which he beheved to be " Gothique. " This has
been removed. From March 1772 to September
1773, workmen of different professions were employed
in making alterations in Dunster Castle. A ' Break-
fast Room ' was created over the Hall, the oaken

w

378 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

flooring and the two eastern windows alone dating
from an earlier period. To connect it with the
Gallery, a passage was cut through two intervening
bedrooms, the nearer one called " the Red Chamber "
in 1691, " Mrs. Lucy Luttrell's Chamber" in 1705,
" the Purple Chamber" in 1744, and "the Yellow
Room " in 1781, the further one called " the Yellow
Chamber" in 1 691, "the Plodd Room " in 1705,
" the Plodd Chamber " in 1741, " the Plaid Room "
in 1 744, and " the Chintz Room " in 1 78 i . All the
southern part of the Castle, used chiefly by the
servants, was so remodelled that it is almost impos-
sible to ascertain the previous disposition and names
of the different rooms.

The alterations that Henry Fownes Luttrell made
within his dwelling-house were insignificant in com-
parison with those that he made outside it. By
creating the present Park, by planting trees, by build-
ing a tower on Conigar, and by doing other things of
the sort, he greatly enhanced the natural beauties of
Dunster. In this chapter, however, it is necessary only
to describe the change which he wrought on the Tor,
a change which unfortunately could hardly have been
carried out without serious detriment to the medieval
character of the Castle. While every antiquary must
deplore the destruction of the Lower Ward, due
consideration should be given to the necessities of
the case, and a country gentleman need not be des-
cribed as a Vandal because he wanted to have a safe
roadway to his own front door. A surveyor named
Thomas Hull proposed in the first instance that such
a roadway should ascend the Tor in zigzags above the
stables, but this scheme was found impracticable or
undesirable. As an alternative, he suggested that the
New Way of 1720 should be continued round the

Ma?

? < ^

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 379

western and northern sides of the hill to the porch of
the Jacobean facade. In order to do this, the whole of
the Lower Ward was reduced to one level by lowering
it slightly on the south and raising it very considerably
on the north. A wall against the hill on the south
and another wall connecting it with the old curtain
wall on the north were alike removed. The original
road that passed through Sir Reynold de Mohun's
gateway towards the Jacobean mansion was entirely
obliterated by piling tons of earth upon it, covered
with green turf. Happily, the gateway itself was
spared, and its remarkable doors, although closed,
were protected by the erection of a wall behind them.
For the benefit of persons on foot, a little staircase
was made close by, to give access to the new artificial
platform above known as ' the Green Court. ' All this
was done in 1764.

Up to the date of these drastic changes, the ground
floor of Sir Hugh Luttrell's gatehouse had been directly
accessible from the Lower Ward on the south. The
effect of them was, however, to leave not only the
ground floor, but also the middle storey, below the
newly created level. Some remains of a vaulted
chamber adjoining appear to have been simply buried.
The Gatehouse itself was materially altered. A door-
way of the early part of the sixteenth century and an
oaken door, taken from some demolished building,
were put together and set up at its southern end, on
Hull's new level, to give access to the spiral staircase
leading to the two lower storeys, and across the landing
of that staircase to the upper south room. On either
side of the door was built a polygonal turret, battle-
mented above and pierced below with narrow apertures
intended to represent ancient loopholes. The original
turret above the northern staircase was at the same time

380 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

removed and the roofs of the two sections were reduced
to uniformity. So cleverly did Hull do his work that
it has sometimes been ascribed to the sixteenth century.
Very little of the old curtain wall is now visible to
the west of the Gatehouse, its external face being
almost entirely hidden by earth placed in front of it.
From the time of the first Henry Fownes Luttrell
to that of his great-grandson, the present owner,
nothing was done to Dunster Castle beyond necess-
ary repairs of a minor character. Hardly a piece
of furniture was changed. It is unfortunate that
nothing is known about the history of three curious
and interesting chairs now preserved in the Castle,
the description of such things in the old inventor-
ies being very meagre. A picture of the largest
of them, which is made of ash, is given opposite.
The other two, made of pear-wood with triangular
seats of oak, are much simpler. Chairs of a similar,
though rare, type exist at Hereford Cathedral, the
Bishop's Palace at Wells, the Ashmolean Museum at
Oxford, Harvard College, U.S.A., Barlborough Hall
in Derbyshire, Cheshunt Manor, and some other
private houses. A recent writer goes so far as to say
that the type is " of Byzantine origin... introduced
into Scandinavia and from thence doubtless brought
to England by the Normans. " ^ The three examples
at Dunster cannot, however, be ascribed to an earlier
period than the sixteenth century. Horace Walpole
was for some years very envious of Richard Bateman
who had picked up in farmhouses in Herefordshire a
number of old chairs, " the seats triangular, the backs,
arms, and legs loaded with turnery. " ^ Eventually
he secured six of them for Strawberry Hill after the

' M^cquoid's History of English Fur- * Letters, 20 Aug. 1761; 24 vSept.

nitnre vol. i. pp. 71-73. 1762 ; 16 March 1765.

TURNED CHAIR,
PUNSTER CASTLF.

CH. XI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 381

death of Bateman, who had disfigured some with
heraldic and other painting. ^

Mr. G. F. Luttrell had not been long in possession
of Dunster Castle before he resolved to make material
alterations in the fabric, so as to adapt it to modern
requirements. The task entrusted by him to the late
Mr. A. Salvin was singularly difficult, because there
was so little ground available for the necessary ex-
tension. In the first place, additional accommodation
was provided by pulling down the northern tower of
the Jacobean fa9ade and building a more important
tower on its site, with a turret staircase attached.
The tower over the main entrance was at the same
time rebuilt on a larger scale, and a passage was in-
geniously constructed in the roof. On the eastern
side of the Castle, the incongruous Chapel of 1722
was replaced by a lofty tower containing a drawing-
room on the ground-floor and bedrooms above. In
the Parlour, in the room over it, in the Great Staircase
and elsewhere, stone mullioned windows of simple
design were substituted for the Venetian and the so-
called ' Gothic ' windows inserted by Henry Fownes
Luttrell in the middle of the eighteenth century.

The internal alterations devised by Mr. Salvin
were numerous and important. An additional hall,
loftier than the old one, was created by the abolition
of two rooms and a passage on the ground floor and
the like on the floor immediately above. The kitchen
and other offices further south were converted into
sitting rooms, and a new range of offices was con-
structed between the new northern tower and the old
gateway of the Lower Ward. The massive doors of
this gateway, closed in 1761, were reopened, and a
staircase was made behind it to give access to the

' Catalogue of strawberry Hill (1S42), seventeenth day, lots 102, 114.

382 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xi.

Green Court in front of the house. By a change of
floor levels and the removal of a transverse v^^all, the
two upper rooms of Sir Hugh Luttrell's gatehouse
were thrown into one.

As seen from the town, from the park, and from
elsewhere, Dunster Castle is now more imposing and
withal far more picturesque than it was forty years
ago. The chief matter for regret in connexion with
Mr. Salvin's work is that he should have thought it
necessary to remove the handsome woodwork of the
Parlour and the Hall, dating from the time of Charles
the Second. ^

It remains to be added that the Castle is now ap-
proached by a carriage-road winding round the Tor
on a gradient much easier than that of the eighteenth
century, and commanding beautiful views of the Park
and the vale of Avill.

The collection of pictures at Dunster Castle has
been enriched in recent years by the transfer of several
portraits of Drewes from Wootton Fitzpaine, and
portraits from Nethway, including one of Henry, Prince
of Wales, by or after Van Somer, and a large full-
length by Bower of a gorgeous cavalier, aged 24 in
1633, but unfortunately nameless. Little is known
about the history of two bronze guns lately removed
from Minehead to Dunster Castle. They bear the
date 1787, the name and arms of Pope Pius the
Sixth and the arms of a Cardinal. They must presum-
ably have come by sea from Civita Vecchia or Ancona.

' Some of it is now in the Billiard-room.

FIREPLACE IN THE HALL.
DUNSTER CASTLE.

CHAPTER XII.

DuNSTER Church and Priory,

The earliest mention of the church of Dunster is
to be found in a charter of the first WilHam de
Mohun, which may be translated thus : —

" Be it known to all faithful members of the Catholic
Church both present and future that I, WilHam de Moione,
pricked by the fear of God, give and grant in perpetuity
for the weal of my soul and that of William, King of the
English, and those of all my ancestors and successors, to
the church of St. Peter of Bath and to John, Bishop of that
monastery, and to the monks both present and future, the
church of St. George of Dunestore, and myself, and the
tithe of the same town, both of vines and of ploughs and
of the market as also of all sheep, and the whole town of
Alcume and all things belonging to it, free and quit of all
service, that is to say a hide of land, and a moiety of the
tithe of Maneheafe, and the whole tithe of Bradeuude, and
all the tithe of Carentun so far as it belongs to me, and the
whole tithe of Niwetun, and a moiety of the tithe of Brun-
feld, and the whole tithe of Stokelande, and the whole
[tithe] of Kilvestune, and two fisheries, the one belonging
to Dunesthor and the other to Carentun, and the whole
tithe of my mares on the moors. And I grant all these
things to the aforesaid church of Bath by consent of my
wife Adelisa, in order that the Bishop and monks of the
same may build and raise the church of St. George. Of
this benefaction there are these witnesses on my behalf —
Henry de Port, and Durand the steward, and Ogis and
Geroius, and Walter de Celsui, and Robert le Blond (flavus)
and Geoffrey and Robert my sons, and Wilmund my

384 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

brother, and Odo de Altaribus, and William de Hermod-
ville, and Robert son of Richard, and Humphrey de Pierre-
pont {Petreponte\ and Ralph son of Osbern, and Herbert
of Kent, and Richard le Blond (flavus), and Picot, and
Engelram son of Juelin, and Alexander de Percy. These
are on behalf of the Bishop, that is to say Gireward the
monk, and Girebert the archdeacon, and Dunstan the
priest, and Gilbert the priest, and William the clerk, and
Adelard the steward, and Turald and Sabian." ^

The charter is not dated, but as it was issued
during the episcopate of John and the reign of
William, it may with certainty be referred to the
decade between 1090 and iioo. Two of the wit-
nesses, Durand and Ogis, were tenants under William
de Mohun at the time of the Domesday Survey of
1086. The property given to the monks comprised
the manor of Alcombe, the advowson of the church
of Dunster, dedicated to St. George who was popular
with the Normans, and tithes of various manors
which William de Mohun held in demesne, Dunster,
Minehead, Broadwood, Carhampton, Newton now
known as BicknoUer, Broomfield, Stockland now
known as Shurton, and Kilton. The two fisheries
mentioned may have been in the little river flowing
from Avill, or on the sea-shore.

The charter of William de Mohun is known to
have been confirmed by St. Anselm and by William
Rufus, but the charter of the Archbishop and that
of the King have alike disappeared. ^

Ere long, a moiety of the tithes of Exford was
given to the monks of Bath by William de Mohun,
probably the second of that name. It was he who
gave them some land called Avelham, for the benefit
of the soul of his son Ralph, and apparently three

> Two Chartularies of Bath (S.R.S.), -' Ibid, C. 65.

^- 34-

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 385

ferlings of land at Northcombe. * From documents
of much later date, it seems clear that Avelham was
near the southern end of Dunster, and that North-
combe was in the neighbouring parish of Cutcombe. ^

Between the years 11 38 and 1160, the monks of
Bath obtained from Theobald, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, a solemn confirmation of the lands and tithes
granted to them at Dunster, Carhampton, Stockland,
Kilton, Avelham, Staunton, Minehead and Exford
with the church of Dunster. They must have
acquired the tithes of Staunton from the person who
held that manor of the lord of Dunster by military
service, as it is not mentioned in any of the early
charters issued by the Mohuns. For some reason
unknown, the archbishop ignores the tithes of
Broadwood, Newton and Broomfield, specified in
successive charters. If correctly transcribed, his
charter is remarkable as recognising the canonization
of his eminent predecessor, Anselm of Aosta. ^

WiUiam de Mohun the Third confirmed the grants
made by his predecessors. His charter is obviously
based upon that of William de Mohun the First, as
given above, but it contains some variations. Thus,
among the tithes of Dunster it specifies those of the
mills and the copses, and it mentions the church of
Kilton as well as the tithes of that parish. On the
other hand it contains no reference whatever to the

' D.C.M. xvx. 7 process are not clear. His canonization
* Taxatio. was demanded, but without effect, by
5 Two Chartularies of Bath, C. 55. Thomas Becket ; the final ratification
The original charter has long disap- of it is ascribed to a papal bull some
peared, and 'Saudi Anselmi' in the centuries later. " Saint Anselm, ■p. ■^01.
early transcript of it at Cambridge On the other hand there is a bull of
may be a clerical error for ' Sanctc Pope Alexander the Third of the year
memoric Anselmi', a phrase which 1 163, empowering thT Archbishop of
occurs earlier in the document. " His Canterbury to proceed with the canon-
name ", writes Dean Church, " as was ization desired. Rymer's Fcedera,
to be expected, passed into the roll of vol. i. p. 42.
saints ; but apparently the steps of the

386 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

monks of Bath, all the endowments being described
as belonging to the church of Dunster. ^ Although
the charter of William de Mohun the First cannot be
regarded as founding a cell, or priory, at Dunster, it
is quite possible that a few of the Benedictine monks
of Bath may have been established there as early as the
eleventh century, in pursuance of an unrecorded
agreement made with him. The first specific refer-
ence to a religious house at Dunster occurs in 1 177,
when the Bishop of Winchester, as guardian of the
heir of William de Mohun, paid 54J. " to the monks
of St. George of Dunster " for tithes from his ward's
estate for the previous eighteen months. ^ By this
date at any rate, if not much earlier, the Benedictines
were settled at Dunster on the northern side of the
parochial church.

A charter of William de Mohun which, if authen-
tic, must be ascribed to the fourth of that name,
defines the boundaries of the hide of land at Alcombe
belonging to the monks, and enumerates among their
endowments the tithe of the demesne of Shurton,
which was really Stockland, and some land at Kyne-
wordisham which the Taxatio of 1291, shows to be
Kersham in Luxborough. ^

In the course of the twelfth century, the Benedict-
ine monks duly built and raised the church of St.
George at Dunster. Some work of that period remains
to this day, though much altered in later centuries.
The northern wall of the nave is Norman, as is also
the central part of the western wall of the nave, in

• D.C.M. XVI. 7. It is worthy of Somerset.

remark that a bull of Pope Honorius * Two Chartularies of Bath, L. 845.

the Third dated at the Lateran 13 Kal. The charter may have been forged

Dec. a.p. 7 (A.D. 1224) confirms to the with a view to the general confirmation

monks of Dunster only two churches, granted by John de Mohun the Fifth in

those of Dunster and Carhampton. 1341- Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. iv.

D.C.M. XVI. 2. p. 202.

* Pipe Roll, 23 Hen. II. Dorset and

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 387

which a round arched doorway was discovered and
reopened in i 876. It is almost certain that the nave,
which measured internally about 80 feet in length by
26 in breadth, had no side aisles, and that it had an
almost flat wooden roof, much higher up than the
arches that now exist on either side. At the eastern
end of the nave was a large round-headed arch, of
which the jambs and capitals remain. Beyond this
was a tower, or the place for a tower. Whether the
chancel was square or apsidal it is impossible to say.

As early as the reign of John, the church of St.
George was served by a secular priest called simply
Richard the Chaplain, Vicar of Dunster. On his
death, or resignation, in that reign, Richard, Prior
of Bath gave the " perpetual vicarage " of Dunster
to Robert de Vaus, and promised that he should have
free food at the monastic table, food for his groom
or servant, and forage for his palfrey. ^ As the monks
were not necessarily in priests' orders, and were liable
at any time to be recalled to the mother house at
Bath, it was convenient that the cure of souls and
the maintenance of services for the lay-folk, should be
entrusted to a secular vicar, nominated by the Prior
of Bath and to some extent dependent upon him, but
instituted, as to a benefice, by the Bishop of the
diocese and not liable to be removed without good
cause. The emoluments of the Vicar of Dunster
were, however, so small in the middle ages, and his
position so subordinate, that resignations were fre-
quent.

There was some controversy in 1 240 between the
monks of Bath and Sir Reynold de Mohun, the for-
mer claiming tithe of the hay of Caremore, a large
field in his demesne in the parish of Carhampton,

' Two Chartnlaries of Bath, L. 70.

388 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

tithe of the pasture of the Waterletes in the parishes
of Dunster and Carhampton, tithe of a windmill at
Kilton, and tithe of his pigs at Dunster, Carhampton
and Kilton. The question was referred by the Pope
to the Dean, the Precentor, and the Succentor of
Salisbury, who, in the following year, heard both
parties in the Lady Chapel at Glastonbury, and effect-
ed an elaborate agreement between them. ^ There
is no need to set out the details here, but it is worthy
of mention that the document contains the earliest
mention of Marshwood Park, the principal park of
the lords of Dunster, situate about a mile and a half
to the east of their Castle.

At some unspecified date. Sir Reynold de Mohun
confirmed to the church of Dunster " and to the
monks there serving God " the endowments granted
to them by his father and his ancestors, but it is
significant that his charter to that effect follows almost
word for word the charters of the third William de
Mohun, and makes no mention of Shurton or Kers-
ham. ^ By another charter, he granted to the Prior
and monks of Dunster and their successors in perpe-
tuity every tenth pig, " live or dead, " belonging to
him at Dunster, Carhampton, and Kilton, in accord-
ance with the terms of the compromise of 1241.
He also released them from the obligation of doing
suit to the court of his Hundred of Minehead, which
had not been entirely absorbed into the Hundred of
Carhampton. '

In the reign of Henry the Third, the Benedictine
monks rebuilt and enlarged the chancel of the church
of Dunster, in the prevailing style known as Early
English or First Pointed. It measured internally 50

' Mohun Cartulary. * D.C.M. XVI.

» D.C.M. XVI. 4.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 389

feet in length by 22 in breadth, being thus somewhat
narrower than the Norman nave. In the eastern
wall there were three lancet windows, the central one
higher, as usual, than the other two. There was a
row of simpler lancets in the south wall, where the
sedilia occupied the normal position. The small
sacristy on the north, which retains its ancient stone
altar, may also date from the thirteenth century,
although its doorway and windows are of much later
date. Another specimen of Early English work may
be seen in the upper part of the curious opening
between the southern transept and the south-eastern
chapel. There is, however, some reason to doubt
whether it occupies its original position.

The agreement made, in 1254, between Reynold
de Mohun and the monks of Bath mentions a chapel
of St. Lawrence in the Priory of Dunster, but does
not define its situation. ^ In course of time the
chapel of St. Lawrence became a popular chantry,
served daily by a secular chaplain, who was more or
less independent of the Prior and the Vicar alike.
Various burgages in Dunster were given or bequeath-
ed to it before the Reformation. ^

In 1276, Walter Lucy arranged with the monks
of Bath that a secular chaplain should say mass daily
at the altar of the Holy Rood, after matins, for his
soul and the souls of his wives Margery and Lucy,
Robert Lucy and Agnes his wife, Roger Lucy and
Sir John de Mohun and Eleanor his wife. ^ This
chantry is described as ' perpetual ' in 1 308, when the
chaplain received 20s. a year, but the allowance had
been reduced to 13J. 4^. by 1333.* There was no
separate endowment for it and, after a while, the Lucy

> D.C.M. XVI, I. See above, p. 31. 221.

» D.C.B. nos. 80, 91, 92, 93 ; D.C.M. ' Two Chartularies of Bath, L. 368.

XV. 5 ; Somerset Chantries, pp. 42, 219- * Ibid. L. 679, 745.

390 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

mass seems to have been undertaken by the Vicar or
one of the other secular priests connected with the
church. The altar of the Holy Rood presumably
stood at the end of the nave, close to the north-western
pier of the tower, and almost under the crucifix from
which it took its name.

By a will dated and proved in 1369, Gilbert Scutt
of Dunster directed that 3//^. of wax should be made
into two candles to burn by his corpse on the night
and the day of his burial, and afterwards to burn re-
spectively before the altar of the Holy Rood and in
the chapel of Our Lady. ^

Although a Prior of Dunster is specifically men-
tioned before 1262, it is doubtful whether the little
Benedictine house at that place had then any definite
organisation. ^ A document of the year 1330 describes
it as being of the foundation of John de Mohuii,
recently deceased, and Ada his wife, and fixes the
number of members at five, that is to say a Prior and
four brethren. ^ This was doubtless the John de
Mohun for whose soul the monks continued to
distribute 6s. %d, yearly among the poor until the
dissolution of the establishment in the reign of Henry
the Eighth. "

Under an arrangement made between 1290 and
1 30 1, the Prior and monks of Dunster used to pay
20 marks a year to the mother house at Bath for the
two churches of Carhampton, of which half a mark
was due to the chamberlain on the feast of St. Carantoc
and a like amount on the anniversary of Martin, Prior
of Dunster. ^ There is mention in the reign of Edward
the Second of a church of St. Carantoc at Carhamp-

' D.C.B. no. 12. ■• Valor Ecclesiasticus, vol. i. p. 220.

" Two Chartuhvics of Bath, L. 241. * D.C.M. xvi,3.

» Ibid. L. 694.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 391

ton. ^ The existing church is dedicated to St. John
the Baptist.

When Robert of Sutton, Prior of Bath, was turned
out of his place in order to make room for a papal
nominee, he was sent to rule the little community at
Dunster, and endued with special power to choose
his own associates. An allowance of 20/. assigned to
him, in 1332, for the increase of his position and
honour, seems to have been purely personal. ^

John de Mohun the Fifth issued three charters in
favour of the Benedictine house that stood almost
under his castle. The first of them, dated in 1341
when he was only just of full age, is a general con-
firmation of the gifts of his ancestors to the church ot
St. George and the monks, specifying all the endow-
ments mentioned above and some others, that is to
say pasture called Fowlersmarsh, land called Frackford
(situate between Dunster and Avill), a ferling of the
manor of Cutcombe at Chaldewell, another ferling
between Stentwill and Cowbridge mill, several burgages
in Dunster and the tithes of Combe and Codford. '

In this connexion it is worthy of remark that, at a
somewhat later period, the monks of Bath interpolated
a mention of the tithes of Shurton, Combe, Codford
and Exford into a copy of the charter of the first
William de Mohun. ^ Although the actual charter
has long since disappeared, the earlier copy of it at
Cambridge and several confirmations of it show clearly
that these tithes were not named as part of the original
endowment. The monks had recourse to falsification
in order to support claims of which some at any rate
needed no such assistance.

' Historical MSS. Comm. Tenth » Register of Bishop Ralph (S.R.S.)

Report, App. vi, p. 73 ; Leiand's Itin- pp. 121, 176.

erary ; Savage's Hundred of Carhamp- * Dugdale's M(5»a5//co7i,vol. iv. p.202.

/on, p. 287. * Tivo Chartularics of Bath, L. 8:^4.

392 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii

By a second charter, dated in August 1342, John
de Mohun remitted to the Benedictine monks a yearly-
rent of Ss. dd. due to him from burgages which they
had acquired in the town of Dunster, and a yearly
rent of lib. of pepper from Kilton. He also gave
them common of pasture on Croydon for all their
beasts at Cowbridge, pasture on Grabbist, and twelve
cartloads of windfall wood for fuel from Marsh wood
Park, and the ' foreign ' woods of Dunster, provided
that the carts should not be too large to be drawn by
two horses. ^ His third charter was merely a con-
firmation of the second, and the necessity for its issue
is not obvious. ^

In connexion with the endowments of the Priory,
it may here be mentioned that the monastic estate in
Dunster and the neighbourhood was a manor quite
distinct from that of the Mohuns and Luttrells.
None of the original court-rolls remain, but some
extracts from them record the admission of tenants
for life. ^ On the other hand, the Priory was merely
a * cell ' subordinate to the larger establishment at
Bath, whose Prior and Convent sometimes exercised
the right of granting leases, corrodies, and the like. *

There is mention in 1 345 of the sumptuous build-
ings erected by Adam of Cheddar, who had been
appointed Prior of Dunster some eight years before. ^
It is, however, uncertain whether these were at Duns-
ter or at Bath, where he then occupied the office of
Chamberlain of the great Benedictine house. The
earliest existing remains of the monastic buildings at
the former place date only from the first half of the
fifteenth century.

Adam of Cheddar may have had something to do

1 D.C.M. XVI. 3. ^ Two Chartttlaries of Bath, passim.

D.C.M. XVI. 6. * Ibid. L. 780, 876, 880.

D.C.M. VIII. 2 ; D.C.B. no. 51.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 393

with the erection of the great piers connected with
pointed arches that carry the central tower of the
church. From the fact that there are four such arches,
uniform in size and design, it is clear that the build-
ing was intended to be cruciform at the time of their
erection in the middle of the fourteenth century or
soon after. The two eastern piers are supported by
angle-buttresses which project through the chancel
into the chapels on either side of it. The other two
piers are built against the massive Norman work at
the eastern end of the nave, and consequently occupy
a larger space.

In January 1357, as it appears, a very interesting
agreement (pees) was made, in the presence of Sir
John de Mohun, between Richard of Childeston, Prior
of Dunster, and the monks on the one side, and the
parishioners on the other, with regard to the services
of the church, the provision of lights, and the repair
and maintenance of the aisles (les eles) and the central
tower [ie clocher) . ^ The following is a summary of
the terms which are recorded in clumsy French : —

(i) On festivals and Sundays, the Prior and the
monks shall begin their service at such a time that
high mass may be said in summer, between Easter
and Michaelmas, by the hour of tierce (nine o'clock),
and in winter, between Michaelmas and Easter, by
twelve o'clock {kur de midy ou nonne) at latest. The

' The agreement is dated " in the with that of the lower part of the

thirteenth year of the reign of King existing tower. Furthermore it should

Edward, Friday next after the feast of be observed that in 1302 the feast of

St. Wulstan. " The absence of any .St. Wulstan fell on a Friday and that

numeral after the name of the King in the week following there came the

suggests that it may have been drawn feast of the Conversion of St. Paul, far

up in 1302, and Richard of Childeston more important in the calendar. In

may be identified with a certain 1357, there was a Friday only one day

' Richard ', who was Prior of Dunster after the feast of St. Wulstan. This

in 1301. On the other hand, the use year seems on the whole the more

of the French language suggests the probable of the two.
later date, which would agree better

394 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

monk who is to perform the high mass shall bless the
water, and shall sprinkle it throughout the church if
the Vicar be not ready to do so. The Prior, the
monks, and the Vicar shall unite in one procession,
after which the high mass shall be begun at the altar
of St. George. There the parishioners shall make
their offerings four times a year. On festivals, the
Vicar may begin to say mass privately at the altar
of the Holy Rood for his parishioners after the reading
of the gospel at the high mass.

(2) At Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Trinity, and
the feasts of St. John Baptist and Sts. Peter and Paul,
the parishioners shall provide two candles (cirges), and
the Prior a third, to burn on the altar of St. George
at vespers, at matins, at the high mass, and at the
second vespers, and at these festivals the parishioners
shall provide candles (chandeles) for the choir as necess-
ity may require. On the three days before Easter,
the parishioners shall provide all the lights for the
hearse {la herte) except the ' Judas, ' which the Prior
and the monks shall provide, and the parishioners
shall provide candles for the choir, any remains being
saved. The parishioners shall provide one half of the
Paschal Candle, and the monks the other half. After
the feast of the Trinity, any of the wax of the Paschal
Candle remaining over shall be divided evenly between
the monks and the parishioners. The parishioners
shall provide a lamp to burn before the altar of St.
George at night for ever, and the monks shall provide
another lamp to burn there by day. For other lights,
the parishioners shall give to the Prior and monks
two pounds of wax at Michaelmas yearly for ever.

(3) The Prior shall repair and roof (cover a) the
tower suitably without defect, and shall receive from
the parishioners 8 marks in three instalments. He

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 395

shall roof and for ever maintain (amenderd) the chapel
of Our Lady and the dorter aisle {la ele dortur) . The
parishioners shall for ever maintain the chapel of
St. Leonard and the aisle between the chapel of St.
Lawrence and the tower.

The terms of the agreement point to the existence
of the usual rivalry between the regular and the secular
clergy, the parishioners sympathising with the latter.
The monks had their stalls in the chancel, or, far less
probably, beneath the unfinished tower, and they had
the exclusive right to use the altar of St. George for
high mass, with deacon and subdeacon and music,
while the vicar was restricted to saying low mass in
the nave of the church. Nevertheless his was the
more popular service, as shown by the monks' stipu-
lation that the lay-folk should contribute to the
offertory at their mass four times a year.

The ' hearse ' mentioned above was a triangular
frame for the candles used at the service called Tenebra
on three afternoons in Holy Week, and the ' Judas '
was apparently a false candle connected therewith.
As it is not likely that the great Paschal Candle was
to be made in two sections, we must suppose that each
of the parties to the agreement was to contribute an
equal amount of wax towards it, the surplus being
divisible between them after it had burned for the
appointed period. ^

Proceeding to important questions with regard to
the fabric of the church, the agreement presupposes
that the monks were responsible for the maintenance
of the chancel, and the parishioners for that of the

' For notices of the 'Judas', see pp. 168-170 ; Feasey's //o/>' W^cft Ccj-tf-

Archaeologia, vol. xiv. p. 119; vol. i. moiiial, p. 91 ; Micklethwaite's Orna-

p. 44 ; iVtw English Dictionary, s. v ; nients of lite Rubric, p. 53.
Fowler's Memorials of Ripon, vol. iii. - See Customary 0] St. Aiigtistiiie's,

p.2i2;Woids\\'orth'& Medieval Scn'ices, Canterbury, p. 121.

396 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

nave. Both parties were interested in the tower. In
the division of liability for the rest of the church, the
monks undertook the Lady Chapel and the adjoining
northern transept, styled the ' dorter aisle ', whence
a flight of steps presumably led up to their ' dorter ',
or dormitory. The parishioners undertook the south-
ern transept giving access to the chapel of St. Law-
rence, which may be located to the east of it.

Whatever Richard of Childeston may have done
to the tower, most of it dates only from the fifteenth
century. In the heart of the north-western pier
there is a spiral staircase leading from the nave to the
roof. A four-centred doorway some way up on the
southern side of it formerly gave access to a roodloft,
or gallery, stretching across to the south-western pier.
The date of this wooden structure, long since removed,
is fixed by the will of William Pynsoun " citizen of
Dunster, " who, in 1420, bequeathed 6s. 8^. to the
work of the new loft of the Holy Rood fad opus tiovi
solarii Sancte CrucisJ in the church there. ^

Below the roodloft, or rather a little eastward of
it, there was the usual open screen, the former situa-
tion of which is marked by notches on the western
archway of the tower. The roodloft and this screen
were probably connected by a deep cove, purely orna-
mental, but giving an appearance of support to the
upper part of the lofty structure. A screen now
standing under the eastern arch of the south transept,
and clearly dating from the first half of the fifteenth
century, may be identified with that which was

' The very indifferent scholar who and Priory, p. 14.) William Hamper,

transcribed this will in 1716 was in the of Birminfjham, who obtained pos-

first instance unable to decipher the session of the original will, has fortun-

last of the Latin words quoted above, ately given a quotation from it which

and afterwards guessed it to be Trini- is clearly more correct. (Gentleman's

talis. D.C.B. no. 16. Mr. Hancock Magazine, vol. Ixxviii. p. 877.)
has followed him. (Dunster Chnrch

X

:)

ci

X

UJ

D

X

O
(0

{)

id

ai

S

UJ

Uh

s

r/2

c

:z

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 397

then set up under the western archway of the tower.

WilHam Pynsoun mentioned above further be-
queathed 40J-. to the building of a new bell-tower and
20s. towards a new bell.' The lower stage of the
tower above the roof of the church has a window of
two lights on each of its four sides, and was clearly
built about this period.

In 1443, the parish of Dunster resolved to com-
plete the work, and accordingly entered into a con-
tract with a certain John Marys of Stoke Courcy for
the addition of two upper stages. According to the
terms of this interesting document written in English,
the tower was to be a hundred feet high above the
' gras-tabyl ' or plinth. There were to be three
' French ' buttresses, that is to say angle-buttresses
* fining, ' or diminishing, at the ' water-table, ' or
string-course, and three ' gargylles, ' one at each angle.
In the fourth angle there was to be a ' vice, ' or
spiral staircase. The top of the tower was to be
adorned with a ' batylment ' and four ' pynacles, ' one
of which was to be placed ' upon the vice, after
reson and gode proportion. ' On the first new stage,
called 'the first flore,' there were to be two windows,
one on the north side and the other on the south,
each of one * day, ' or light, with four ' genelas, ' or
cusps. At the ' bell-bed ' there were to be four win-
dows, each of two ' days ' separated by a ' moynell '
or mullion, and further divided horizontally by a
'trawnsom' designed by a freemason named Richard
Pope. The main walls to be built by Marys were to
be 4 feet thick up to the ' bell-bed ' and 3 feet 6
inches thick above. The parish undertook to provide
all the material and the necessary appliances, such as
' ropes, poleys, winchchys ' and the like, and to pay

» D.C.B. no. 16.

398 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

Marys 1 3^. 4<^. per foot for ' workemanchyppe, '
with 20J-. extra for carving the pinnacles. ' JHe had
apparently only one or two assistants, and he was
allowed three years for the completion of the work. ^

The absence in this elaborate contract of any allusion
to the lower stage of the tower may fairly be taken
to show that it was already in existence. On the
other hand the reference to the ' gras-tabyl ' as a level
from which measurements could be taken is worthy
of notice.

Both the transepts appear to have been rebuilt or
altered shortly after the completion of the tower.
The southern one, being visible from the town, is
the more ornamented of the two, and has on the outside
a canopied niche on either side of a large window
over the door. The north-eastern chapel, presumably
the Lady Chapel, must also have been rebuilt
in the middle of the fifteenth century, the arch which
connects it with the' northern transept being purer
in style than most of the Perpendicular work in the
church. About the same time, a large window was
inserted in the eastern wall of the chancel and another
over the western door. The chapel of St. Lawrence
on the east side of the southern transept seems to
have been enlarged and rebuilt in the later part of
the fifteenth century. The octagonal font in the nave
seems also to date from the same period.

One remarkable fact in connexion with the contract
of 1443 is that it contains no reference whatever to
the Prior and Convent of Dunster. The monks had
apparently relaxed their interest in the western part
of the church. A will of John Batelyn of Dunster,

' Arclicvologkal Journal, vol. xxxviii, first stage to be built by Marj's. Those

p. 217, from D.C.B. no. 15. The walls of the lower and earlier stage are

of the clockchamber are 4 feet thick, 6 inches thicker, and the arches that

thus corresponding with those of the carry the tower are 4 feet 9 inches thick.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 399

made in 1420, is interesting as bequeathing a pair of
silver cruets apiece to the high altar, the parochial
altar, and the altar of St. Lawrence. ^ We may fairly
infer that these were the altars at which he was wont
to worship on particular days or at particular hours.
The ' parochial altar ' was presumably that or the
Holy Rood mentioned in the formal agreement of
the previous century. In the ordinary course, the
high altar was served by a monk, the parochial altar
by the Vicar, and the altar of St. Lawrence by its own
chaplain. The altar of Our Lady had no special
priest attached to it, and was probably served by one
of the monks.

Later in the fifteenth century, a chantry was found-
ed at the altar of the Holy Trinity, which is described
vaguely as situate " in the parochial church of Duns-
ter. " Its exact position there is not defined. The
founders of it appear to have been Henry Frank and
Christina his wife, and William Cadman alias Gierke
and Alice his wife. Some of the original trustees had
died before 1491, when the survivors assigned the
endowments to a secular chaplain named Richard
Baker for the term of his life. His primary duty
was to celebrate mass daily for the founders and the
trustees at the altar of the Holy Trinity, but he was
also bound to assist "in the choir" of the "parochial
church " on Sundays and holy days " with the other
priests, " presumably the monks, and the chaplain of
the chantry of St. Lawrence. ^

In the reign of Henry the Seventh, the Prior and
Convent of Bath applied to the Lord Privy Seal for
remedy of certain wrongs which, they said, had been
done to their brethren at Dunster. Their main griev-
ances were : —

' D.C.M. VIII. 2. document in Mr. Hancock's book (p. 15.

* D.C.B. no. 94. The version of this is unfortunate.

400 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

(i) That, whereas the Prior had been wont to re-
ceive a fee of 6s. 8^/. " for breking of the grounde " in
the church " for every sepulture there made, " certain
persons had taken upon themselves " to breke the
said grounde " without his " licence or favour, " and
without payment to him.

(2) That the parishioners had caused holy water to
be " halowed within the bodie of the churche, con-
trarie to tholde custome and to there composicion. "

(3) That they had withdrawn their customary
offerings to the Prior " at wedynges and at bury-
ynges, as was wele shewd at the buryyng of the
modre of Maistir Loty, gentilman. "

(4) That they would not suffer any citation or
privy seal " to be executed there within a certeyn
brigge. "

(5) That " to fulfill and satisfie theire croked appe-
tites, thei toke up the bell roopis and said that the
Priour and Convent there shuld have no bellis there
to ryng. "

The principal persons banded together were stated
to be " Sir William Harries, vicary there, wiche bathe
cure of there soules, and shuld move and councell
them to be of better condicions to Goddes pleasure, "
but who " contrary to his dewtie comfortethe them
in theire ill doinges and wulnot that they shuld be
refourmed to a better and a more godlie way; Thomas
Upcote, merchaunt; Thomas Kodogon, yeoman; John
Withur, baker ; Adam Wilkyns, clothemaker ; Wil-
liam Crasse, bocher ; Symond Pers, yoman ; John
Greyme,yoman; John Philippis, tanner; John Paynter,
harbour; John Morgan, parker ; Martyn Glover." *

No answer on behalf of these persons has been
preserved. We may, however, reasonably suppose

' star Chamber Proceedings, Hen. vn. no. 122.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 401

them to have contended that the complainants had
no concern with weddings, funerals, and other services
conducted by the Vicar in the body of the church,
that is to say in the part lying to the west of the
chancel in which the monks had their stalls and said
their offices. With regard to the bells, it has been
seen already that the upper part of the central tower
in which they hung had been built at the cost of
the parish, and that the staircase leading up to them
was accessible only from the nave.

There seems to be some error as to the Christian
name of the chief offender. A certain Richard
Harris was Vicar of Dunster from 1485 to 1494 ;
William Harris, clerk, who is mentioned in a local
court-roll of 1509, was probably one of the chantry
priests. ^ It may be noted by the way that Thomas
Upcot, Thomas Codogan, yeoman of the Crown, an
ancestor of Earl Cadogan, Simon Pers and John
Gryme alike left money to the Prior of Dunster by
wills proved in the earlier years of the sixteenth
century. ^ John Wyther the baker, their associate,
is commemorated by a brass in the church bearing
the following inscription : —

Of gour c^drite pxa^ for t$e bouUb of %o^n
Wgt^er et (^^nts §10 wgf et %o^n Wgt^er t^eir
efbest 0one, yo^obc Bobgc restget^ unber i^ia etone
anno bomini tniffefitmo ccccfxxxm) ptnudimo bte §ti(ft
emBrie txv^ci(Xnbo generdfem reBurrecconem mortuorum
et loitam eterndtn, dmen*

Above this are the figures of a man and a woman. ^

1 D.C.M. XIII. 3. mental Brasses, vol. ii. p. 179. See the

* Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. ii.pp. cuts of them on the ne.xt page. John

60, 139, 158, 175. Wyther was amerced 20fi. in 1448 for

» Haines thinks that the figures were buying corn in Dunster market before

not engraved until about 1520, and 9 o'clock. D.M.C. xii. 3. John Wyther

suggests a doubt whether the inscrip- the younger made his will in 1532.

tion refers to them. Manual of Monu- Weavers I17(7/s H7//.s, p. 72.

402

A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

Fresh disputes between the monks and the lay-folk
arose ere long, and it was eventually agreed to refer
the questions at issue to arbitration. On the one
side were the Prior and Convent of the cathedral
church of Bath, impropriators of the church of

JOHN WYTHER

AGNES WYTHER

Dunster, and Dan Thomas Browne and the Convent
of the cell of Dunster, who are explicitly described
as removeable at the pleasure of the superior author-
ity. On the other side were William Bond, Vicar
of the parish church of Dunster, and Sir Hugh Lut-

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 403

trell, the representative of the inhabitants of the
town. The three arbitrators chosen were Richard,
Abbot of Glastonbury, Thomas Tremayle, one of the
king's justices, and Thomas Gilbert, a doctor of canon
law. ^ By their means an agreement was made at
Glastonbury on the 4th of April 1498 and ratified
by the five seals of the Prior and Convent of Bath,
the Prior and Convent of Dunster, the Vicar of
Dunster, Sir Hugh Luttrell, and the parish of Dun-
ster. The terms, set out at considerable length in
legal phraseology, were to the following eff^ect : —

(i)That the Vicar, renouncing all previous endow-
ments, should receive from the Prior of Dunster an
allowance of 8/. a year, paid quarterly, and should
continue to occupy the house in which he then lived,
upon condition of keeping it in repair, and, if neces-
sary, of rebuilding it.

(2) That the Vicar should have all offerings made by
devout lay folk for the celebration of obits, trentals,
anniversaries, private masses, and prayers, known as
" the bederaele penys, " the Prior and Convent con-
tinuing to receive other ecclesiastical payments due
to them as impropriators of the church.

(3) That the Vicar should have a choir independent
{separatum) of the Prior and monks, to be made and
maintained at the cost of the parishioners " in the
nave of the church, that is to say at the altar of St.
James the Apostle, which is situate on the south side
of the door (hostium) which leads from the choir of
the monks into the nave of the church. "

(4) That in this choir the Vicar, having the cure of
souls, should, without interference on the part of the
Prior and monks, administer the sacraments and

* Thomas Tremayle was the owner in 1509. D.C.M. xiil. 3.
of 8J burgages in Dunster. He died

404 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

celebrate sacramentals, to wit the hallowing of water,
bread, candles at the Purification, ashes on the first
Wednesday in Lent, flowers and boughs, and the con-
secration of fonts, receiving the customary offerings
on behalf of the Prior and monks.

(5) That the Vicar and the parishioners should be
free to make processions from their choir in the church
or in the graveyard on any day of the year except on
thirteen important festivals, to wit those of Christ-
mas, Epiphany, Palm Sunday, Easter, Ascension Day,
Whitsunday, Trinity Sunday, Corpus Christi, the
Purification, St. George, the Assumption, All Saints,
and the Dedication of the Church, on each of which
there was to be a joint procession in the church or
in the graveyard according to season and weather.
On these days, the little band of monks " coming
through the middle of their own choir " was to be
met by the rest of the congregation as they began to
issue through (egredi) " the door {liostium) on the
north side " of the new parochial choir. Then the
bearer of the monks' cross and the bearer of the parish
cross were to walk side by side, followed by the
clerks, the Vicar, the monks, the Prior and the lay
folk. On their return, the two bodies were to
separate at " the same door, " the monks passing
through {tngredientibus) it and the Vicar and his
clerks returning to their choir, to finish divine service. ^

Under this new system, the parishioners were
released from any obligation to attend mass in the
chancel, and the Vicar was empowered to celebrate
high mass in the western part of the church, even on
the principal festivals of the ecclesiastical year.

The arrangements made by the arbitrators of 1498
were materially altered a few years later. By an

' Register of Bishop King, f. 45.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 405

ordinance issued in i 5 i 2, Cardinal Hadrian de Castello,
Bishop of Bath and Wells, reduced the yearly stipend
of the Vicar of Dunster from 8/. to 4/. On the
other hand he decreed that the Vicar should receive
free meals in the monastic refectory, sitting at table
below the Prior and brethren, but sharing in their food
and in the refreshments provided by the fireside in
the winter evenings. He also assigned to the Vicar
a small meadow, a rent of 2s. from a fulling-mill and
the rent of the former vicarage, the Prior being
required to provide for him a room adjoining the
graveyard. Furthermore the payments made by the
lay-folk for the publication of the ' Bedrolle ' after
the Gospel at high mass, and the offerings made by
them when going to confession in Lent, were specifi-
cally made over to the Vicar. ^

The award of 1498 had important and lasting
effects upon the church of Dunster, the parishioners
soon proceeding to remodel all the western part of it
in order to suit their new requirements. There is
reason to believe that, in the early part of the sixteenth
century, they lowered the Norman walls of the nave,
connecting them with a new wooden roof, and that
they built, or rebuilt, an aisle on either side.

In I 504, Thomas Upcot of Dunster bequeathed ten
tons of iron to the fabric of the church of St. George,
" that is to the new aisle there to be built or repaired
on the north side, " on condition that the work should
be undertaken within three years. ^ The use of the
word ' repair ' seems to indicate that there was already
an adjunct to the nave on this side. In any case it
is not likely that the monks would have allowed the
parishioners to encroach upon their ground for an

Register of Bishop Hadrian, f. 104. p. 60.
Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. ii.

4o6 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

extension of the church. As reconstructed, the north-
ern aisle is separated from the eastern part of the
old nave by four Perpendicular arches resting on
three pillars with capitals of an ordinary type. A
debased capital to the eastern respond testifies to the
lateness of the work. The aisle is lighted by a win-
dow in its western wall, and four windows in the
northern wall, the latter not uniform in size. At its
eastern end the aisle communicates with the northern
transept.

In 1509, John Gryme of Frackford bequeathed a
considerable sum to the fabric of Dunster Church,
and, some eight year later, his relict followed his
example, while specifically limiting her bequest to
the repair of the aisle of the Holy Trinity.^ A docu-
ment of the year 1537, written during the short
period when there were two distinct churches under
one roof, describes the chantry of the Holy Trinity
as being in the ' parochial ' church of Dunster, and
so presumably in the non-monastic section. * It may
thus be located either on the northern or on the
southern side of the nave. In the reign of Edward
the Sixth, there is mention of the Chantry of the
Trinity or St. George, which may have got its second
dedication after the exclusion of the laity from the
chancel containing the original altar of St. George. ^

It has been seen that the award of 1498 directed
the Vicar and parishioners to make a new choir in the
nave of the church at the altar of St. James, which
must have stood against the south-western pier of the
tower, parallel with the altar of the Holy Rood
standing against the north-western pier. In order to
do this they set up a very handsome oaken screen of

• Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. ii. * D.C.B. no. 17.

pp. 139, 193. ' Somerset Chantnes (S.R.S.), p. 221.

X

u

D .

5 ^
2:

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 407

fifteen unequal compartments stretching, like others
in this county, right across the building, and sur-
mounted by a loft or gallery. A small head of
St. James may still be seen in one of its spandrels
facing westward. There are three pairs of doors in
this screen, one opposite to the centre of the north
aisle, the second opposite to the centre of the nave,
and the third approximately opposite to the centre of
the south aisle. Over the middle pair of doors the
gallery projects eastward, and it has been suggested
that the additional space there provided was intended
for an organ. ^ On the other hand it is possible that,
on the completion of the screen in the early part of
the sixteenth century, the great rood was removed to
it from its former position on a beam between the two
western piers of the tower.

The gallery over the new screen was formerly
approached by a spiral staircase in a turret which
projects into the churchyard from the outer wall of
the south aisle. Between this turret and the western
wall of the transept there are three windows differing
in size, in design, and in date. Internally the south
aisle is separated from the nave by six arches some-
what similar to the four arches on the north side, but
not opposite to them. If the southern arcade had
been made to correspond with the northern, the cent-
ral part of the gallery over the screen would have
been difficult of access.

In the four western bays of the southern aisle,
there is some attempt at symmetry of plan, but even
there the work shows signs of haste. A flat wooden
roof divided into panels and enriched with carving
fits the aisle badly, having no wall-plate on the north
or on the south. On the whole it seems probable that

' Proceedings of the Somerset Archccological Society, vol. lii. p. 66.

4o8 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

both the aisles were largely composed of old materials
put together without much skill. Fragments of
round shafts, possibly relics of a Norman clerestory to
the nave, may be recognised in the south wall, and
the stonework of several windows may have come
from demolished chapels of the fifteenth century.
The debased capital of the eastern respond of the
southern arcade, inscribed with the letter ' M ', is
obviously later than the other capitals in line with it.
The south porch may be ascribed to the reign of
Henry the Eighth, or even to that of James the
First.

In no less than nine wills executed by inhabitants
of Dunster between the years 1531 and 1534, there
are legacies to " the four lights " in the parish church. ^
Other wills refer to one or more of them by name,
and three wills executed between the years 1509 and
I 5 17 specify their respective dedications : —

The Light of St. George, the original patron of
the undivided church.

The Light of Our Lady.

The Light of the Holy Rood, called also the Light
of the High Cross.

The Dead Light, called also the Light of Devotion. '
It may be further identified with the Light of' Wex-
silver ' which is mentioned in the will of Ralph of
Cogston, executed in 1348.' In some parishes of
Somerset, a similar light was called the light of All
Souls. *

In 1 5 10, there was a Light of St. Leonard in the
Priory Church of Dunster, presumably in the monastic
section, whereas those of Our Lady and St. George are

» Weaver's Wells Wills, pp. 76-80. » D.C.B. no. it.

* Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. ii. * Weaver's Wells Wills, p. vii.

pp. 131. '58. 175, l«o. 193-

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 409

distinctly stated at the same time to have been in the
parochial section, as were indeed the other two. ^

An image of St. Christopher is mentioned in 141 9,
but its position is not defined. '

The Benedictine monks of Dunster were ejected in
the early part of 1539, their Prior having signed
the deed of surrender in company with the Prior,
the Sub-prior and the other monks of the mother
house at Bath. No inventory has been preserved of
the furniture, ornaments and books found in the
Priory, but it would be possible to trace in detail the
subsequent history of its more valuable possessions.
The endowments were in the first instance divided
into three sections and committed to laymen, to be
made profitable to the Crown. One section, consist-
ing entirely of temporalities, comprised the manor of
Alcombe and various lands in the parishes of Dunster
and Cutcombe that had been let out to farmers. A
second section, consisting entirely of spiritualities, was
limited to the rectory of Carhampton. The remain-
ing section, consisting partly of temporalities and
partly of spiritualities, is the only one of which it is
proposed to treat in this place. It comprised the site
of the Priory, with its demesnes and the rectories of
Dunster and Kilton, all of which were committed to
John Luttrell, a younger brother of Sir Andrew
Luttrell of Dunster Castle, then lately deceased. '

After rendering an account at Michaelmas 1939,
which was duly examined, John Luttrell obtained
from the Crown a definite lease of the premises for

^Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. ii. of S.John attached to Dunster Church "

p. 142. as stated there (p. 17). At any rate one

' D.C.B. no. 16. There is a longer of the two quotations ^'iven in support

list of lights in Hancock's Dunster of the theory refers neither to the

Church and Priory (p. 39), but several Baptist nor to the Evangelist of that

of those mentioned there were actually name, but to the lord of the neigh-

at Carhampton. It is also very doubl- bouring manor of Luccombe.
ful whether there was ever " a chantry ' Dugdale's Monasticoii,\o\. iv. p. 202.

41 o A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

twenty-one years, at a rent exactly corresponding with
the nett revenue shown in that account, the whole
amounting to i 3/. i 5^. ']d. Out of this amount 3/.
were payable in respect of the rectory of Kilton, con-
cerning which nothing further need be said here.
The other two sub-sections may be considered separ-
ately.

Under the terms of the lease dated 28 October
1539, John Luttrell was to pay 3/. 13^. \d. yearly
for " the site of the late house, or priory, or cell, of
Dunster now dissolved, with all houses, buildings,
barns, yards, orchards, gardens, land and ground
within the precinct of the same, " land called Wag-
londes, a close under ' le Conynger, ' a close above
the highway, a close at the head of the same, and
lands called Le Dene, Hyllyberes, Lower Hillebouer,
Alger, Gillechappell, Clerkelome, Foxgrove, Lynche,
les Hams, Awcombe Meade, and Birchehame, all
situate in Dunster and recently in the occupation of
the Prior. The Crown reserved all large trees grow-
ing on the property thus demised, but undertook to
provide timber sufficient for necessary repairs. ^ It may
fairly be presumed that the lessee saw his way to get-
ting somewhat more out of the land than it was
yielding when he first entered upon it. Furthermore,
he got the empty buildings of the Priory, on the
north side of the church, as a residence for himself
and his family.

Although the confiscated monastic property yielded
a considerable revenue, the Crown was generally
willing to sell outright, a lump sum of money in
hand being preferred to a rent, however regular.
Thus, when a very small part of John Luttrell's term
had expired, the King, in March 1543, arranged to

' Augmentation Office, Miscellaneous Books, 212, ff 2d.^ 3.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 411

sell the rent and also the reversion of the Priory and
demesnes of Dunster. The purchaser was Humphrey
Colles, gentleman, who undertook to pay close upon
a thousand pounds, a very large sum at that time, for
these and other former monastic possessions in the
west of England. The property at Dunster conveyed
to him was that specified in the lease of 1539, the
only reservation to the Crown being a rent of 7J. 4^.,
which was exactly a tenth of the rent payable by
John Luttrell. ^

An examination of the proceedings of Humphrey
Colles, after the issue of letters patent in his favour,
makes it perfectly clear that in most cases he was
merely an agent for persons who thought that they
could purchase monastic property on better terms
through him than in their own names. Each of the
principals got his or her pre-arranged share. Within
a few days of the date of the grant to Colles, he
obtained licence to transfer his rights at Dunster to
Dame Margaret Luttrell, the relict of Sir Andrew
and the mother of the actual lord of Dunster. ^

Thenceforward John Luttrell rendered no account
to the Court of Augmentations of the rent payable
by him for the site and the demesnes of the Priory,
debiting himself only with 'js. 4^. a year described
as ' tithe, ' payable to the Crown and of course deduct-
ed by him from the rent which he paid to his sister-
in-law. ^

Lady Luttrell presumably obtained actual possession
of the Priory in 1560. Under a settlement effected
by her, and under her will, it passed at her death to
her grandson George Luttrell, and it has ever since

• Patent Roll, 34 Hen. VIII. part 11, was party to a fine for the settlement
m. 19. of Lady Luttrell's dower in 1542.

* Ibid, part 2, m. 19; D.C.M. xvi. 10. ' Ministers' Accounts, Hen. VIII.
Colles may have been a solicitor. He nos. 3 148-3 150.

412 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

been regarded as an integral part of the Luttrell
estate. ^ After the determination of John Luttrell's
lease, the duty of collecting the rent of 7^. 4^. was
transferred to the Sheriff.

Reverting now to the year 1539, it is necessary to
trace briefly the subsequent history of the rectory of
Dunster as distinguished from the Priory and its
lands. The lease of that year assigned to John
Luttrell for twenty-one years the tithes of sheaves,
wool and lambs, and all other small tithes of Avill,
Ellicombe, Alcombe, Staunton and Medyet, of the
demesne lands of Minehead, Lophall (sic), Skyllacre,
and Dunster fields, and of the mill of Dunster, the
Lordesfeld, and Exford. The rent for these was fixed
at 7/. 2s. 3^., being the nett amount which they had
yielded in the previous year, when John Luttrell was
merely agent for the Crown. The lessee was, more-
over, made responsible for the payment of a salary
of 8/. to the Vicar of Dunster, and i os. 9^. yearly to
the Archdeacon of Taunton for procurations and
synodals. ^ The Crown remained liable for all other
expenses incident to an impropriate rectory.

Early in the reign of Edward the Sixth, a certain
Nicholas Gravener made overtures for the purchase
of the reversion of the rectory of Dunster, but the
negotiation came to nothing, and, after surrender of
the subsisting lease and payment of a fine, John Luttrell
obtained a fresh lease for twenty-one years, to run
from 1552. ^ He died six years later, and it would
appear that his relict Elizabeth eventually parted with
her interest in the unexpired term of the lease.

In 1560, the rectory and the tithes, or rather the

> D.C.M. XVI. II, 17 ; Patent Roll, Books, 212. ff. 2d., 3.

16 Eliz. part 12 ; Brown's Som«rst;/s/»re ' Augmentation Office, Particulars

Wills, vol. vi. p. 15. for Grants, file 1645 ; Miscellaneous

' Augmentation Office, Miscellaneous Books, 224, f. 144</.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 413

reversions of them, were sold by the Crown to John
Fytz, esquire, and George Fytz his brother. ' The
purchasers were lawyers of the Inner Temple, and
there is no reason to suppose that they had any idea
of retaining the tithes of the parish in the extreme
west of Somerset. Like Humphrey Colles, they were
probably intermediaries. Within a few months of
the grant to them, George Sydenham and Elizabeth
his wife conveyed to Hugh Stewkley, gentleman,
various houses, barns, orchards, lands and rents in
Dunster, Carhampton, Minehead and Exford, common
of pasture in Dunster, and also the rectory of Dunster,
with tithes of sheaves, hay, wool, and lambs and all
other small tithes. By the fine levied for this pur-
pose, they warranted the premises against themselves
and their heirs, and against John and George Fytz
and their heirs. *

Hugh Stewkley must have purchased the remainder
of John Luttrell's lease in or before 1566, for in
October of that year, fourteen of the inhabitants of
Dunster, on behalf of the town and borough, issued
a public manifesto against him : —

"We of the foresaid towne and borough of Dunster have
in cure churche ben verie well and orderlie served with
suche devine service as ought to be, untill that here of late
one Master Hewgh Stuclie, gentilman, pourchased of oure
sovereyne ladie the Quine the personage of the same, being
not so lytill worthe as one hunderethe marks by the yeare,
to the whiche all tythes and other duties of the churche are
solie paied, and nothing reserved or allowed for the fynd-
inge of a curat to serve the cure but onlie eight poundes
being paied out of the saide personage, which pention is not
sufficient for the mayntenennce of a curat, so that by the
same means the cure of Dunster aforesaide, being the hed
churche of the Denerie and having heretofore thre curates

' Patent Roll, 2 Eliz. part 5, m. 41. Eliz.

* Feet of Fines, Somerset, Trinity, 3

414 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

continuallie therein serving, is now altogether unserved, to
the infringlnge of the Quine's majestie's prosedinge and
great disquiet of us her lovinge subjects. " ^

The three curates mentioned above must have
been the Vicar and the chaplains of the chantries of
St. Lawrence and the Holy Trinity, these chaplains
being the spiritual pastors of their respective guilds.
In 1509, John Gryme of Frackford in Dunster
describes a certain Sir John Holcomb, who was not
Vicar of the parish, as his confessor and " curate "
there. ^

Since the suppression of the chantries in the reign of
Edward the Sixth, there had never been more than
one resident priest, and it seems doubtful whether
any one had received a definite appointment there
since the death of John Ryce, the Vicar, in 1561.
The Prior and Convent of Bath had in previous cent-
uries presented successive Vicars designate of Dunster
to the Bishop for institution as to a benefice. After
the suppression of the monasteries, however, it was
held that such procedure was unnecessary in this
case. No part of the tithes had been assigned to the
Vicar ; there was no house for him, and hardly any
endowment. Under these circumstances, the Vicar-
age was suppressed, the lay impropriator being obliged
to provide a stipendiary curate, not requiring institu-
tion and removeable at his pleasure.

Hugh Stewkley's answer to the remonstrance ot
1566 has not been preserved, but he may well have
disputed the assertion that the rectory was worth over
a hundred marks a year. It had been valued at 17/.
5 J. 8^. gross in 1535, when the Vicar's salary absorb-
ed 4/. I3J-. 4^. and at 7/. 2s. 3^. nett in 1539 when

• D.C.M. XIV. 14. p. 139.

* Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. ii.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 415

the Vicar's salary had been raised to 8/. because he
no longer received free food at the Priory. ^

Hugh Stewkley was never backward in asserting
his rights as lay rector. His son-in-law, George
Luttrell, had not long come of age when he presented
him with a list of the dues that he claimed from
him : —

(i) Agistment of Dunster Park for all cattle feeding
there, and the shoulder of every deer killed, on the
ground that the South Lawn had been under cultivat-
ion at the end of the reign of Henry the Eighth.

(2) Agistment of the Park at the rate of a penny in
the shilling on its value.

(3) Tithe of the bailiff of Dunster, the keeper of the
park, and all servants, at the rate of a penny in the
shilling on half of their wages.

(4) Agistment of Dunster mills at the rate of a
penny in the shilling on the rental.

(5) Agistment of the Waterlete and Caremore (near
the sea). A fee of 53^. 4^. for the stewardship of
the lands late of Sir John Luttrell, out of the manor
of Dunster.

(6) Tithe of conies in the warren, and of the
demesne lands of the manor of Minehead between the
Whitehouse and Minehead Lane, near the sea.

He also took the opportunity of asserting that three
houses in the churchyard belonged to him as parson. '

It does not appear how many of these claims were
eventually admitted. In actual practice, some of the
tithes due to the impropriator from the Luttrell
demesnes were set off against burgage rents due from
him as a freeholder to the lord of the manor. In
1728 "the modus due to Sir Hugh Stewkley's heirs
for Dunster Hanger " amounted to i 5^.

• Valor EcclesiasticHS, vol. i. p. 220. ' D.C.M. xiv. 6.

4i6 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

A return of the year 1634 "concerning the custome
of our parish," subscribed by the Curate, the Church-
wardens and the sidesmen, shows the scales on which
dues were levied for the lay rector : —

" For offerings, id.^ both men and women.

For servants, id. apiece.

For corne, we tythe by the tenth stitch and for odde
stitches one sheaf of a stitch.

For the tythe hay, we tythe by the pook or cock, the
tenth pook at the first taking up.

For kine, 2d.

For a summer cow, 2d.

For a winter cow, id.

For a heifer, id.

For calves sold to the butcher, la. of is.

For store calves, ^d.

For a garden, id.

For wooll, the tenth in kind.

For lambs, the tenth, and for odde lambs ^d. apiece for
the fall.

For apples, the tenth.

For piggs, the tenth at three weeks or before.

For weddings lod.

For churchings 4^.

For hopps, the tenth.

For honey, the tenth. "

While Stewkley was receiving these spiritualities
as lay rector, the poor curate in charge of the parish
fared badly : —

" We have had no vicaridge, neither hath there been any
this many years.

" There is a little garden containing one yeard of ground
or near thereabout. Sir George Speke's land lyeth on the
west end, and the widow Foxe's land lyeth on the east ende,
and the churchyeard on the north side, and the highway on
the south side adjoyning.

"There is one meadow containing three yards of ground
or near thereabout lying near the Castle on the east side
and a river of water on the other side.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER.

PEDIGREE OF STEWKLEY. '
Richard Stewkley, d. 1462.11= Joan. dau. of Thomas Burland.

George Stewkley, d. 1508. = Joan dau. of Sir James Luttrell.

4'7

I

Peter Stewkley == Agnes.

mi

Christian=Hugh Stewkley,^. 1588. = Elizabeth dau. of Richard Thomas

Chamberlayne, d. 1598. Silvester

Richard
Robert.

r^

William.

I —\ — \ rrm

Sir Thomas Stewkley == Elizabeth dau. George = Elizabeth dau. Joan=i58o,

b. 1569, d. 1639.

&f heir of John
Goodwin d. 1649.

of Sir Hum- George Luttrell.
phrey Drewell. —

Susan = Sir
Henry Drury.

Sir Hugh Stewkley = Sarah, dau. ©"heir of

bart. d. 1642.

Ambrose Dauntsey.

Thomas —

John Anne, b. 1570,

William,^. 1606. '^- if^S-

bart. d. 1710.

Margaret, b.
Catherine dau.=:Sir Hugh Stewkley=Mary,dau. of El'izabeth »574, ^ 1606.

John Young, d. 1667.

Ursula, *. 1575,

m, Henry St.
John.

n

Sf heir of Sir
John Trott,
bart. d. 1679.

1679 I 1719 I

Sir Charles Shuck-=|=Catherine, Edward, Lord=Mary,

burgh, b. 1659, d. I d. 1725. Stawell,^.i755. d. 1740
1705. -+<•

.Townsend=Sarah,

d. 1760.

Honora,

I I i,fi« '^- '754-

I 1750 I 1768

Stewkley Hon. Henry Bilson=Mary,Baroness= Wills, Earl of Hillsborough,

Stawell,^. Legge, ^. 1764. I Stawell, 6.1726, ^.1793.

1731. j d. 1780.

Henry Stawell Bilson.Lord Stawell,=:MJlry, dau. of Asheton, Viscount
b. 1757, d'. 1820. j Curzon, t/. 1804.

1803

Henry b. 1785.

John, Lord Sherborne d. i 862.=Mary, b. 1780, d. 1864.

' D.C.M. XII. 4 ; XIII. 7, ID ; Inq. Somerset & Dorset \otes & Queries,

post mortem, C. Ii. 220, no. 74 ; Visit- vol. iv, p. 257 ; Exchequer Depositions

atiotis of Somerset, p. 80 ; Berry's by Commission, 10 Will, in ; Collins's

Hampshire Genealogies, p. :;iio;Bio\\n's Peerage; Epitaphs at Hinton Ampner.
S omersetsliirc Wills, vol. i, pp. 79-81 ;

4i8 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

" The Minister hath eight pounds per annum, beside the
aforesaid meadow and garden, and not anything else. " *

From the Curate's point of view, the only redeem-
ing feature of the case was that, as Dunster was not
accounted an ecclesiastical benefice, he was free to
hold another church without dispensation. In course
of time, various small additions were made to the
emoluments of the Curate. Thus, in the middle of
the eighteenth century. Queen Anne's Bounty pro-
vided 400/., Mrs. Pyncombe's Charity 100/., and Mrs.
Sarah Townsend, daughter of Sir Hugh Stewkley,
100/., towards a permanent endowment. Thence-
forward the Curate ceased to be removeable at pleasure.''
There is no record of the exact date at which the
pittance provided by the lay impropriator was raised
from 8/. to 20/. In a valuation of Lord Stawell's
estates in Dunster and Minehead made in 1789, there
are deductions of 20/. for "the Curate's stipend" and
1 2J. 6</. for " payments to the Bishop and Arch-
deacon. " In ordinary parlance, the Curate was often
styled the Vicar, but he had no official residence.

The rectory continued in the possession of descend-
ants of Hugh Stewkley until about 1790, when
Lord Stawell sold it, with his farm at Marsh and
various scattered pieces of land, to John Fownes Lut-
trell of Dunster Castle for the sum of 5,000/.

A brass in Dunster Church in memory of the Rev.
George Henry Leigh, who died in 1821, states some-
what inaccurately that he had been Perpetual Curate
of the parish " upwards of fifty years. " From 1800
to 1805, he was also one of the churchwardens.
During the last four years of his life, he was assisted
by Thomas Fownes Luttrell, who succeeded him, and
who altogether served the cure for some fifty-five

' D.C.B. f. 626. » I Geo. I. St. 2. c. lo

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 419

years. Unlike his predecessors for nearly three cent-
uries, Thomas Fownes Luttrell, being presented to
the Bishop by the trustees of his brother's estate, was
formally instituted to the living. He resided at the
Castle until a short time before his death.

In 1872, arrangements were made for establishing
the vicarage of Dunster upon a suitable footing.
Mr. Luttrell, having built a permanent residence for
the clergyman in a charming situation on the Priory
Green, handed it over to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, who, in consideration of this, increased the
value of the benefice. Mr. Luttrell also transferred
such of the great tithes as had not merged in fixed
rents, receiving in exchange some pieces of glebe
scattered in several parishes.

Reverting again to the reign of Henry the Eighth,
it is more interesting to endeavour to trace the
effect of the ecclesiastical changes upon the fabric
of the church of Dunster. The first result of the
expulsion of the Benedictine monks in 1539 was that
the parishioners recovered their rights in the old
chancel. This is a fact which has been too often
overlooked. The late Mr. Freeman was wont to
refer to Dunster as a typical place where there were
two churches under one roof, the eastern church
monastic and the western church parochial. Many
instances have been cited to show that lay grantees of
the sites of suppressed monasteries and colleges had
the right to secularize and even to demolish buil-
dings which, from the architectural point of view,
formed integral parts of parochial churches. Even
in recent years, the chancel of the church at Arundel
has been adjudged to be the private property of the
Duke of Norfolk. In view, however, of documentary
evidence that was not known to Mr. Freeman, some

420 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

caution must be observed in reading what he has
written upon this subject. ^

It is difficult to say what would have happened at
Dunster if John Luttrell had wished to secularize the
non-parochial part of the divided church. He might
have contended with force that the chancel, having
been adjudged to the monks in 1498, was legally
one of the conventual buildings, like the tithe-barn
and the dovecot. On the other hand the parishioners
had rights in the southern transept, and in the central
tower which they had built in the previous century.
They seem also to have had rights in the chapel on the
eastern side of the southern transept. Furthermore it is
necessary to observe that even if the whole eastern
part of the church had belonged to the monks, John
Luttrell could not have pulled it down, as he was
never the owner of the Priory. For the first year
after the Dissolution, he was merely an agent of the
Crown, and afterwards he was a lessee.

In point of fact there were good reasons why John
Luttrell should not claim rights in the chancel at
Dunster more extensive than those which he had in
the chancel at Kilton, the rights that is to say of the
representative of the lay rector. Whatever his theo-
logical views may have been, he could hardly have
wished to desecrate wantonly a building in which his
grandmother and other ancestors lay buried. Fur-
thermore, the final separation of the monastic church
from the parochial was comparatively recent. Many
of the lay-folk living in 1539 could remember the
time when they were not wholly excluded from the
chancel, and we may readily credit them with a desire
to recover their ancient rights : notwithstanding all

' English Towns ami Districts, pp. Archcvological Society, \o\.\i. ^Tp. 1-1Z-
348-350 ; Proceedings of the Somerset

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 421

changes, the original high altar of the undivided
church had a special sanctity. Private sentiment and
local opinion might alike be gratified by the opening of
the gates of the screen under the tower.

John Leland, the observant antiquary, who visited
Dunster within seven years of the dissolution of the
monasteries, has left an instructive statement as to
the position of ecclesiastical affairs there : —

" The hole chirch of the late Priory servith now for the
paroche chirch. Aforetymes the monks had the est part
closid up to their use. " '

Nothing could be clearer or more positive. Le-
land's personal observations are moreover confirmed
by the accounts which John Luttrell, as lessee of the
rectory, rendered year after year to the Court of
Augmentations. In 1 540, he claimed allowance of
32J-. 10^. spent by him on the repair of ruinous
cottages at Alcombe and of the chancel of the church
of that place, which was in the parish of Dunster.
In the following year, he claimed allowance of 59^.
for repairs at Dunster, specifically to the chief man-
sion of the manor — that is to say to the Priory in
which he lived — and to the window of the chancel
of the church, obviously the great Perpendicular
window over the high altar.

After the sale by the Crown ot John Luttrell's rent
of 3/. 1 3^. 4^/. for the site of the Priory, with the
reversion of the premises on the expiration of his
lease, there are of course no further charges for the
repair of them in the accounts which he rendered
to the Court: from 1543 onwards the purchaser,
Lady Luttrell, was responsible for all necessary ex-
penses incurred by him as her tenant. In 1546,

» Itinerary (1907), p. 166.

422 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

however, he claimed allowance of 3J-. c^d. from the
Crown for repairs to the chancel of the church of
Dunster, " very ruinous, " and similar claims of
varying amounts were allowed by the auditors in
each of the three following years. Clearly therefore
the chancel was regarded as an integral part of the
church rather than as part of the monastic buildings.

In order to realize the position at this period, it is
necessary to remember that, although the monks had
been expelled, and the papal supremacy renounced,
the services of the church were conducted very much
as before. The various altars were still in use.
Under the award of 1498, the parishioners of Dunster
were still responsible for the maintenance and repair
of the whole of the church on the western side of the
tower. The King, however, had become the lay
rector, and, as such, responsible for the maintenance
and repair of the architectural chancel. Year after
year, his representative, John Luttrell, provided the
bread, wine, and wax necessary for the celebration of
masses in the churches of Dunster and Kilton, the
usual charge being 6j. %d. for the former church and
IS. for the latter.

In consequence of the ecclesiastical changes under
Edward the Sixth, no wax was provided after 1550,
and in that year the allowance for bread and wine
was reduced to \s. %d. at Dunster and at Kilton alike.
When, in 1548, a large Bible and a copy of the
Paraphrases of Erasmus were bought for the church,
one half of the cost was borne by the parishioners
and the other half by the King as rector or patron,
in accordance with the royal injunctions. '

There is no record of the exact date in the middle
of the sixteenth century at which side altars, cruci-

• Ministers' Accounts.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 423

fixes, images and the like were removed from the
church of Dunster. One very ancient altar-slab was
suffered to remain in its original position in the little
sacristy on the northern side of the chancel, where it
is still to be seen. After the expulsion of the monks
in 1539, the Vicar is hardly likely to have used it
for the celebration of mass. Hence perhaps its
immunity from the fate of other altars in constant
use, such as those of Our Lady, St. Lawrence, the
Holy Rood, and the Holy Trinity.

After the suppression of chantries by the act passed
in the first year of Edward the Sixth and the general
demolition of side altars, the two chapels on the
eastern side of the transept at Dunster must have
been useless for the services prescribed by the new
Book of Common Prayer. Both of them, however,
having been virtually rebuilt since the introduction
of the Perpendicular style of architecture, were pre-
sumably in good condition. A resolution seems there-
fore to have been taken, in or after the middle of the
sixteenth century, to connect them with the intervening
chancel by piercing apertures in the northern and
southern walls of the latter, or by greatly enlarging
such apertures as then existed. The erection of a
pillar carrying two arches on either side of the chancel
caused the lateral chapels to become aisles to it, useful
at times when divine service was conducted at the
communion table occupying the site of the high altar.
All the details of these pillars and arches are of a very
debased character, indicating the late period at which
they were built.

A return of the second year ot Edward the Sixth
gives the approximate number of " partakers of the
Lord's Holy Sooper " in Dunster as five hundred. '

> Somerset Chantries. (S.R.S.) p. 43.

424 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

To the desire of the laity for practical convenience
unattended by unnecessary expense is probably due
the extraordinary opening between the south-eastern
chapel and the transept. Here there is a moulded
arch of the thirteenth century, supported by jambs
of the fifteenth century, which bend outwards im-
mediately below the capitals, a standing puzzle to archi-
tects and antiquaries. The solution now offered is
that, after the suppression of the chantries, an ingenious
and economical builder united the ancient arch with
the later jambs by inserting one stone on either side
so shaped as to give a wider opening below than the
former would have had. The communion table thus
became visible from the southern transept.

The oaken screen which now stands under the
shouldered arch mentioned above was placed there
about thirty years ago, at the time of the restoration
of the church. Before that, it stood under the
eastern arch of the tower, giving access to the chancel.
There is reason to believe that it was made about
1420, and that it originally stood almost under the
rood between the two western piers of the tower. ^

By a will dated 23 May 1558, John Luttrell, the
lessee of the Rectory and of the Priory of Dunster,
directed that his body should be buried in the Lady
Chapel, which had perhaps been refitted in the reign
of Mary. "^

When Hugh Stewkley acquired the rectory of
Dunster, he became responsible for the repair of the
chancel, and correspondingly entitled to the chief
seat therein.' Dame Margaret Luttrell, who obtained
possession of the Priory in 1560, does not appear to
have disputed his rights in the church, although she

' See p. 396 above. p. 211.

* Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. iii. ^ Phillimote's Ecclesiastical Law.

ARCH IN THE SOUTH TRANSEPT,
DUNSTER CHURCH.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 425

owed him many a grudge. By a will dated in Janu-
ary 1587, he directed that, if he should die in Somer-
set, he should be buried in the Priory Church of
Dunster over against his own seat or pew, or else in
the church of Carhampton near his parents. ^ The
register of the parish of Dunster shows that he was
buried in the church there. If the principal services
were conducted in the nave, his pew in the chancel
must have been more dignified than convenient. A
brass in memory of his relict Elizabeth, who died in
1598, formerly in the chancel, is now to be seen on
the floor of the chapel on the eastern side of the south
transept. Their younger son, George Stewkley of
Dunster and their daughter Margaret alike left direct-
ions that they should be buried there near them.'
Joan their daughter, wife of George Luttrell of Duns-
ter Castle made a will in April 161 3, by which she
similarly directed that she should be buried in the
Priory Church of Dunster, near her parents. ^ She and
her husband had doubtless been allowed to occupy a
seat in the chancel. After her death, George Luttrell
set up a great monument of marble and alabaster
against the southern wall of the chancel, whence it was
removed in 1 876 into the south-eastern chapel. Two
recumbent figures on it represent his own father and
mother. The inscription on one of the two panels
beneath, as recently restored, runs thus : —

" Here lyeth the body of Thomas Luttrell esquire who
departed this lyfe in sure hope of a most joyful resurrection the
16 day of Jan^, anno Dom. 1570, anno 13 of Elizabeth late
Queene of England, being then High Sheriff of the countie
of Somerset &' one of^the youngest sones of Andrew
Luttrell, knight : the sayd Thomas being lawfully married
unto Margery Hadley daughter and sole heire of Christopher

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. i. ^ Ibid. p. 80.

p 7g '^ Ibid. vol. vi. p. 16.

426 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

Hadley of Wythycomb esquire, by whom he had issue
3 sones and 3 daughters, George, John, Andrew . . .
3 daughters, vidz. Ursula, Margaret and Mary, the which
Andrew, Ursula and Margaret dyed without any issue of
theire bodyes. "

It is necessary to observe that the words printed
in italics above are purely conjectural, and that the
actual situation of Thomas Luttrell's grave is quite
unknown. The monument bears also the effigies of
George Luttrell and his wife, the former kneeling
westward, the latter lying dead by his side. Curiously
enough, the heraldic achievements above do not cor-
respond with the figures, for while one shield shows
the arms of Luttrell and Hadley, that which should
show the arms of Luttrell and Stewkley shows instead
the arms of Luttrell and Popham.

On one of the outer stones above the western
window of the south aisle there is an inscription : —

"god save the king. 1624. JULY XX. " ^

This may perhaps be the date of the completion
of some important repairs to the aisle. The masonry
of some of the buttresses appears to be post-reforma-
tional, and an ancient sepulchral slab may be seen in
the parapet. The windows seem to have been re-set
in the seventeenth century, and there are some grounds
for believing that the whole of the southern wall was
then rebuilt with old materials. A narrowing of the
aisle by two or three feet would account for the absence
of wall-plates and for various irregularities in con-
struction.

The almsbox, bearing the date ' 1634' and the
initials of the two churchwardens of part of that year,

' Savage misread the inscription and Hundred of Carhampton, p. 413. Mr.
somehow took the later part of it to Hancock has followed him. Dttiister
indicate the year 1520. History of the Church and Priory, p. 6.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 427

has a brass cover roughly engraved with two appro-
priate verses : —

" He that hath pity on the poore lendeth unto the Lord
and that which he hath given will He pay him againe.
Prov. XIX. Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry of the
poore he also shall cry himself but shall not be heard,
Prov. XXI. "

The will of Thomas Luttrell of Dunster Castle
dated the 25th of October 1643, contains the follow-
ing direction : — " My boddie I will to be buried
decently in the parish church of Dunstarr, in my isle
which is there." ^ The position of the aisle thus
mentioned was so well known at the time as to need
no further description. All that can now be said is
that if this aisle was the old chancel, the Stewkleys
must, tacitly or otherwise, have ceded their rights to
the Luttrells before 1643. On the other hand, the
place in question may have been one of the aisles of
the chancel, and so quite independent of the lay
rector. In any case Thomas Luttrell's aisle was " in
the parish church, " and not on his private property.

It is unfortunately impossible to specify the date
at which the chancel ceased to be used for the ordin-
ary services of the church. In the reign of Elizabeth,
the Stewkleys, as lay rectors, could presumably have
been compelled to maintain it in decent order. The
church, however, as a whole was singularly unsuitable
to the services sanctioned by the Book of Common
Prayer. Owing to the great diameter of the four
piers that support the central tower, and to the length
of the chancel, a priest ministering at the eastern end
of the building could hardly be seen or heard by
persons in the nave, and conversely a preacher dis-
coursing from a pulpit in the nave could hardly be

' P.C.C. Twisse, f. 169.

428 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

seen or heard by persons in the chancel, in either of
the eastern chapels, or in the transepts. This seems
to have been the real cause of the eventual division
of the church into tv^^o parts, the somewhat similar
division of 1498 having lasted only some forty years.

A guess may be hazarded that, during the period
of Puritan ascendancy, in the middle of the seven-
teenth century, the communion table v^as removed
from the chancel and placed lengthv^ays east and west
under the western arch of the tower, near the site of
the parochial altar sanctioned by the arbitrators of
1498. However this may be, there is no indication
that any religious services, except the office for the
burial of the dead, were performed in the eastern
limb of the church between the middle of the seven-
teenth century and the later part of the nineteenth.
A payment of i/. los. made by the churchwardens,
in 1 676, " for timber for the rayles about the Com-
munion Table" suggests a recent change at the eastern
end of the nave. In 1729, they paid no less than
40/. to Richard Phelps of Porlock, an indifferent
painter, " for doing up the altar-piece. "

An ugly gallery of the usual type was set up at the
western end of the nave in 17 17, thus diminishing
the scanty light in that part of the church. Eight
bells were bought or re-cast between 1668 and 1782.
Chimes were provided in 17 11 to play the 113th
Psalm every fourth hour through the day and night,
at one, five, and nine. A very handsome brass chan-
delier of eighteen lights was suspended in the nave,
in 1740, at a cost of 22/. 15^. The churchwardens'
accounts contain several entries about this ' candle-
stick ' or ' branch. '

After the removal of the communion table from
the chancel into the nave, the great majority of the

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 429

parishioners ceased to take any interest in the eastern
part of the church. So long as the wind did not
blow upon them through its broken windows, they
did not insist upon its being maintained as an integral
part of the fabric. The Stewkleys had moreover
ceased to occupy the principal seat in the chancel
after their migration from Somerset to Hampshire.
To them and to their successors in title, the rectory
had become simply a source of income, and they left
the care of the chancel to others. In course of time,
this part of the fabric came to be called " the old
church " and to be regarded merely as the mausoleum
of the Luttrell family. Many causes contributed to
this result. The successive owners of Dunster Castle
in the seventeenth century were nearly related in
blood to the Stewkleys ; several of their ancestors lay
buried in the chancel ; they were altogether predom-
inant in the little town of Dunster ; and the ground
on three sides of the eastern part of the church
belonged to them as owners of the former Priory.
It is not likely that any Stewkley formally alienated
his rectorial rights in the chancel, or that any Luttrell
formally undertook to keep it in repair. On the
other hand there are fair grounds for believing that
the Luttrells had practically obtained exclusive rights
there before the end of the seventeenth century. In
1 79 1, there were in their private vault in the chancel
nineteen coffins, which, according to the register of
burials, would represent as nearly as possible a cent-
ury. ^ So again, the series of funereal hatchments,
formerly affixed to the walls, begins with that of
Colonel Francis Luttrell, who died in 1690.

In 1699, the churchwardens of Dunster paid is.
td. " for tiles taken out of the old church. " In

» Collinson's History of Somerset, vol. ii. p, i8.

430 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

171 3, they paid is. 4^. to Sir Hugh Stewkley's agent
" for paving stones for the church, " perhaps removed
from the same part of the building. The two fol-
lowing payments are recorded in accounts rendered
to Alexander Luttrell of Dunster Castle in 1 7 1 8 : —

" For new leding 20 feet of glass in the old church, 3*3'.
per foot, 6s. 6d.

For 5 dozen of new quarrys in the old church, lod. per
dozen, \s. id.'''

For some years after the death of this Alexander
Luttrell in 1737, a certain Robert Coffin was in re-
ceipt of a yearly salary of 51. : —

" For cleaning the seats and monuments in the old church
at Dunster belonging to the family of the Luttrells and
which had always been allowed by the family. "

A mention of their ' pews ' there at the same period
is not without interest, as suggesting that the eastern
part of the building was still used. Collinson, how-
ever, writing in or shortly before 1791, describes it
as "stript of all its furniture and totally neglected." ^
Its condition was if possible worse in 1830. ^

In 1838, J. C. Buckler, the well-known architect
was called in to examine the fabric of Dunster
Church, and he drew up an elaborate report upon its
condition. With regard to the eastern part, or ' old
church, ' he stated that the walls were " shattered and
infirm in places, " that the roof was very defective
and covered with " a thick coat of moss, " that the
mullions and tracery of the windows were "dilapidated
and ruinous, " and that the floor, " stripped of its
pavement, " was " strewn with relics of canopied
monuments and various kinds of rubbish. " In rainy
weather, water lay in a pool in the northern transept.

' History of Somciset, vol. ii. p. i8. o/Cnrhaiiipton, pp. 400, 401.

* Savage's History of the Humlred

^

on

'^

K

u

^1 a:

^ tjj

2:

H

<

?^^

!■■

^

Q

r

§5

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 431

Proceeding westward, he found that " the recessed
arch at the back of the altar " was a " receptacle of
rubbish. " The windows in the northern aisle were
decayed. The piers in the nave although structurally
safe, were far from upright. The gallery at the west
end blocked out the light and gave to that part of the
church " the gloominess of a crypt. " All the doors
admitted " intolerable draughts. " The pavement,
composed of fragments of stone, brick and tiles, was
" in the worst possible condition, " dangerous by
reason of its unevenness. Many ancient oaken seats
" elaborately and finely ornamented " were concealed
by later wood work, " the most promiscuous, unseemly
and uncomfortable assemblage of pews that can be
met with. "

Buckler's vigorous language was not without effect,
and many of his recommendations were followed.
Although his proposal to place the communion-table
under the eastern arch of the tower was rejected, it
seems to have been set back a little. A large screen
with glass panels was put up immediately behind it,
and similar screens were put up to separate the aisles
from the transept, which thus became a mere vesti-
bule. A useless arch was at the same time built to
connect the two Norman jambs attached to the
western piers of the tower. The external turret
which formerly gave access to the loft over the main
screen was converted into a small vestry. In the ' old
church ' nothing was done beyond the most necessary
repairs.

In 1875, a complete restoration of the church was
undertaken, at a cost of about 1 2,000/., of which
nearly 10,000/. were contributed by Mr. Luttrell.
The Norman door at the west end was re-opened, the
gallery was removed, and new oaken seats, carved by

432 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xii.

Hems of Exeter, were provided for nave and aisles
alike. By the advice of Mr. G. E. Street, a raised
platform, separated from the transept by open screens,
was constructed under the tower, and the communion
table was placed upon it, in the situation previously
recommended by Buckler. The ancient screen that
had stood there, giving access to the chancel, was
placed under the curious shouldered arch in the
southern transept.

In the ' old church, ' Mr. Street's alterations were
numerous and important. Fragments of Early English
mouldings found in the walls afforded him a certain
clue for the reconstruction of three lancet windows
in the eastern wall and of the corresponding piscina
and sedilia in the southern wall. The old sacristy on
the northern side was practically rebuilt, and all
the encaustic tiles found in the building were put
together in it. The Jacobean monument set up by
the first George Luttrell, the earlier incised slab of
Dame Elizabeth Luttrell, and the brass of Elizabeth
Stewkley were alike removed into the south-eastern
chapel. The only monuments now remaining in the
chancel are that attributed above to Dame Christian
de Mohun and the mutilated effigies of the first Sir
Hugh Luttrell and his wife lying upon an Easter
Sepulchre of later date. Stalls, like those of a private
chapel, were set up in the chancel, and open screens
were made to divide it from the lateral chapels, that
on the north being converted into a vestry. A medi-
eval altar-slab, which had lain over the grave of the
Poyntz family, was re-erected upon short columns on
the site of the high altar below the east window.
The chancel and its lateral chapels were alike repaved
with encaustic tiles copied from the old ones, with the
addition of some bearing the arms of Luttrell.

CH. XII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 433

Since 1876, many of the windows of the church
have been filled with stained glass, scriptural, heraldic,
or decorative. Part of the garden of the Priory, on
three sides of the * old church ', has been added to the
graveyard, with some reservations, and a lych-gate has
been erected over the entrance from St. George's
Street. Some of the buildings of the Priory now go
with the Vicarage, some with the Castle. One of
the rooms near the western end of the church has a
mullioned window and a fine stone fireplace, dating
apparently from the early part of the fifteenth century.
Beyond the great barn stands the monastic pigeon-
house, a circular building with a series of internal
niches, and a central ladder revolving on a pivot. In
the garden of the Vicarage there is an oak tree of yet
greater antiquity.

OLD GLASS QUARRY
IN DUNSTER CHURCH.

CHAPTER XIII.

The Manor of Avill.

Avill is a hamlet in the south-western part of the
parish of Dunster. For many centuries it was a sepa-
rate manor and tithing, extending into the parishes
of Carhampton and Timberscombe, and its history is
quite distinct from that of the manor of Dunster.

In the reign of Edward the Confessor, Avill (Auene)
belonged to JElhic (Aluric) who also owned Dunster
(Torre), Bratton and Broadwood. Like those places,
it was, at the Norman Conquest, bestowed upon
William de Mohun, who, however, did not long
retain it in demesne. In 1086, his military tenant
there was a certain Ralph, the other householders
being a villein and five bordars. The estate comprised
two ploughlands, four acres of meadow, two acres of
wood, fifty acres of pasture, and a mill which yielded
20^. The whole was assessed at half a hide and
valued at i os. ^

It seems probable that Ralph's descendants took a
surname from the place of their abode. Henry of
Avill (Aule) was a witness of several charters of
William de Mohun the Fourth, between 1177 and
1 194.' In 1 20 1, Agnes of Avill was entered as
holding a knight's fee of the Honour of Dunster, but

• Domesday Book. 7, 73, 234, 393, 394.

' Bntton Carliilary, (S.K.S.), nos. 6,

CH. XIII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 435

in the following year, the holding of William of
Avill was entered as half a fee, the amount at which
it remained fixed in subsequent centuries/ In 1233,
there was a dispute between Hugh of Avill and his
overlord, Reynold de Mohun of Dunster, as to the
boundaries of their respective properties, and the
Sheriff was ordered by the King to make a peram-
bulation of them. *

The next member of the family mentioned was
Richard Avele, or Havel, who was returned as holding
half a fee under the lord of Dunster in 1279, 1285,
and 1303.^ He was succeeded by his son Geoffrey,
who held the half fee in 13 16, 1330, and 1346.*
In 1 3 1 4, Geoffrey son of Richard of Avill (Auele)
quit-claimed to Simon de la Torre and Lucy his wife,
late the wife of William Astyng of la Bergshe, for
their lives, all his right in the tenement and land of
la Bergshe, and granted to them common of pasture
on his hill on the south side of Avill and reasonable
estovers there. In consideration of this, they paid a
fine of 4 marks and undertook to pay a yearly rent of
6s., to do suit twice a year at his court at Avill, and
to render certain services elaborately set out, such as
assisting their neighbours in repairing the "millegrip"
of Avill and the " watercloses, " ploughing, harrowing,
reaping, mowing, carrying hay and the like. A
further rent of bread, capons and eggs was also exact-
ed. ^ It is remarkable that the lord of the manor is
not mentioned among the six persons assessed at Avill
to the subsidy of 1327. Simon de la Torre appears
in the list under the name of Simon atte Burghe.

' Pipe Rolls. vol. iv, p. 302.

* Calendar of Close Rolls, 1231-1234, * Feudal Aids, vol, iv, pp. 334, 341 ;
p. 295. Inq. Post Mortem, C. Edw. III. file 22,

* Calendar of Inquisitions fast mor- no. 11.

tern, vol. ii, pp. 177, 352 ; Feudal Aids, * D.C.B. no. 10.

436 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiii.

Another contributor was Godfrey of Illycombe in
Dunster, and a third was Ralph atte Foremarsh, who
must have lived at the place of that name in the
parish of Carhampton, on the north side of Dunster. ^
There is evidence at a later date that part of the
manor of Avill, or at any rate part of the estate of
the lord of Avill, was close to the sea-shore, where he
had a " fysshinge were. " *

The family of Avill seems to have come to an end
about the middle of the fourteenth century. Perhaps
the heiress married a Kempe. In i 371, John Kempe,
citizen and girdler of London, and Ellen his wife sold
the manor to William Cheddar of Bristol. Their
conveyance of it makes an obscure allusion to a
knight's fee, and states that certain services were due
by Sir James Audley, who is otherwise known to have
been lord of the adjoining manor of Staunton. ^

About this period, there is the earliest mention of
a curious and doubtless very ancient obligation upon
the Prior of Dunster, the lords of Avill and Withy-
combe, and the owner of Gillcotts (Gildencote) in
Carhampton, to supply a wagon with two men and
eight oxen to carry the corn or hay of the lord of
Dunster for one day apiece. As he had to provide
food, this ' carriage work ' was valued at only ij". *

There is no reason to suppose that William Ched-
dar ever took up his abode at Avill. The little manor
in fact became a mere source of income to a series of
very wealthy persons residing at a distance. William
Cheddar died about Christmas 1382, and was suc-
ceeded by his brother Robert, who had been Mayor
of Bristol. ° In 1383, the manor of Avill was, with

' Lay Subsidies, 169/5. ■* D.C.M. ix, 2, 3 ; xviii, 2, 3 ; xix, 4 ;

* A.D. 1484. Ministers' Accounts, bun- xx, 38 ; xxii, 13.
die 968, no. 4. * Proceed itigs of Somerset Archceologi-

' Feet of Fines, Somerset, 45 Edvv. cat Society, vol. xxxiv, p. 115.
III. (Green, iii. 82.)

CH. XIII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 437

other property, settled upon Robert Cheddar and Joan
his wife, who was the daughter and heiress of Simon
Hanham of Gloucestershire. ^ After his death a few
months later, she married Sir Thomas Brook of
Weycroft near Axminster, who held the settled estate
jointly with her until his death in January 141 8. ^

The earliest account of a reeve of Avill that has
been preserved belongs to the year 1396, when the
main source of revenue consisted of fixed rents
amounting to close upon 23/. Courts held twice a
year yielded only a few shillings. No mention is
made of the demesne, which was evidently let.
Among the expenses were payments of 2.s. at Dunster
for respite of suit to the court of the Barony, and \s.
as a composition for the carriage-work noticed above. ^
As late as the middle of the seventeenth century,
the lord of Dunster used to receive four separate
payments from Avill, that is to say zs. from the
tithing as a ' common fine ' to the Hundred Court of
Carhampton, dd. as a Candlemas rent, 2J-. as a feodary
rent to the Castle, and u. as a ' high rent' to the
manor of Carhampton Barton. ^

Lady Brook is entered as holding half a fee at Avill
in 1 428 and in 1431.^ She died in April 1 437 and,
as her eldest son Richard Cheddar survived her only
a few weeks, the property passed to her second son,
Thomas. *" It is difficult to give any satisfactory ex-
planation of an original indenture in French witnessing
that Thomas Cheddar did homage to John Luttrell,
" lord of Dunster, " on the 3rd of March in the ninth
year of Henry the Fifth, for the manor of Avill held

' Feet of Fines, Somerset. 6 Ric. II. no. i.

(Green, iii. p. ii8.) < D.C.M. iii. 12.

* Ihid. Divers Counties, 11 Ric. II. * Feudal Aids, vol. iv, pp. 390, 430.
(Green, iii, p. 204) ; D.C.M. IV ; Inq. « Inq. post mortem, 15 Hen. VI. no.
post mortem, 5 Hen. V. no. 54. 62 ; Proceedings of Somerset ArclKtolog-

* Ministers' Accounts, bundle 968, ical Society, vol. xliv. p. 17.

438 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiii.

of him by the service of half a knight's fee. ^ Such
homage would only be due on succession, and John
Luttrell was lord of Dunster from March 1428 to
June 1430, whereas the document professes to belong
to the year 1422.

Thomas Cheddar died in July 1442, leaving as his
coheiresses two daughters, Joan, aged eighteen the
relict of Richard Stafford, and Isabel, aged fourteen,
the wife of John Newton, son of the Chief Justice of
the Common Pleas. Avill, however, seems to have
been assigned in dower to the widow, Isabel, who
survived until January 1476. It then passed to Eliza-
beth daughter and heiress of her eldest daughter Joan,
bv her second husband John Talbot, Viscount Lisle. ^
This Elizabeth was the wife of Sir Edward Grey,
who was created Baron Lisle in 1475, and Viscount
Lisle in 1483. ^

Some accounts of the reeve of Avill in the reign of
Edward the Fourth show that the rents of the free
and the customary tenants had remained practically
unchanged since the close of the previous century.
In 1476, however, there was an unusual receipt of
over 43/. " coming from the fines of divers customary
tenants made with Edward Basyng, the steward, in
full court held there. " * A conjecture may be offered
that the tenants paid this money for the enclosure of
the lord's waste, or some other surrender of his rights.

After the death of Elizabeth, Viscountess Lisle, in
September 1487, her husband continued to hold the
manor of Avill, presumably by the courtesy of Eng-

' D.C.M. IV. 28. nioitem, 32 Hen. VI. no. 38 ; 7 Edw.

* Inq. post mortem, 21 Hen. VI.no. IV. no. 42 ; 12 Edw. IV. no. 40 ; 16

55 ; Escheators" Enrolled Accounts, 37, Edw. IV. no. 67.

m.34. An engraving of Thomas Ched- ' D.C.M. V. 55; xxxi. 10.

dar's monumental brass is given in * Ministers' Accounts, bundle 968,

Proceedings of the Somerset A tchirolo- no. 3.
gical Society, vol. xliv, p. 44. Inq. post

CH. XIII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 439

land, until his own death in July 1492, when it passed
to their son John, Viscount Lisle, who died in Sep-
tember 1504. By a post-nuptial settlement, this John
had given a life interest in Avill to his wife Muriel,
daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. ^ She
married a second husband. Sir Thomas Knyvett, and
died about Christmas 1512.^ Her only child Eliza-
beth, Baroness Lisle, married Henry Courtenay, Earl
of Devon, but died under age and without issue, in
the spring of 15 19, when the property passed to her
aunt. ^

Elizabeth Grey, daughter of Edward, Viscount
Lisle by Elizabeth Talbot his wife, married firstly
Edmund Dudley, the celebrated minister of Henry
the Seventh. After his execution in August 15 10,
she married Arthur Plantagenet, an illegitimate son
of Edward the Fourth, who was created Viscount
Lisle in 1523. The steward who held a court at Avill
in their names in 1521, describes her as ' Viscountess
Lisley', although she was only Baroness at that time. *
On her behalf, her husband paid 5oj". to Sir Andrew
Luttrell of Dunster in 1530, by way of relief on half
a fee. ^ She died without issue by him, and, in i 5 3 i ,
Sir John Dudley, her son by her first husband, con-
veyed the manor of Avill and other property inherited
from the Cheddars to feoffees, presumably with a
view to sale. **

Sir Edward Seymour, afterwards celebrated in hist-
ory as Duke of Somerset, bought the manor before
1536, but he did not hold it long. ^ In 1539, when

' Inq. post mortem, C. II. vol. 8, no. * Court Rolls, General Series, Portf.

lo ; Early Chancery Proceedings, file 198. no. 17.

95, nos. 63-65 ; Inq. postmortem, E. II. * D.C.M. v. 9, 11.

file 497, no. 52. " Feet of Fines, Somerset, 23 Hen.

* Nicholas's Tcstamenia Vetnsta, p. VIII.

516. ' Chancer^' Proceedings, Series II.

* Patent Roll, n Hen. VIII. part 2, file 42, no. 82 ; Star Chamber Procecd-
m. 6. ings, xvii, no. 366.

440 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiii.

he was Earl of Hertford, he and Anne his wife sold
the manor and various lands in Avill and Slape to
John Stocker of Poole, merchant, and Edith his wife.
The fine levied for this purpose professes to deal with
thirty messuages, ten cottages, four hundred acres of
land, forty of meadow, a hundred of pasture, fifty of
wood and a thousand of furze and heath, but these
round numbers must not be taken literally. On the
other hand, a specific mention of 30^. rent suggests
that very few of the tenants then held estates in per-
petuity. ^ The purchaser died in September of the
same year and his relict Edith, daughter of Richard
Phelips, married John Horsey of Clifton Maubank,
six months afterwards. ^ When John Stocker the
second came of age in 1555, Sir John Horsey and
Edith his wife surrendered the manor to him in con-
sideration of an annuity, but he died within a few years
and they re-entered. Elizabeth his relict, daughter
and coheiress of Sir Christopher Hales, who married
secondly George Sydenham, had a long suit against
them in the early years of Elizabeth, on behalf of her
infant son, John Stocker the third. ^

There was also litigation about the same period
with regard to the manor-house and farm of Avill,
which the Horseys had demised for three lives at a
yearly rent of 40/. and half a tun of Gascon wine. *
In the sixteenth century, there was a chapel of St. Mary
Magdalene at Avill, close to the boundary of the parish
of Dunster.^ The number of tenants was about ten. **
In 1594, John Stocker the third paid ^os. to George
Luttrell of Dunster Castle by way of relief on suc-

' D.C.M. V. 21. * Ibid, file 45, no. 10 ; file 42, no. 82 ;

* Inq. post mortem, E. H. 929. file4i, no. it.

no. I. ^ See page 347 above.

* Chancery Proceedings, Series II. ^ Court of Requests Proceeding.s,
file 169, nos. 11-13. 127, no. 12.

CH. XIII. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 441

cession to the manor of Avill, reckoned as half a
knight's fee. * He married Margaret daughter and
coheiress of Anthony Skutt of Stanton Drew. ' In
1609, John Stocker and Margaret his wife conveyed
to Robert Roper three messuages, a water grist-mill,
two fulling-mills, a dovecot, seventy acres of land,
fifty of meadow, eighty of pasture and fifty of wood,
and common of pasture in Avill and Dunster, ' The
gristmill doubtless occupied the site of that mentioned
in Domesday Book. A new fulling-mill at Avill had
been let, in 1476, to John Cockes, ' touker ' for three
lives according to the custom of the manor. * The
conveyance of 1609 must be regarded as part of a
mortgage or settlement rather than a sale, for the
Stockers continued to hold Avill for some time longer.
Their usual residence was at Chilcompton.

John Stocker died in 161 2 or 161 3, and was suc-
ceeded by Anthony his son.^ This Anthony Stocker
was a free suitor to the Hundred Court of Carhampton
in 1 614 and 1619.^ He married Margaret daughter
of Sir Arthur Capel of Hadham, in Hertfordshire,
and had issue at least four sons and two daughters. ^
John Stocker, the eldest, was born in 1 6 1 5. Through
serving as a Colonel in the King's army he got into
trouble and had to pay a fine of over 1300/. in 1648. *
He conveyed the manors of Avill and Hinton Blewett
to feoffees in the following year, but he was entered
as a free suitor to the Hundred Court of Carhampton
as late as 1658.^ His brother and heir William was
similarly entered in 1661 and 1668. This William

' D.C.M. V. 43. ® D.C.M. XXXI. 19.

» Visitation of Somersetshire, 1623, ' Visitation of Somersetshire; Brown's

p. 105 ; Brown's Somersetshire Wills, Somersetshire Wills, vol. iv, p. 88.

vol. iv, p. 19. " Calendar of Committee for Com-

* Feet of P'incs, Somerset, 6 Jac. I. founding, p. 1836.

* D.C.M. V. 55. ^ Feet of Fines, Somerset, Mich.
•^ Visitation of Somersetshire, p. 105. 1649 ; D.C.M.

442 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiii.

Stocker, his wife Mary and their eldest son John
alike died in 1669, when the inheritance passed to
the second son Anthony.^ In i 699, Anthony Stocker
and Sarah his wife sold the manor of Avill and land
in the parishes of Dunster, Carhampton, Crowcombe,
Stogumber, Timberscombe and St. Decumans, to
WiUiam Blackford.^ The family, however, continued
elsewhere in the county. ^

William Blackford of Dunster, the purchaser of
Avill, had but recently bought the manor of Bossing-
ton and an estate at Holnicote. Dying in 1728, he
was buried at Selworthy. His son and successor of
the same name died in 1730, leaving an infant daugh-
ter Henrietta, who died in 1733, in the seventh year
of her age. The Blackford property in Somerset
then passed to her second cousin, Elizabeth daughter
of Thomas Dyke of Tetton in the parish of Kings-
ton. * This lady, who eventually inherited the large,
though scattered, estates of the several branches of the
Dyke family, married, in 1745, Sir Thomas Acland,
and a part of the ancient manor of Avill, extending
from the ridge of Grabbist nearly to the sea-shore,
belongs to their descendant Sir C. T. Dyke Acland.

Courts baron for the then undivided manor used
to be held at Kitswall in the early part of the nine-
teenth century. ^ The old feodary rent of 2s. used
also to be paid to successive owners of Dunster Castle.
It was extinguished in 1870, in connexion with an
exchange of lands between the late Sir Thomas Dyke
Acland and Mr. G. F. Luttrell, by which the latter
acquired the mill of Avill and the adjacent land in
the valley.

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. ii, p. 130.
iv, pp. 88, 89. * Chadwyck Healey's History of part

* Feet of Fines, Somerset, 10 Will. of West Somerset.

HI. * Savage's Hundred of Carhampton

* Collinson's History of Somerset, vol. pp. 307, 451.

CHAPTER XIV

The Manor of Staunton.

Staunton occupies the eastern part of the parish of
Dunster, immediately south of Minehead. In the reign
of Edward the Confessor, it belonged to a certain
Walo or Walle, whose estate there comprised three
virgates. WiUiam the Conqueror granted it to WilHam
de Mohun, under whom its value rose in the course
of a few years from 7^. td. to i 5J. At the time of
the great survey of 1086, he had two and a half
virgates in demesne. There were also five acres of
meadow and forty of pasture. The tenants consisted
of two villeins, two serfs, and two bordars, who held
half a virgate and a carucate. There was only one
plough-team, although the arable land was sufficient
for two. To this estate had been added another
comprising one virgate, two acres of meadow and
fifty of pasture, worth altogether y. Here there
was only one bordar. ^

A charter of Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury,
issued in the middle of the twelfth century, shows
that one of the earlier Mohuns had granted, or con-
firmed, the tithes of Staunton to the Benedictine
monks of Bath. ^ There is no record of the date at
which a lord of Dunster gave the manor to a military

' Domesday Hook. C. 65.

» Two Chmtularies 0} Bath (S.R.S.),

444 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiv.

tenant, to be held of him and his successors upon the
usual terms of feudal service.

In 1 196 and in 1201, a certain Walter of Dun-
heved, or Downhead, held of the Honour of Dunster
a knight's fee which may safely be located at Staunton.^
He presumably took his name from Downhead near
Mells, in the eastern part of Somerset. We find him
claiming land at Edington in 1208, and the advowson
of the church of Badgworth twelve years later. ^ He
died in or about 1224. '

Several members of the Downhead family were
connected with Ireland in the thirteenth century, but
it is impossible to say which of them owned Staunton
in the long reign of Henry the Third. A second
Walter of Downhead, who had land at Mells in
1280, is described as grandson and heir of Erneis
of Downhead.* This Walter may probably be iden-
tified with a person of that name who, in 1 279 and
again in 1285, was found by inquisition tQ hold a
knight's fee at Staunton of Sir John de Mohun of
Dunster recently deceased. '^ Staunton was one of
the fees assigned to Eleanor de Mohun the widow,
who married a second husband, Sir William Martin. '
Under this arrangement, the Martins obtained of
course only the overlordship, valuable in the event of
the death of Walter of Downhead during her life-
time, after which it would pass to the owner of
Dunster Castle. Before long, however, they obtain-
ed actual possession of the manor, presumably by
purchase.

'Pipe Rolls; RotulideOblatis,p. 136. q/ Manuscripts of the Dean & Chapter

» Rotiili lie Finibiis, p. 430 ; Curia of Wells (Hist. MSS. Comm. 1907);

Regis Roll, no. 74. m. i. ^'cet of Ft 11 ea for Somerset, vols. i. and ii;

* Somersetshire Pleas (S.R.S.), p. 80. Feudal Aids, vol. iv ; Somersetshire

* Assize Roll, no. 763, m. 38. Fur- Pleas.

ther notices of the Downhead family •' Calendar of Inquisitions post mor-

vvillbe found in Calendar of Documents tern, vol. ii. p. 177.
relating tolreland 1171-1301; Calendar ' Ibid. pp. 352, 353.

CH. XIV. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 445

In 1296, John Downhead sued Gilbert de Pero,
William Martin and Eleanor his wife, William of
Wells, Gilbert atte Putte, and four others, for disseis-
ing him of the manor of Staunton Downhead by
Dunster. Gilbert de Pero had, it appears, recently
enfeoffed the Martins, but the record of the proceed-
ings does not show his title to it or the relationship
of John Downhead to Walter Downhead. Eventually
the plaintiff failed to appear and the Martins were left
in possession. ^

From this date onwards, the history of the manor
of Staunton is tolerably clear. The chief point to
be noted is that it seldom, if ever, had a resident
lord. Passing from one family to another, it was
simply a source of income to persons living at a
distance.

In 1303, William Martin, 'lord of Staunton', was
returned as holding half a fee there of John de Mohun,
the amount being, as in many other cases, understated,
to the prejudice of the Crown. ^ He is described as
lord of Kemeys in the celebrated letter from the
barons of England to Pope Boniface the Eighth. ^
Dying in October 1324, he was succeeded by his
eldest surviving son of the same name. *

William Martin the second was summoned to
Parliament in the following year, but he did not long
survive his father and died in August 1326, leaving
a widow, Margaret, without issue. ^ At an inquisition
taken in that year, it was found that at the time of
his death he was seised of two-thirds of the ' hamlet '
of Staunton, which was held of John de Mohun by
service of a quarter of a fee. It then comprised a

• Assize Rolls, no. 1310, m. $(!.; no. * Escheators" Enrolled Accounts, 1.
1313, m. 34. m. 16; Fine Roll, 18 Edw. II. m. 17.

* Feudal Aids, \o\. \v. p. 302. ^Escheators' Enrolled Accounts, 1.
' The Ancestor, no. vii. p. 256. m. i6d.

446 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiv.

capital messuage and a garden of two acres, a water-
mill, fifty-two acres of arable land in demesne, six
acres of meadow, twenty-one acres of pasture, and
some ' mountain pasture ' of small value. There were
on the manor three free tenants and eight bondmen,
whose services are minutely specified. ^ From the fact
that William Martin the second held only two thirds
of the estate, it may be inferred that the remainder
was in the possession of a widow, either his mother
Eleanor, or his sister-in-law Jouette, daughter of Sir
John Hastings and relict of his elder brother Edmund
Martin. '

A third of the lands and fees of William Martin was
assigned in dower to the widow Margaret, who soon
afterwards married Sir Robert of Watevill. The other
two thirds were divided between his two coheirs, his
sister Eleanor, the wife of Philip Columbers, and his
nephew, James Audley, son of his sister Joan by Sir
Nicholas Audley. ^

Staunton fell to the share of James Audley, who
was summoned to Parliament in 1330, when he was
about seventeen years of age. ^ At some unspecified
date, he demised to his aunt, Eleanor Columbers, six
messuages, one carucate of land, eight acres of meadow,
two acres of wood, and two thirds of the mill at
Staunton, for which she undertook to do the necessary
suit at the court of the lord of Dunster. At her
death in 1342, without issue, this property reverted
to him. ^

In 1353, Sir James Audley arranged to sell to the
King the reversion, after his own death, of certain

• Inq. post mortem, 19 Edw. II. no. 10.

no. ICO. * Feudal Aids, vol. iv. p. 341; Calen-

* Calendar of Patent Rolls, I2g2-i30i, dar of Inquisitions, vol. vi. p. 220.

p. 3I4- * Inq. post mortem, 16 Edw. III.

'^ Ibid. i32j-i3^o, p. 261; 1381-138^, no. 51.
p. 515; Inq. post mortem 33 Edw. III.

CH. XIV. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 447

manors and advowsons in Cornwall, Devon and Somer-
set, including his estate at Staunton. In connexion
with this sale, an elaborate ' extent ' was made at
Staunton ' in Dunsterdene ', the details of which
may be compared with those given in the inquisition
of 1326. If we may assume both valuations to have
been made with equal impartiality, the arable land
had in twenty-seven years risen in value from 4^^. to
IJ-. an acre, and the yield of the mill had risen from
ys. 6d. to I /. The pleas and perquisites of the man-
orial courts were, however, assessed at only 6s. 8^. ^
The transaction between Sir James Audley and the
King was completed in the same year by a fine levied
in the Court of Common Pleas. ^

The object of Edward the Third in buying from
Sir James Audley the reversion of various manors and
advowsons was to bestow them upon the Cistercian
Abbey of St. Mary Graces, recently founded by him
near the Tower of London. John of Gaunt, Duke of
Lancaster, and others were accordingly appointed as
feoffees to carry out his intentions in the matter. '
Little, however, could actually be done, as Sir James
Audley lived to a considerable age and survived the
King by nearly nine years.

In May 1374, Sir James Audley ceded his life
interest in the manor of Staunton to William Gambon,
for a yearly rent of 61. 6s. %d. Some two years before
this, Gambon had been appointed Constable of
Gainsborough Castle by John of Gaunt, and he was
also one of the yeomen of the King's Chamber. By
means then of his influence at Court he obtained not
only a royal confirmation of his arrangement with
Audley, but also a definite grant in fee of the reversion

' Misc. Inq. 27 Edw. III. file 169. ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, i^SS-i^gi,

^ Feet of Fines, Divers Counties, 27 p. 364.
Edw. III.

448 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiv.

of the manor. ^ It was easy for Richard the Second
to be generous at the expense of the Cistercian monks.
Subject to the temporary rent payable to Audley, and
to the feudal services due to Dunster Castle, William
Gambon became the owner of Staunton. In 1379
accordingly, we find him paying 2J-. to Lady de
Mohun for respite of suit of court for a twelvemonth.^

Complications, however, arose ere long. In the
first place, the feoffees of Edward the Third, ignoring
the grant to Gambon, formally conveyed to the Abbot
and Convent of St. Mary Graces the reversion which
he had bought from Audley. ^ In the second place,
Richard the Second, altogether disregarding the pious
intention of his grandfather, granted them to his own
half-brother, John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon.
His letters patent to this effect bear date the i8th of
December 1384, but, within two months, he, with
the assent of the Council, made a fresh and incon-
sistent grant of them to his favourite, Robert de Vere,
Marquess of Dublin. * In the course of the financial
year ending at Michaelmas 1385, the Marquess paid
two visits to West Somerset, presumably for the pur-
pose of inspecting the property at Staunton. On
one occasion he stayed at Minehead and on the other
at Dunster Castle, and the costs of his entertainment
at those places amounting to 6/. is. ^d. were defrayed
by Lady de Mohun. '

The letters patent in favour of the Earl of Hun-
tingdon mentioned above were not revoked until the
2nd of April 1386, the day after the death of Sir
James Audley. ^ Although the property that should

* Patent Roll, 48 Edw. HI. part 2, p. 267.

m. 4 ; Duchy of Lancaster Miscellane- * Ibid. 1381-1 jS^, p. 515.

ous Books, vol. xiii, f. 55. '' D.C.M. xxxi. 2.

* D.C.M. IV. 13. « Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1 385-1 -fSg,

* Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1401-140^, P- Uj-

CH. XIV. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 449

then have passed to the monks was valued at 200
marks a year, they had perforce to be satisfied with
an annuity of i i o marks derived from other sources/

Upon hearing of the death of Sir James Audley,
the Sheriff of Somerset entered upon the manor of
Staunton, with a view to handing it over to the
Marquess of DubHn. William Gambon, however,
came forward with his letters patent of 1374, and, as
the Marquess failed to appear to show cause against
them in Chancery, those of 1386 were revoked in so
far as they related to the manor of Staunton, ^

Even after this, Gambon was threatened with the
loss of his property. In 1388, Robert de Vere, now
Duke of Ireland, was cited to appear before ' the
Merciless Parliament ' to answer charges brought
against him by five lords opposed to the King's policy,
and was condemned to death as a traitor. His unen-
tailed estates were consequently forfeited.^ The King
thereupon, in the month of July, made a fresh grant
to the Earl of Huntingdon of various lands that had
belonged to Sir James Audley, including specifically
the manor of Staunton ' by Dunsterdene. ' *

The Earl of Huntingdon was promoted to the
dignity of Duke of Exeter in 1397, but joining in a
conspiracy against Henry the Fourth, he was taken
prisoner and beheaded in January 1400. Two months
later, the Parliament declared his estates to be for-
feited. ^ Once more then the Crown was enabled to
dispose of the lands acquired from Sir James Audley.
Henry the Fourth, however, instead of bestowing
them upon a relation or a favourite, determined to

' Calendar of Patent RollsjsgQ- 1 40 1, 1359, p. 495.

p. 275. * Rotiili Parliamentorum, vol. iii. p.

* Ibid. i^S^-i^Sg, p. 332. 459. His son, restored to the Earldom,

* Rotuli Parliamentorum, vol. iii. eventually got compensation for the
p. 237. loss of Staunton. Calendar of Patent

* Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1385- Rolls, J441-1446, p. 242.

/

450 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiv.

carry out the intention of his grandfather. With this
object he issued letters patent granting to the Abbot
and Convent of St. Mary Graces various manors,
including that of Staunton. The pension assigned
in lieu of them w^as of course vv^ithdraw^n. ^ Staunton
was again enumerated in a list of the possessions con-
firmed to the monks by Pope Boniface the Ninth in
1403. ^ When Sir John Cornwall and Elizabeth his
wife, the King's sister, sought to recover a third of
this and two other manors as definitely assigned to
her in dower by her former husband, the Earl of
Huntingdon, the Abbot pleaded as if all three belong-
ed to him and his convent. "* Whether they ever
got anything in compensation for Staunton does not
appear.

It is doubtful whether a certain William Gambon
who died in 1392 was the person who had acquired
the manor of Staunton. * If he was, we must sup-
pose him to have conveyed it to feoffees, or to have
sold it outright, leaving the purchaser to take the
risk of a lawsuit. In different years between 1403
and 1409, the tenants of the lands "late of William
Gambon " paid 2s. to the bailiff of Sir Hugh Luttrell
for respite of suit of court. " One list of the fees
belonging to the Honour of Dunster at this period
specifies John Wadham and William Fry as the tenants
of a fee at Staunton. ** In 141 o, and in every year
from 141 3 to 1420, William Fry paid 2s. for respite
of suit of court. ^ The earliest of the existing title-
deeds of Staunton is a quit-claim by John son of
William Gambon to William Fry and five others of

^Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1399- Mnq. post mortem, 17 Ric. II. no. 26.

1401, pp. 275, 284, 397. 5 D.C.M. IV. 15.

» Calendar of Papal Letters, vol. v. « D.C.M. iv. 18.

P- 548- ^ D.C.M. IV. 15, 25.

^ Placita de Banco, 574. m. ii6.

CH. XIV. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 451

all his right in the manor, the water-mill, lands, tene-
ments, rents, services, wardships, marriages, reliefs and
escheats pertaining thereto. The over-lord, Sir Hugh
Luttrell, was a witness to this document in 141 6.
An inquisition of the following year shows that a
certain John Milward had been in actual possession
for many years, presumably as an undertenant.

The court-rolls of the Barony of Dunster give
Peter Fry as owner of Staunton from 1421 to 1427.
In 1429, the tenants of lands there "late of Peter
Fry " were required to do homage and fealty to Sir
John Luttrell. ^ Two years later, a second Peter Fry,
described as of Kingsbridge in the county of Devon,
esquire, was in possession. ^ Although he paid yearly
for respite of suit to the court of the Barony of
Dunster, he did not do homage until October 1449. ^

A third Peter Fry paid 5/. by way of relief to the
Yorkist lord of Dunster at the beginning of the reign
of Edward the Fourth. ^ Dying some nineteen years
later, he was succeeded by his son Robert, then about
sixteen years of age. At the inquisition taken shortly
afterwards, it was found that Staunton was held of
the Earl of Huntingdon by knight's service and a
yearly rent of 2s. * This Robert Fry did homage to
Sir Hugh Luttrell in May 1500. ^ He died in
March 1531/

William Fry, son and heir of Robert Fry, similarly
did homage to Sir Andrew Luttrell in May 1532.''
Some nine years later, he settled the manor of Staunton
on his son William Fry the younger. ^" Bartholomew

' Inq. post mortem, 4 Hen. V. no. 50, no. 41.

and Exchequer transcript. ^ D.C.M. iv. 56.

' D.C.M. IV. 30. « Inq. post mortem, C. H. 81 (312).

' Feudal Aids, vol. iv. p. 430, ' D.C.M. v. 14.

* D.C.M. IV. 38. " Feet of Fines, Somerset, Hilary,
5 D.C.M. I. 27. 32 Hen. VHI.

• Inq. post mortem, 20 Edw, IV,

452 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiv.

Fry seems to have done homage to Thomas Luttrell
for a fee at Staunton, in April 1559.^ He is describ-
ed as son of WiUiam Fry. ^ His wife's name was
Elizabeth. ^

In 1593, Bartholomew Fry, gentleman, and Ferdi-
nando Fry, his eldest son, conveyed to Richard
Godbeare the whole manor of Staunton, with its
appurtenances in the parishes of Dunster and Mine-
head, subject to the rents and services due therefrom. *
Four years later, Godbeare in turn conveyed it to
Nicholas Downe, a merchant of Barnstaple, and the
purchaser did homage to George Luttrell in No-
vember 1 60 1. ^

Nicholas Downe seems to have been succeeded by
Richard Downe, who matriculated at Exeter College,
Oxford, in 1 6 1 5 and eventually proceeded to the
degree of D.D. He became rector of Tawstock and
of Marwood in Devonshire.

Although the little manor of Staunton had for
centuries had its own court baron, the tithingman
had been required to attend the lawdays at Minehead.
When Minehead received a royal charter of incorpor-
ation in 1559, and became a parliamentary borough,
the householders at Staunton obtained the franchise
as belonging to it. In a custumal of 1647, there is
the following curious entry : —

" The custom is that the tithingman of Staunton every
yeare upon Hocke Tuesday, beinge the third Tuesday after
Easter, in the morninge before sunne risinge, doe bringe
into this mannor [of Minehead] a greene boughe and set the
same in the place within the said mannor where the lord's
courts have been kept most usually, and, after he hath so
done, he shall goe to the next tennant's house within the

' D.C.M. V. 29, 32. 15 Eliz. and Easter 26 Eliz.

^ Chancery Proceedings, Scries ll, •• Ibid. Mich. 35 and 36 Eliz.

bundle 67, no. 20. ■'' D.C.M. v. 50.
' Feet of Fines, Somerset, Trinity

CH. XIV. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 453

saide manner and call them and say * Arise, sleepers of
Mynehead ' three times, * and beare witness that the tithing-
man of Staunton hath done his duty '. And if he doe not
the same, he shall forfeit 3J. 4^. " ^

John Downe, son of Dr. Richard Downe, matri-
culated at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1665. In a
list of the feodary rents due to the Honour of Dunster
Castle in 1685, he is entered as liable for is. in
respect of the manor of Staunton Fry. From him it
passed to his brother Richard, at whose death in
1692, it was divided between his two sisters, Mary
the wife of John Blake, and Anne the wife of Edward
Carpenter. By a will dated in 1 7 1 8, Anne Carpenter
bequeathed her moiety to her nephew John Blake,
who also got his mother's moiety. On his death
without issue in 1727, three quarters of the manor
passed to his sister Joan the relict of Lewis Gregory,
of Barnstaple, and her descendants eventually ob-
tained the other quarter which had passed to the
children of her sister Elizabeth Lee. Her son,
George Gregory, clerk, of Combe Martin in Devon-
shire, was succeeded by his son Lewis Gregory of
Barnstaple, who, in December 1760, caused the
manor of Staunton to be put up for sale by auction
at Dunster. A purchaser was found in the person of
Jonathan Hall, gentleman, who, however, did not
long survive.

By a will executed in 1764, this Jonathan Hall
bequeathed his manor of Staunton, otherwise Staunton
Fry, to his great-nephew Richard Hall Clarke, subject
to the life interests of the father and the two uncles
of the legatee.

The old feodary rent of is. was duly paid in the
following year. After clearing off all encumbrances

' Hancock's Minehead, p. 21 1.

454 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xiv.

on the Staunton estate, Richard Hall Clarke sold it
outright to Henry Fownes Luttrell, in 1774, for
5,500/. Thus after many centuries it was reunited
to the Dunster estate.

It has been seen above that the householders in
Staunton were as such electors for the parliamentary
borough of Minehead. Although they were but few
in number, the formality of a court baron was main-
tained there down to the year 1854, and perhaps
even later. There are now no traces of a manor-
house and it is clear that from a very early period
the successive lords of Staunton were absentees.

FRAGMENT OF ANCIENT GLASS,
DUNSTER CHURCH.

CHAPTER XV.

The Manor of Alcombe,

The history of Alcombe is singularly uneventful.
Although a manor of very ancient origin, it has not
had a resident lord since the Norman Conquest. In
the reign of Edw^ard the Confessor, it belonged to a
certain Algar, w^hose estate there was assessed at one
hide. Like many other places in the neighbour-
hood, it W2LS granted by William the Conqueror to
William de Mohun, and it was in his possession at
the time of the Domesday Survey. The demesne
then comprised three virgates, for the cultivation of
which the lord had one plough and four serfs. The
remaining virgate was in the hands of three villeins
and four bordars, who had two ploughs. Mention is
also made of eight acres of meadow and three furlongs
of pasture. The live stock comprised a riding-horse,
five beasts (animaliaj and two hundred sheep. The
yearly value of the estate was 20j., as in the previous
reign. ^

Between the years 1090 and iioo, William de
Mohun gave the whole of Alcombe unreservedly to
the Benedictine monks of Bath, and so it became part
of the endowment of their cell at Dunster. ^ A
questionable document of later date sets out minutely
the boundaries of the hide of land there belonging

' Domesday Book. * See page 383 above.

456 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xv.

to them. ^ From the end of the eleventh century to
the middle of the sixteenth, the history of Alcombe
is almost blank, the manorial court-rolls and accounts
having ahke disappeared. Two incidental notices show-
that there was a chapel there near ' le Lynch ' dedicated
to St. Michael. ^ As part of the pre-Norman Hun-
dred of Minehead and Cutcombe, Alcombe was
exempt from suit to the hundred court of Carhamp-
ton, but its tithing-man was required to appear at the
half-yearly ' law days ' at Minehead. ^

After the suppression of the monasteries by Henry
the Eighth, John Luttrell, his agent, rendered a series
of yearly accounts of the profits of the manor of
Alcombe, divided under seven sub-heads. First came
the rents of three freeholders, John Sydenham of
Brympton being liable for ioj in respect of land called
Wyneard and Pytte, Nicholas Bratton of Bratton for
8j. in respect of land at Sparkhayes in Porlock, and
the heirs of Bythemore for 4^. in respect of land
called Wilaller in Wythycombe ; there was, however,
considerable difficulty in collecting these amounts.
Secondly, there were the rents of ' customary tenants, '
or copyholders, of houses and cottages in Alcombe.
Thirdly, there were rents from Budcombe (sic),
Keynsham (sic), Cowbridge, Frackford and Marsh.
Fourthly there were rents of ' conventionary tenants, '
or leaseholders, in Alcombe. Fifthly, there were
rents from lands and tenements in Dunster. Sixthly,
there were rents from land in Carhampton. Lastly,
there were the proceeds of the manorial courts. *

After remaining for some time in the possession of
the Crown, the manor of Alcombe was, in 1561,

' Two Chartularies of Bath, L. 845 ; » D. C. M. xxvi. 4, 6, 8 ; xxvii. 10, 11 ;

Dugdale's Monasticonvol. iv. p. 202. xxviii. 13, 15.

2 Two Chartularies of Bath, L. 940 ; * Ministers' Accounts, Hen. VHI.
Calendar of Patent Rolls 1^6^-1 47 7, p. 65.

CH. XV. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 457

sold to Sir George Speke of Whitelackington, whose
first wife was a daughter of Sir Andrew Luttrell of
Dunster. ' He died in March 1584, seised of it and
of lands in and near Alcombe, which had formerly
belonged to the Benedictine monks. ^ The same
estate is mentioned in the inquisition taken after the
death of his grandson, George Speke, fifty-six years
later. ^ John Speke of Whitelackington is mentioned
as one of the principal owners of land in Dunster in
1 7 1 6. * Courts are stated to have been held at Alcombe
in the early part of the eighteenth century about once
in three years, but without any sworn jury or homage.

In or about 1722, Colonel Speke sold the whole of
his estate at or near Alcombe in small sections. The
' royalty ' of the manor, with various small ' chief
rents ' from freeholders, was then bought for about
20/. by Aldred Escott, whose family already owned
property there. ° In 1830, the manor belonged to
the Rev. T. Sweet Escott of Hartrow, and it now
belongs to his grandson, the Rev. W. Sweet Escott. ^
On the sale of the Speke estate, most of the tenants
purchased their respective holdings, but in course of
time many of these have been acquired by the Lutt-
rells of Dunster Castle. Until the disfranchisement
of Minehead, the votes of the householders of
Alcombe, which was within that parliamentary
borough, were of some importance.

In recent years, many new houses have been built
at Alcombe, and there is now a chapel there served
by the Vicar of Dunster and his curate. Several
picturesque buildings of the sixteenth or seventeenth
century remain.

>OriginaliaRoll,4Eliz. part5,m. 105. * Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

^ Inq. post mortem, C. U. 205 (198). iv. p. 102.

' Inq. post mortem, C. H, 552 (126). * Savage's History of the Hundred oj

* D. C. B. Carhampton, pp. 449, 354.

g

CHAPTER XVI.

Lower Marsh.

The interesting old house now known as Lower
Marsh stands near to the disused sea-port of Dunster
and near to the modern railway-station. Although
it is actually in the parish of Carhampton, its success-
ive owners have always been so closely connected
with Dunster that a brief account of them will not
be out of place here.

Going back two full centuries before the erection
of the existing house, we find in an ' extent ' of the
year 1266 of the manor of Dunster, including that
of Carhampton : —

" Agnes of Marsh holds a ferling of land for sixteen
capons to be rendered at Christmas and Easter, and she
does suit like the said Gilbert (atte Cross), and she shall
have in every year six cows and six calves in La Waterlete
quit of herbage. " ^

In an undated rental which may be ascribed to
the reign of Richard the Second, a certain John
Ryvers is entered as rendering sixteen capons to the
lady of the manor for his tenement at Marsh. ^ In
141 1, John Ryvers and Robert Ryvers were amerced
6d. apiece in the court of the borough of Dunster
for a breach of the peace against Thomas Yartc.
The stick of the former was found to be of no value

' D.C.M. VIII, 4. * D.C.M. xviii. 4.

CH. XVI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 459

and the dagger of the latter fetched 4^. when sold
by the constables, probably to the owner himself. ^
John Ryvers was still living in 1421, when he was
entered as paying y. 4^. a year for pasture in the
East Marsh, in addition to the sixteen capons for his
freehold at Marsh. Being then woodward to Sir Hugh
Luttrell, he had a house and twenty acres of land free
from rent. ^

Robert Ryvers of Marsh mentioned above may
confidently be identified with the person of that name
who was successively bailiff of Dunster and steward
of the household and receiver-general to Sir John
Luttrell, and afterwards to Dame Margaret his relict.
That he was a man of considerable means is clear
from the fact that he could advance large sums of
money to her, taking silver vases and cups in part
payment.' He died in April 1441, leaving as his
co-heirs four young daughters. All his property,
scattered in different parts of Dunster and Carhamp-
ton, had been conveyed to feoffees in the previous
year, and it is not unlikely that most of it had been
already sold. *

John Loty ' the younger ' became a burgess of
Dunster in 1440, and the former Ryvers estate was
vested in him and his descendants for more than
three centuries.* He was constable of Dunster Castle
in the later years of the reign of Henry the Sixth,
and the trusted feoffee of Sir James Luttell in various
legal transactions. ^ Dying in September 1462, he
was succeeded by a son of the same name. ^

By the year 148 1 at latest, the ancient rent of sixteen

> D.C.M. X. 3. * D.C.M. XII. 2.

» D.C.M. XVIII. 7. « D.C.M. xviii. 14 ; Inq. post mortem,

» D.C.M. I. 17 ; XI. 3 ; xxxvii, il, 12. i Edw. IV. no. 43.
Seepage 117 above. ^ D.C.M. xii. 4; Inq. post mortem

* Inq. post mortem, 19 Henry VI. 2 Edw. IV. no. 23.
no. 31.

460 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xvi.

capons had been commuted into a monetary payment
of 8j. ^ John Loty the third seems, like his father,
to have had some connexion with Dunster Castle.
In 1487, Nicholas Bratton of Bratton, esquire, and
others were charged with having broken the pound-
fold of Hugh Luttrell, esquire, at Nether Marsh, and
taken away twenty ewes, while certain other persons
were charged with having, on the same day, lain in
wait for John Loty at Nether Marsh with intent to
murder him. ^ An undated rental of the later part
of the fifteenth century shows John Loty to have
been by far the largest proprietor of burgages at
Marsh and in the main streets of Dunster, paying
upwards of 14^. a year at Martinmas to the lord of
the borough. ^ Another rental of the year 1496
shows him to have also owned various pieces of land
at Carhampton. * We may fairly suppose that the
Lotys, like the Ryvers before them, as agents of
successive Luttrells, had opportunities of acquiring
little pieces of land on their own account by purchase
or by foreclosure of mortgages.

The earlier portion of the house at Lower Marsh,
including a little chapel over the porch, with three
mullioned windows, two niches for statues and a carved
wooden roof, may perhaps be ascribed to John Loty
the third. He died in June 1499, leaving a widow
Joan, who continued to occupy his free tenement then
called ' Mershe Place. ' She is known to have been
the rehct of John Bratton of Bratton in the parish of
Minehead, and a statement that she was a daughter
of Richard Chichester of Arlington in Devonshire is
confirmed by the fact that Richard Chichester was a
party to the settlement made upon her by her second

• D.C.M. XIX. 4 ; XX. 38. ^ D.C.M. xv. 5.

» D.C.M. XXXI. 10. * D.C.M. XIX. 4 ; xx. 38.

LOWER MARSH.

THE KNTRANCE.

CH. XVI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 461

husband. A bill which she filed in Chancery against
her "unnatural" son, Robert Loty, shows that she had
three daughters, Margaret, Elizabeth and Jane, whose
interests she was anxious to protect. She lived to a
considerable age and died in 1518. ^

Robert Loty, son and heir of John, predeceased his
mother. By a will dated and proved in 1 510, he
gave directions that he should be buried in the church
of Carhampton, but he also left money to the light
of St. Leonard in the Priory Church of Dunster and
to the lights of Our Lady and St. George in the
parochial part of that building. ^ Joan his relict had
a large and varied experience of matrimony. Soon
after his death, she became the wife of Silvester Syden-
ham of North Petherton, who died in June 1525. ^
Thirdly, she was " mareyed and espousyd " to John
Luttrell, brother of Sir Andrew Luttrell of Dunster
Castle. This union was, however, dissolved by a
sentence in the legatine court of Cardinal Wolsey.
The grounds of the divorce are not known, though it
is stated to have been granted " according to the lawys
of the church. " The lady was a daughter of Thomas
Flamank, one of the leaders of the Cornish rebellion
of 1497, ^^^ ^°^ of kindred or affinity to the Luttrells.
Perhaps there was some question of a precontract.
At any rate she proceeded to marry a fourth husband,
Peter Fauntleroy of Fauntleroy's Marsh in Dorset.

According to bills filed in the Court of Star
Chamber, John Luttrell subjected his former wife and
her new husband to systematic persecution during a
great part of the year 1528. He and his men drove

' Inq. post mortem, C. II. 14 (139); ' Somerset Medieval Wills, (ed. Wea-

E. II, 158 (12); Early Chancery Proceed- ver) vol. ii, p. 142.

ings, bundle 332, nos. 97, 98 ; Chadwick ^ Inq. post mortem, E. 11. 913 (9).

Heaiey's History of part of West Somei- ''Star Chamber Proceedings, Hen.

set, pp. 329, 331 ; b. CM. XXVIII. 19. VIII. 15, nos. 32-34; 24, no. 188.

462 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xvi.

away three hundred of her sheep on one occasion and
sixty on another. They killed her doves and pigeons.
Entering the house called ' Foremarsh ' at different
times, they carried off deeds, household goods and even
w^earing apparel. They also flooded the lov^er chambers
by cutting the dykes in the neighbourhood. The
tenants on the estate were incited to disregard the
Fauntleroys, and people in general were requested to
withhold the necessary supplies of meat and drink.
In modern parlance, a ' boycott ' was proclaimed
against them. Steps were also taken to deprive them
of the consolations of religion. A certain William
Horsman was sent to Dunster Church to break up the
pew which Silvester Sydenham had made there by
consent of the parishioners, and although the lady
still had a domestic chaplain, John Luttrell prevented
him from celebrating mass by carrying off the chalice.

To these and other charges, partly fictitious, John
Luttrell would not make any detailed reply. He
took his stand on the common law of the realm as
administered by the regular judges. It is, however,
worthy of remark that he describes the complainants
as " Peter Fauntleroy and Jane supposed to be wyeff
onto the said Peter. " We may reasonably suppose
that, in virtue of his marriage to the widow, he claimed
the enjoyment of all the lands and rents that had
been settled on Robert Loty and Joan his wife in
April 1 5 I o.

Although the judgments of the court of Star
Chamber are no longer extant, it seems clear that
Joan Fauntleroy got the best of the controversy. She
was entered as owing suit to the court of the Hundred
of Carhampton in 1534, and to that of the borough
of Dunster two years later. ' At her death, the

' D.C.M. XIX. 6; XIII. 3.

CH. XVI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 463

whole of the property covered by the entail of i 5 1 o
passed to her sister-in-law, Elizabeth Poynes, or
Poyntz, of Mettcombe in Devon, relict of Richard
Poyntz, whose eldest son, Edward, married Margaret
daughter of Amias Chichester of Arlington, a member
of a well-known Roman Catholic family. ^ At the
inquisition taken after the death of this Edward
Poyntz in 1583, it was found that he held twenty-
two burgages and two messuages in Dunster in free
socage at a yearly rent of i/. 2s. 2d. to George
Luttrell, their actual value being twenty times as
much. His messuage called 'Foremarsh,' with fifty
acres adjoining, was found to be held of the manor
of Carhampton at a fixed yearly rent of 15J. 4^.
also far below the value. ^

In accordance with directions contained in his will,
Edward Poyntz was buried in the parish church of
Dunster, apparently in the eastern part of the northern
aisle of the nave. His epitaph was carved on a stone
that had formerly been the slab of an altar. ^

Robert Poyntz, the eldest surviving son of Edward
and Margaret, obtained from his cousin Ursula Syden-
ham a grange and land at Leigh in the parish of Old
Cleeve and went to live there. By a will dated and
proved in 161 1, he directed that his body should be
buried in the church of Old Cleeve, though he also
left money for the maintenance of the chapel at
Leigh. He bequeathed his ' manor ' of Foremarsh
and other lands in Dunster and Carhampton to his
eldest son Giles. ^

* Chancery Proceedings, Series ii, ' Savage's History of the Hundred oj
bundle 89, no. 43 ; Brown's Somersetshire Carhampton, p. 41 1 ; Hancock's Dunster
Wills, vol. vi, p. 32. Church and Priory, p. 82 ; Brown's

* Inq. post mortem, C. II. 203 (5). Somersetshire Wills, vol. vi, p. 32.
The rent of 15s. 4^. was composed of a * Ibid. p. 34; Inq. post mortem, C. 11.
'high rent' of 12s and 3s. 4^. for 324(144).

common at the Marsh. D.C.M. iii. 12.

464 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xvi.

This Giles Poyntz was admitted a student of the
Inner Temple in 1619. Some twelve years later, he
paid 30/. to the Crown for relief from the burden of
knighthood. ^ He was afterwards proscribed by the
authorities of the Commonwealth as a Papist and a
Delinquent, and his estates were " forfeited for trea-
son. " Although his then wife Agnes was allowed
to retain a fifth part of them, his own petition for
leave to compound was rejected, and his lands at
Leigh, Dunster and Carhampton were, in 1653, sold
to Thomas Wharton of Gray's Inn. The farm called
Lower Marsh was at that time rented by Nicholas Blake
of Dunster.^ In the same year Giles Poyntz married
a second wife. Prudence, daughter of George Rowe
of Staverton. ^ By a will made after the Restoration,
he bequeathed 20s. apiece to his Catholic servants,
and 200/. to be paid in a manner known by his wife,
meaning presumably for the maintenance of a priest
at Leigh. *

Clement Poyntz, who succeeded on the death of
his father Giles in 1660, died without issue in 1685,
having bequeathed all his lands to his mother Pru-
dence. The heir-at-law, however, Giles Poyntz of
Arlington, son of Edward, son of John, a younger son
of Edward Poyntz of Dunster mentioned above, seems
to have questioned the validity of the will. The
widow therefore took it up to London. When she
arrived, the town was in a turmoil on account of the
flight of James the Second. Fearing therefore that
her precious documents would not be safe at her
lodgings in Drury Lane, she deposited them in the

' Somerset & Dorset Notes & Queries, ' Vivian's Visitations of Devon,

vol. iv, p. 118. p. 660.

* Calendar of Committee for Com- * Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

pounding, p. 3010; S. P. Doin. Inter- vi, p. 36.
regnum, G. 167. f. i.

CH. XVI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 465

house of the Spanish Ambassador in Wild Street,
close by. She could hardly have chosen a worse place.
" The wrabble, being very tumultuous, " broke into
the Embassy and " ryffled it, " scattering the contents
of her trunk " up and dov^n the streets. " Some she
managed to recover, and the will was eventually up-
held.' By her own will made in 1 69 1 , she bequeathed
her property at Leigh, her manor and lordship of
Dunster and Carhampton, and her burgage tenements
at Dunster to Robert Rowe of Kingston in the parish
of Staverton in Devonshire, who seems to have been
her nephew. According to one account, she had
made arrangements for the maintenance of a Bene-
dictine chaplain at Leighland who was to have his
diet free, a horse, and a salary of 7/. However this
may be, her will contained a provision that, notwith-
standing the unkindness shown to her by Giles Poyntz
of Bachet in ArHngton, and in consideration of his
relationship to her late husband, he should be allowed
to have her lands on payment of 600/. to Robert
Rowe, her principal legatee.^

Giles Poyntz did not take full advantage of the
option thus given to him, but, by some amicable
agreement with Rowe, he obtained the property at
Dunster and Carhampton, thenceforward quite sepa-
rate from the property at Leighland and Leigh
Barton. In a will executed in 1714, he describes
himself as " of Yarnscombe " in the county of Devon,
and he was buried there in the following year. His
manor, " or reputed manor, " of Foremarsh was by
this will put into the hands of trustees, but his relict,
Anne, got the barton of Marsh, that is to say Lower
Marsh, and some land around it, for her life, in lieu

' Chancery Proceedings, Reynardson » Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

421, no. 120; 425, no. i6i. vi, p. 38.

466 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. ch. xvi.

of dower, with 5/. a year out of " conventionary and
other rents of the said manor.

In the early part of the reign of George the First,
this Anne Poyntz was registered as one of the Roman
CathoHc landowners in Somerset. ^ There is nothing
to show whether she ever kept a priest at Lower
Marsh, to minister in the little chapel over the porch.
It is more likely that a priest came over occasionally
from Leighland, where there was usually a Benedictine
or a Jesuit in residence until the early part of the
nineteenth century. ^ A cursory glance at a Poyntz
pedigree, showing three Prudences, three Temperan-
ces, and a Christian, might suggest that the family
had a leaning towards Puritanism, if intermarriages
with Chichester and Rowe did not show it to have
been Catholic. Several members of it are recorded
to have been buried at Arlington " without a priest,"
that is to say " unattended by a lawful presbyter of
the Church of England. " '

Giles Poyntz, the eldest son of Giles and Anne
mentioned above, was buried at Dunster in May
173 1, when most of the property passed under an
entail to his brother John. Anne, their mother died
three years later. When Henry Fownes Luttrell
was making the Park at Dunster, he might have
been put to some inconvenience if John Poyntz had
refused to part with a little piece of land near Hensty.
By this time the family had apparently ceased to
reside in West Somerset. John Poyntz was a member
of Gray's Inn ; one of his unmarried sisters lived at
Weston in Buckinghamshire, and another at Arling-

' P.C.C. Fagg. f. 163. » Oliver's Collections, pp. 62, 181, 182,

' Oliver's Collections illustrating the 229, 239, 242, 263, 312, 334, 341, 356,

history of the Catholic Religion, p. 172. 401,415,432.

Cosins Names of Roman Catholics, * Ibid. p. 387.

Nonjurors, &c. (1862) p. 100.

CH. XVI. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 467

ton. ^ All their houses and lands in Dunster and
Carhampton were let, mostly for lives. Some five
years later, in 1760, they agreed to sell them outright
to Henry Fow^nes Luttrell for the very lov^ sum of
2400/.'' The fine levied for this purpose enumerates
18 messuages, 25 cottages, 40 gardens, 20 orchards,
150 acres of arable land, 30 of meadow, 80 of pasture,
10 of wood, 100 of furze and heath, 20 of moor, and
common of pasture for all manner of cattle in Dunster
Marsh, East Marsh, Lutts (Loty's) Marsh, Colebor-
row, Croydon, Townswood, Holly Hill, etc. together
with the * manor ' of Foremarsh. More precise
particulars are given in the ' recovery.' The farm at
Lower Marsh alone yielded 49/. a year and, the
property comprised houses in High Street, New
Street, St. George's Street, West Street and Gallock-
street, and many isolated pieces of land adjacent to
others belonging to the Luttrell estate.^ From every
point of view the transaction was very advantageous
to the purchaser and his successors. Of course they
lost the ancient ' chief rent ' of 1 2s. and the burgage
rents of i/. zs. zd, due from Poyntz and his prede-
cessors.

' In an elaborate but not too accurate 1732 under the name of Beaumont.

Memoir of the Family of Poyntz (p. 278), ^ Feet of Fines, Somerset, Easter 33

Sir John Maclean has confounded John Geo. II.

Poyntz of Gray's Inn, the vendor of * Recovery Rolls, Hilary 33 Geo. II.

Foremarsh, with his namesake and m. 95; Trinity 33-34 Geo. II. m. 50.
contemporary, who became a Jesuit in

ELIZABETHAN CHALICE AND PATEN,
DUNSTER CHURCH.

APPENDIX A.

The Mohuns of Ham Mohun in Dorset.

Among the estates granted by the Conqueror to William
de Mohun was one at Ham in Dorset, which in course of
time came to be known as Ham Mohun, since corrupted
into Hammoon. ^ William de Mohun the Fourth of Dunster
appears to have granted it to his brother Geoffrey, to be held
of the Honour of Dunster on the usual conditions of mili-
tary service. Geoffrey, however, got into trouble in the
reign of Richard the First through adhering to the King's
brother, John, Count of Mortain, and his lands were for-
feited. For more than four years from 1 193, the King's
ministers gathered the profits of the manor of Ham, usually
reckoned at 7/. ^

In the summer of 1198, John de Mohun, a brother of
Geoffrey, succeeded in obtaining possession of Ham, on
promising to pay 30/. to the Crown, a sum six times as large
as that which was ordinarily exacted by way of relief on
succession to one knight's fee. ^ Furthermore, in 1 201, he
undertook to pay 20 marks for seisin of land at Brinkley, in
Cambridgeshire, which had been given to him by his brother
William, but afterwards taken into the King's hand.* The
accounts for scutage in that year show that he held two fees,
one doubtless at Brinkley and the other at Ham. ** Some
seven years later, his rights at both these places were chal-
lenged by his nephew, Reynold de Mohun, who had suc-
ceeded to the Dunster estate after a long minority. There

» The pedigree of this family given * Rohili de Oblatis, p. 136 ; Rotulus

inHutchins's//is/or>'o/Dorsc^isa tissue Canccllarii, p. 142.

of errors. » Rotuli de Oblatis, p. 170 ; Rotulus

' Pipe Rolls. Cancellarii, p. 143.

' Ibid, ; Rotulus Cancellarii, p. 204.

470 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

were two separate suits between them. In one, Reynold
claimed that Ham ought to belong to him in demesne,
possibly on the ground that the King's grant of it to John
had ceased to be valid when he came of age, while John
maintained that Reynold was merely the overlord, as owner
of the Honour of Dunster. ^ The other suit seems to have
turned upon a question whether John had ever received
actual seisin of the land at Brinkley. In this case the court
decided that Godeheut de Mohun, John's mother, had died
seised of it in fee and that Reynold was her heir. ^ Event-
ually, an arrangement seems to have been made that John
de Mohun should hold Ham and Brinkley alike under the
lord of Dunster.

This Sir John de Mohun was deprived of his lands in
Dorset for siding with the barons against King John, but
they were restored to him in 12 17, when he made his peace
with the government of Henry the Third. ^ He died in
1 22 1. * On his death-bed he had given instructions that
he should be buried at Salisbury, in the cathedral church of
the diocese in which he usually lived, but as the corpse
rested for a night in the church of Bruton, the Prior and
Convent of that place took upon themselves to inter it there
among the bodies of his ancestors and cousins. They
thereby incurred the wrath of the Bishop and the Chapter of
Salisbury, and they eventually had to make public apology,
undertaking to hand over the corpse or such part of it as
might be claimed. ^

William de Mohun, son and heir of John, arranged,
in 1222, to pay 12 marks to the Crown by way of relief on
succession to lands which are described as held in chief, but
which were more probably in the hands of the King as
guardian of the heir of the overlord, Reynold de Mohun
of Dunster. ® Under the name of * WilUam de Moun of
Hamme', he, in 1252, obtained licence to hunt the hare, the

* Curia Regis Roll, no. 48, mm, 6, 11; (R. S.), pp. 225, 226. If the transcript is
no. 50, mm. 6, 8, II. correct, the date of the apology is

* Ibid. no. 47, m. 3 ; no. 48, m.jd. between 1228 and 1235. The editor has

* Rotuli Litterarunt Clausarum, vol. erroneously identified " J. de Mayna "
i. pp. 300, 303. with Reynold de Mohun's son John,

* Excerpta e Rotulis Finium, vol. i. who was living in 1254.

p. 77- * Excerpta e Rotulis Finium, vol, i.

* Sarum Charters and Documents p. 79.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 471

fox, and the cat in the forests of Dorset, and exemption
from service on juries and the like. ^ He occurs in connex-
ion with Brinkley in 1234, and, in 1253, he received a royal
charter for a market and fair at that place. ^ He is describ-
ed as a knight in 1255.^ He was still living in 1261, when
the day of the market was altered from Wednesday to
Tuesday, at the instance of the King's daughter Beatrice. *
Sir William de Mohun was the last of the family to hold
the estate in Cambridgeshire together with that in Dorset.
In 1285, it was found that Andrew de Mohun held a
knight's fee at Brinkley, and John de Mohun a knight's
fee at Ham, under John de Mohun of Dunster, recently
deceased. ^ Andrew de Mohun of Brinkley made a settle-
ment on his wife Maud in 1301. ^ A later Andrew occurs
in connexion with Cambridgeshire in 1353. ^ Brinkley had
long ere this ceased to be reckoned as one of the fees held
of the Honour of Dunster. Nicholas Mohun occurs as
parson of the church of Ham Mohun in 1297. ^

After the time of William de Mohun, the manor of Ham
Mohun was held of the Honour of Dunster, by service of
one knight's fee, by a series of Mohuns named John. The
second of these Johns de Mohun died early in 133 1, leaving
a son and heir of the same name aged twenty-three. ^ This
John de Mohun, the third, did homage to the King for the
manor of Ham Mohun, the lord of Dunster being a minor
and a ward of the Crown. ^° He married firstly Matthia
daughter of Sir William Stokes, but had no issue by her.
They were both living in 1344. His second wife Hawis
survived him and afterwards married Walter Perle. "
John de Mohun the fourth, son of John and Hawis, left a
son of the same name, who died in 1407. His relict,
Sibyl, soon took another husband, John Harryes. ^^ As the

1 Patent Roll, 36 Hen. Ill, m. 4. ' Close Roll, 27 Edw. III. m. igd.

» Close Roll, 18 Hen. III. m. 17^., « Patent Roll, 25 Edw. I. m. 13^.

Patent Roll, 37-38 Hen. Ill, m. 11. ' Inq. post mortem, C. Edw. III. file

^ Patent Roll, 39 Hen. III. part 2. 29, no. 6.

m. 13d. '** Calendar of Close Rolls, 1 330-1 333,

* Charter Roll, 45 Hen. III. m. i. p. 448.

* Inq. post mortem, C. Edw. I. file " OriginaliaRoll, 27 Edw. Ill ; Feet
43 (6). of Fines, Dorset, Easter 42 Edw. III.

« Feet ot Fines, Cambridge, 29 "Assize Roll, no. 1519, mm. 26, 27,31.

Edw. I.

472 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

heir, John de Mohun the sixth, was only three years of age,
he became a ward of his overlord. Sir Hugh Luttrell of
Dunster. The nett income of the manor of Ham Mohun
was at this time valued at 8/, and, in February 1409, Sir
Hugh Luttrell granted two thirds of the manor to Thomas
Hody, to be held during the nonage of the heir at a yearly
rent of 8 marks. ^

John Mohun the sixth and last was for some years High
Steward of the borough of Dorchester. ^ He died in May
1479, seised of the manor of Whitchurch in Hampshire, and
the manors of Holcombe, Godmanston, Ham Mohun,
Fifehead Quyntyn, Child Okeford, Wolveton, Upwey (Wey
Bayhous), and Combe Deverell and various lands in Dorset.
He was succeeded by his grandson, John Trenchard, aged
over twenty-six, son of his daughter Christine. ^

The Mohuns of Fleet in Dorset.

A branch of the Mohun family was seated for six gener-
ations at Fleet near Weymouth. It might be supposed to
have sprung from the Mohuns of Ham Mohun in the same
county, if the arms which it bore were not more similar to
those of the Mohuns of Dunster. A pedigree compiled in
1606 by William Dethick, Garter King of Arms, but not
registered at the Heralds' College, appears to be the author-
ity for deducing its origin from Sir Robert Mohun of
Porlock, the second son of Sir John Mohun of Dunster
who died in 1330. * This Sir Robert is stated to have been
the great-great-grandfather of John Mohun of Ottery in
Devon, father of Richard Mohun, father of Robert Mohun
with whom the official pedigree begins. ^

' D.C.M. IV. 15, i6, 22. * Genealogical details in this section

' Municipal Records oj Dorchester, not authenticated by specific references

pp. 291, 296, 298, 442. are based upon the Heralds' Visitation

* Inq. post mortem. 19 Edw. IV. of Dorset, 1620, and the account of
no. 51 ; Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1467- Fleet given in Hutchins's History of
1477, p. 293. Dorset, vol. ii. pp. 741-749.

* See page 40 above.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 473

Robert Mohun of Baunton died on the 14th of November

1580, seised of the manors of Loders Maltravers, Manger-
ton, and Fleet, the advowson of Fleet, the rectory of East
Chaldon, and other property in the neighbourhood. ^ A
brass in the church of Fleet represents him in armour, but
without a helmet, kneeling at a desk, with nine sons kneeling
behind, and his wife with eight daughters similarly kneeling
opposite. ^ The inscription runs : —

" Hicjacet Margarita uxor quondam castissima viri dignis-
simi Roberti Mohun alias Moun de Bothenhampton in
comitatu Dorcestrensi armigeri, qua quidem Margarita fuit
filia et coheres Stephani Hyde de Hyde in eodem etiam
comitatu armigeri, Hcec 17 Uherorum fielicissima fuit
parens. Fixit annos circiter 90, ac in Domino requiescit.
Obiit primo die Decembris anno regni serenissimi Jacobi
Anglorum regis 1° ac Scotia 36°, salutis 1603. "

Although there were no less than seventeen children, the
names of only three are known : —
Robert, heir to his father.
Maximilian, heir to his brother.

John, matriculated at St. Alban Hall, Oxford, in 1586,
and was admitted a student of the Middle Temple
in 1 59 1. His daughter Anne died in 1600.

Robert Mohun, son and heir of Robert and Margaret,
matriculated at St. Alban Hall in 1577, being then nineteen
years of age. He afterwards married Meliora daughter
of ... Pitt of Blandford, and by her had issue three
daughters : —

Meliora, born in 1587, married to ... Daccomb.

Margaret, born in 1588, married to ... Hele.

Anne, born in 1594, married to ... Hele.
Robert Mohun the second died in 1598, when the
entailed estates passed to his brother. ^

Maximilian Mohun matriculated at St. Alban Hall in

1 58 1, being then sixteen years of age. He afterwards
became a student at the Middle Temple. He married, on
the 4th of October 1593, Anne daughter and coheiress of

' Inq. post mortem. C. II. 193 (45). West, p. 330.

' An engraving of this brass is given * Inq. post mortem, C. II. 252 (35).

in Hamilton Rogers's Memorials of the

474 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

John Churchill of Corston. ' They and their five sons and
eight daughters are represented on a brass at Fleet bearing
the following inscription : —

" Hie jacet Maximilianus Mohun armiger, filius Roberti
Mohun alias Moun de Bothenhampton in comitatu Dorces-
trensij qui quidem Maximilianus una cum uxore castissima
AnnafiUa et coharede Johannis Churchill de Corston generosi
tredecim liberorum fcelicissimus fuit parens. Vixit annos
circiter 48 ac, vita bene beateque peracta^ in Domino requi-
escit. Obiit xiii°. die Octobris anno regni serenissimi Jacobi
Anglorum regis x°. ac Scotia xlv° anno salutis 1612."^

The names of twelve of the children are known : —

Maximilian, heir to his father.

Churchill, matriculated at Oxford in April 16 13, with
his elder brother. He died without issue.

Robert, of Buckham near Beaminster, a Major in the
Royalist army. ^ He was taken prisoner near Bridge-
water, and afterwards compounded for his estate.*
In 1634, he married Elizabeth daughter of John
Hillary of Meerhay.

John, born in 1605.

George, born in 1607.

Mary, born in 1595, married in 16 10 to Cornelius
Weston of Colyton in Devon. ^

Elizabeth, married to John GoUop. "

Anne.

Margaret, born in 1606.

Eleanor.

Thomasine, born in 16 10.

Catherine, born in 1612.

Maximilian Mohun the second was born in November
1596, and matriculated at Oxford in April 1613. In 163 1,
he paid 10/. for exemption from the duty of taking knight-
hood. ' By reason of his adherence to the King in the

> Hutchins's H/s/ory 0/ Dorse/, vol. ii. * Calendar of Committee for Com-

p. 45. pounding, p. 1684.

» This brass is engraved in Rogers's * Vivian's Visitations of Devon,p.7So.

Memorials of the West. The date of « Hulchins's History of Dorset, \o\.i\.

the death is placed ten days later in the p. 1 13.

inquisition. (C. II. 330, no. 94.) ' Somerset and Dorset Notes and

» Minute-books of Dorset Standing Queries, vol. iv. p. 18.
Committee, p. 366.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 475

Civil War, his estate was sequestered for about seven years,
during part of which he was in prison at Weymouth.
He was eventually allowed to compound for 1 540/. 1 8 j. 4^. *
He died in 1673. By Elizabeth his wife, daughter of
Francis Chaldecot of Whiteway, he had issue ten children,
the names of six of whom are known : —

Maximilian, baptized at his mother's old home at
Steple in March 1622. He was living in i65i,but
he predeceased his father.

Francis, heir to his father.

Robert, a Captain in the Royal Navy. He died in
1667.

William, who obtained a small property at Portishead
in Somerset, and married Mary daughter of Richard
Morgan of that place. He died on the 23rd of
March 168 1. His wife survived until the 25th of
July 1692. Their only son, Maximilian, seems to
have died young, as their property passed to Eliza-
beth their daughter, who married Sir Edward Fust,
bart. '

Edith, who died in 1672.

Elizabeth, who married Robert Yardly.

Francis Mohun was born about 1628. He was one of
the principal men in Dorset who refused to support the
repeal of the penal laws in 1688. ' A monument to him at
Fleet is more commendable for its brevity than for its
Latinity : —

" Vir dignissimus^ Franciscus Mohun armiger^ filius Maxi-
miliani qui fuit filius Maximi/iani Mohun^ obiit 25 Feb.
1711-12™°, anno atatis sua 84°.
Prisca fides^ cultusque Dei^ patriceque mentis
Fidus amor promavum excoluere virum. "

Eleanor his wife, daughter of Ralph Sheldon of Stanton
in Derbyshire, and niece of Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of
Canterbury, survived until 1722. She bore him three
children : —

' Calendar oj Committee for Com- History of Somerset, vol. iii. p. 145.

pounding, p. 1633. ' Somerset and Dorset Notes and

* Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. Queries, vol. v. p. 53.
ii. p. 15 ; vol. V. pp. 95, 98 ; Collinson's

476 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

Gilbert Maximilian, heir to his father.

Catherine, born in 1688, married in 1702 to Sir Edward

Fust, bart.
Elizabeth, born in 1671, married in 1698 to Robert

Broadrepp of Mapperton. She died in 1708. ^

Gilbert Maximilian Mohun was born in 1675. ^^
married firstly, in 1696, Elizabeth daughter of... Squibb,
and by her had issue two children : —

Gilbert Maximilian, who died young.
Elizabeth, born in 1700, married in 1720 to Thomas
Lyte of Lytescary in Somerset. ^ Their descendants
are the representatives of the Mohuns of Fleet.
After the death of his first wife in 1701, he married Sarah
daughter of Thomas Cooper of Sherborne. He died in
1721 ; she died in 1735. -^7 ^^^^ second marriage there
were four sons and two daughters.

Gilbert Maximilian Mohun the second is stated to
have been born in 1706. When, however, he matriculated
at Hart Hall, Oxford, in 1726, he was entered as sixteen
years of age. He married Dorothy daughter of Roger
Thompson and relict of Sir Edward Fust, bart. She died
in 1734. He died without issue in 1739, when the estate
passed to his brother Francis, an intermediate brother,
Thomas, having died in 1727.

Francis Mohun was born in 171 3. He was third
Lieutenant on the Victory in October 1744, when the ship
was lost, and the estate passed to Robert, the youngest of
the four brothers. ^

Robert Mohun, the last male member of this branch of
the Mohun family, was born in 17 15. He died unmarried
in 1758, and the remains of the property were then divided
between his two sisters. His father's eldest daughter,
Elizabeth Lyte, being only his half-sister, was not accounted
one of the coheirs. Fleet went to his sister Sarah, the wife
of Thomas Farwell and afterwards of John Gould of Upway.

' Hnichms' 5 History of Dorset^ voX.'n. iv. p. 117 ; Proceedings of the Somerset
p. 159. Archceological Society, vol. xxxviii. p. 8i.

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. ' Admiralty List Book 24.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 477

She died without issue in August 1774, aged 63. ^ In the
absence of any effectual entail, her share eventually passed
to a son of her second husband by a former wife, not
descended from the Mohuns. Judith, the youngest child
of Gilbert Maximilian Mohun the first, married firstly
Edward Tizard and secondly Henry Worral. Surviving
them, she died in December 1788, aged 71. '

The Mohuns of Hall and Boconnoc
IN Cornwall. ^

Sir Reynold de Mohun, a younger son of Sir John de
Mohun of Dunster, the third of that name, by Ada Tibetot
his wife, seems to have been born at the end of the thir-
teenth century or the beginning of the fourteenth. The
earliest notice of him is in 1323, when he received royal
pardon for his share in the rebellion of the Earl of Lan-
caster and Roger Mortimer. * In the two following years
he was in Guienne on the King's service. ^ He went abroad
again in 1344, in the company of Henry of Lancaster,
Earl of Derby. ^ From his father he received the manor of
Ugborough in Devonshire, but only for the term of his
life. '

There is a story of very doubtful origin that Sir Reynold
de Mohun, coming into Fowey harbour with soldiers bound
for Ireland, let fly a hawk at some game which came down
in the garden at Hall, and that he thus first met the
daughter of the owner, Elizabeth Fitzwilliam, whom he
afterwards made his wife. ^ The circumstances connected
with their marriage are so singular as to justify an attempt

' Hutchins's ///s/ory 0/ Dorset, vol. i. 7527, p. 63.
p. 345. * Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1 324-1 ^2 J,

* Ibid. p. 344. pp. 12, 178 ; Calendar of Close Rolls
^ Genealogical details in this section 1323-1327, p. 376.

not authenticated by specific references ® Rymer's Fcedcra, vol. iii. p. 11.

are based upon Vivian's Visitations of ' Feet of Fines, Devon, 21 Edw. III.

Cornwall. ® Gilbert's History of Cornwall, vol.

* Calendar of Patent Rolls,i 321-1324, ii. p. 410.
p 351 ; Calendar of Close Rolls, 1323-

478 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

to unravel a very complicated story out of legal and
episcopal records of the time.

In the first place it is clear that Elizabeth Fitzwilliam
was a considerable heiress, and that Sir John Daunay, a
powerful neighbour, had designs upon her property. In
July 1333, the Bishop of the diocese directed Master Richard
of Wideslade, Treasurer of Exeter, and Master John of
Stoke, Canon of Glasney, to proceed with a suit, partly
heard, for a divorce between Dame Elizabeth " of Boden-
neke " and Sir Reynold de Mohun. The lady so styled
was certainly Elizabeth Fitzwilliam, but it is not clear
whether she herself took any active part in the business.
When her husband obtained a royal writ of supersedeas
against Stoke, Wideslade was ordered to proceed alone if
necessary. In the following January, however, a fresh
commission was issued to Henry Bloyou, Canon of Exeter,
and Bartholomew de Castro, rector of St. Ives. The former,
it may be observed, had recently been rector of Cornwood,
a living in the gift of Sir John Daunay. Under his in-
fluence perhaps, these two churchmen pronounced a decree
of divorce, on the canonical ground that the lady had been
previously contracted to Thomas de Mohun, a brother of
Reynold. ^ From them the husband appealed to the court
of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whence a further appeal
was carried to the Roman Court. The Bishop of Bath and
Wells and the Abbot of Glastonbury, being appointed the
papal delegates in the case, referred it to the Abbots of
Buckland and Tavistock, who eventually re-affirmed the
original decree of divorce.

At this stage of the proceedings, the lady seems to have
fallen into the power of Sir John Daunay, who is stated to
have * eloigned ' her from Mohun. He seems further-
more to have got her married to a certain Henry Deneys.
According to Daunay, Mohun quit-claimed to him all his
right in Arworthal and several other Cornish manors, in
February 1336, and Elizabeth " daughter of Sir John
Fitzwilliam " did the like seven months later. His state-
ments as to this were, however, flatly contradicted. There
is clear evidence that, in May 1337, a fine was levied in the

' The chronicler of Nevvenham Ab- genealogy of the Mohuns. Archceolog-
bey does not give any Thomas in his teal Journal, vol. xxxvii. p. 89.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 479

King's court, by which Bodennek and another manor were
settled on Henry Deneys and Elizabeth his wife, for the
term of her life only, with remainder to Sir John Daunay.

It may be presumed that, after this, Mohun made a
successful appeal to the Pope, for, in February 1346, he
and Elizabeth his wife, now re-united to him, brought a
suit against Daunay, Deneys and others, to recover lands of
her inheritance of which they had been deprived. At the
trial, Deneys, although living, did not put in an appearance,
but the proceedings were stopped by the death of the prin-
cipal defendant. The Mohuns had therefore to bring a
fresh suit against Lady Daunay and others. Eventually
they recovered enormous damages from two parsons who
had been the accomplices or tools of Sir John Daunay. ^
Half a century later, Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon,
as grandson and heir of Sir John Daunay, made an attempt
to wrest from the Mohun family the property of which the
reversion had been settled on him by the fine of 1337-^

Sir Reynold de Mohun was succeeded by a son named
John, who is stated by the Heralds to have married Joan
St. Aubyn. Legal proceedings of the year 1397 show that
he left a widow named Isabel who married Sir Henry
Ivelcombe, and a son named Thomas, who was then under

This Thomas Mohun was m possession or some or
the Fitzwilliam inheritance in 1428. * In the church of
Lanteglos by Fowey there is a low altar-tomb under an
obtuse arch, with the effigy in brass of a man in plate-armour
and the following inscription : —

** ^ic jacent t^om<XB be ®Xo§un dc %o^anntB
yater ejus fifiue et ^erec (ge^inaf bi be (gto^un mifiixB
et <Bfi;a6et^e urorie eue, fifie et ^erebis 3o^annt6
Sit^wiffiam mifiiifi, qui [c^nibcm (j^t^ina^^m fuit]
cecunbuB frater So^dnnis uiiimi ©omini be (ttto^um
(Bt :f)rebtetu6 J^omdc o6iit... ^it mtmxB,,. dnno ©ontint

' Register of Bishop Grandisott, pp. y2, Assize Roll, 1434, m. 3 ; Feudal Aids,

410, 701, 721, 727, 1309 ; Placita de vol. i. pp. 214, 215, 218.

Banco, 346, m. 193 ; Year Books, 20 * Placita de Banco, 545, m. 332.

Edw. III. part. i. pp. 270-289 ; Feet of ^ Ibid.

Fines, Cornwall, 10 Edw. Ill; Inq. * Feudal Aids, vol.i. pp.22i, 22^-2:^1,

post mortem, 20 Edw. III. no. 33 ; 236.

48o A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.
miffeeimo CCCC,, Quorum (}i,rdmcAuti })ro^)icietur

The feet of the figures rest upon a lion, beneath which
there is the following verse : —

^* (|f)er)?tbednt cuixcix m ix<Kmxi ^fotia tnunbt *\

The brass must have been executed
during the lifetime of Thomas Mohun,
whose relations did not take the trouble
to supply the exact date of his death in
the middle of the fifteenth century.
With regard to the inscription, it should
be observed that Sir Reynold de Mohun
was not the brother, but the uncle, of
the last Mohun of Dunster, and that,
according to the contemporary chronicler
at Newenham, he was the fourth son,
not the second. Thomas Mohun, the
subject of the brass, is stated by the
Heralds to have married Elizabeth
daughter and heiress of Richard Hayre,
whose surname in this form is probably
a phonetic rendering of Eyr. ^

William Mohun, son and heir of
Thomas, is stated by the Heralds to
have married Joan Cavell. Some legal
proceedings taken by him, in 1442,
against the relict and the heir of Nicholas
Cavell of Bokelly are not inconsistent
with a theory that his wife was a daughter
of this Nicholas. *

William Mohun the second, stated
to have been son of William and Joan, married Isabel
daughter of Sir Hugh Courtenay of Boconnoc, eventually
one of the coheiresses of her brother, Edward, Earl of
Devon. ^ They left issue John and Thomas.

' Richard Eyr of Trewelesik is men- - Maclean's History of Trigg Minor,

tioned in a fine of 1370 ; Sir William vol. ii. p. 159.
Mohun held land there in 1588. ^ Inq. post mortem, C. II. 113 (4; 261).

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 481

John Mohun, son of William and Isabel, married Anne
daughter of Richard Coode of Morval. They both died of
the sweating sickness in September 1508. In the church of

Lanteglos there is a brass showing the effigies of John
Mohun in armour, but without a helmet, Anne his wife,
their five sons and their four daughters. It bears the fol-
lowing inscription : —

^k iacent tumufdta coti)ora 3o§anni6 Oto^un
dmi^eri et (^mt uxoxxb ejuc ftfie ©icdtbi Cobe
ixxmic^m tt <\m quibent ^o^dnneB fuit fifiuB et ^eres
n3?iffefmt (ttto^un drmigeri dc f forencie urone eju6 uniuc
0ororum (Ebwdrbi Courtnej^ Comiix& ©evonie et <^ui
<^uibem 3o^dnne0 et ®.nnd oSierunt tnen0e ^e^JtetnSm

482 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

infra ipiginti Cjuatuor ^orac ex infirmitate pocdtd ^ubore,
anno ©omini mbvii), <;|uorum (Xnima^m pxopititiux

The brass is not believed to be quite contemporary, and
the name of John Mohun's mother is incorrectly given. ^
Of the nine children represented the names of six are
known : —

John, who died on the 4th of January 1516, without

issue. ^
Edmund, who died young.
Roger, who died young.
Reynold, heir to his brother John.
Isabel, who married in 1537 John Nicolls of Penvoyce.*
Joan, who married John Rosuggan of Milledar. ^

Reynold Mohun, fourth son of John and Anne, suc-
ceeded his brother John in 15 16, being then eight or nine
years of age. ^ He was one of the esquires of the body to
Edward the Sixth. In 1552 and again in 1559 he served the
office of Sheriff of Cornwall.^ In 1566, he bought Boconnoc,
which became the principal residence of the family. ^ He
died on the 22nd of April 1567, possessed of considerable
property in the two western counties. ® By Joan his wife,
daughter of Sir William Trevanian, he had issue four sons
and as many daughters : —

William his heir.

Hugh, who died without issue.

Reynold, who died without issue.

John, who died without issue.

Isabel, who married Matthew Trewynard.

Jane, who married John Treffry of Treffry.

' Mr. Hamilton Rogers has given 1516 (not 1517) shows that the younger

three different versions of this inscrip- John Mohun was succeeded by his

tion. (Sepulchral Effigies of Devon, pp. brother Reynold.

115, 32g ; Memorials of the West, p. 277.) * Vivian, p. 344 ; Maclean's History

^ Haines's Monumental Brasses, vol. of Trigg Minor, vol. iii. p. 351.

ii. p. 40. ^ Vivian, p. 411.

^ Inq. post mortem, C. II. 78 (116.) * Patent Roll, 6 Edw. VI. part 9.

Col. Vivian charges the Heralds with ' List of Sheriffs, p. 22.

having omitted a generation. (Visita- ^ G'llheit's History of Cornwall, vol. i.

tions of Cornwall, p. 324.) The error p. 65.

is his own, as the inquisition taken in ^ Inq. post mortem, C. II. 150 (186.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 483

Anne, who married Francis Bellot of Corsham in

Wiltshire.
Honor.

William Mohun, son and heir of Reynold, was Sheriff
of Cornwall in 1571 and 1577. ^ He was knighted in
1583. ' He died on the 6th of April 1588. ' Elizabeth
his first wife, daughter and heiress of Sir John Horsey, had
borne him two sons and a daughter : —

Reynold his heir.

William, who married Honor, daughter and coheiress
of John Trencreke, and had issue : —

Nathaniel, married at Constantine in July 1624 to

Jane daughter of Thomas Trefusis.
Philip, who died young.
Thomas.

Mary, married at Constantine in 1626 to Thomas
Trefusis.
Edith, baptized at Fowey in August 1566, married to
Sir Ralph Horsey.

By a second wife, Anne, daughter of William Reskimer
and relict of John Trelawny of Menheniot, Sir William
Mohun had issue three sons and two daughters : —

William, baptized at Fowey on the ist of September

1 57 1. He died between June 161 1 and February

1 6 12, leaving a son Reynold.
Thomas.
Arundel, baptized at Fowey on the 1 6th of September

1575. He died without issue.
Jane, married firstly to Humphrey Courtenay of

MoUand and secondly to Sir John Speccot.
Bridget, married to Sir Thomas Arundel of Tolverne.

Reynold Mohun, eldest son of Sir William, was more
than twenty-three years of age at the time of his father's
death. He was knighted on the 25th of March 1599, and
created a baronet on the 25th of November 1611, afew
months after the institution of that order. In 1614, hewas
returned to the House of Commons for East Looe and in

' List of Sheriffs, p. 23. p. 82.

' ShiLw's Knights of Eugland, vol. ij. ' Inq. post mortem, C. II. 218 (43).

484 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

1625 for Lostwithiel. ^ The communion table in the
church at Boconnoc bears an inscription : — "Made by me
Sir Raynold Mohun, 1621. " Sir Reynold Mohun mar-
ried firstly, in 1589, Mary daughter of Sir Henry Killigrew.
By her he had issue an only son : —

William, the donor of an eared silver pot to Exeter
College, Oxford, in 1606. ^ He proceeded B.A.
in 1608, and was in that year admitted a student
of the Middle Temple. He died unmarried in
1613.
By a second wife, Philippa daughter of Sir John Hele
of Wembury, Sir Reynold Mohun had issue : —

John, his heir.

Elizabeth, baptized at St. Pinnock on the loth of
February 1593, married to Sir John Trelawny of
Trelawny.
By a third wife, Dorothy daughter of John Chudleigh of
Ashton, he had issue three sons and four daughters : —

Reynold, born about 1605. A bowl of silver gilt at
Exeter College was inscribed — "The gift of Rainold
Mohun to Exeter College, 1622. " ^ He proceeded
B.A. in 1624, and was admitted a student of the
Middle Temple in the following year. A settlement
was made in 1634 in consideration of his intended
marriage to Mary daughter of Sir George Southcote.
He died in or before 1642, leaving a widow named
Dorothy. He had two children, Reynold and Dor-
othy, both of whom died young.

Ferdinand, born about 161 2, commoner of Exeter
College, and the donor of a silver bowl in 1630.
He left no issue.

George, born about 1613. He left no issue.

Dorothy, born about 1604, married to Sir Henry
Carew of Bickleigh.

Bridget, married at Boconnoc on the 15th of April
1635 to John Nicholls of Trewane, and afterwards to
Sir James Smyth. *

' Return of Members of Parliament. ' Ibid. p. 2y6.

' Hoase's Register of Exeter College, * S. P. Doin. Interregnum, G. 7S-

P- 279- f. 173.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 485

Penelope, baptized at Boconnoc on the 29th of January
1609, married to William Drewe of Broad Hembury
in Devonshire. There is at Boconnoc a portrait of
her dated 1636, and a curious epitaph in memory of
her dated 1637 may be seen in the church/
Margaret, baptized at Boconnoc on the 27th of June
1 6 19, married to Charles Roscarrock of Trevenna.
She died in 1670.
Sir Reynold Mohun died on the 26th of December 1639. '
At Boconnoc there are portraits of him and one of his wives
attributed to Cornelius Jannsen.

John Mohun, the eldest surviving son of Sir Reynold,
matriculated at Exeter College in 1605, being then thirteen
years of age. He presented a bowl in the following year,
and took the degree of B.A. in 1608. Two years later, he
was admitted a student of the Middle Temple. In the
Parliaments of 1624 and 1625, he sat for Grampound and,
through the influence of the Duke of Buckingham, he was
appointed Vice- Warden of the Stannaries.

Sir James Bagg, who styled himself that minister's
" perpetuall slave," importuned him for months to obtain a
peerage for John Mohun. On the ist of November 1627,
he wrote : —

" Mohun in a Lordlike way will best be your servant. "

On the 17th of March following, he was more explicit : —

"Mr. Mohun is soe your servant as in life and fortune

Inable him by honor to be fitt for you ; soe in the Upper
House or in the countrey will he be the more advantagious
to you. He is honest, and I am pawne for his constancie.
He desires to retain the name of Mohun and to be Baron
either of Polrode, Launceston, Bodmin, Lostwithiell or Bocon-
noke. "

Again only two days later : —

" Let me mynde and pray you to take care of Mohun. "
On the 23rd he wrote : —

" I am not more an enymie to vice then an affectionate servant

' Hamilton Rogers, Sepulchral Effi- * Inq. post mortem, C. II. 596 (45).

gies of Devon, p. 329.

486 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

to vertue, and therfore I am inforst to assure you of the great
worth of your servant Mohun. "

Once more, on the 8th of April : —

" The service that Mohun will doe you will crowne your
favour to him, make me gladd as long as he continues an honest
man, and give me resolution to cutt his throate when he shall
approve other to my Lord the Duke. " '

By this time the matter was practically settled, and on
the 15th of April 1628, John Mohun was raised to the
peerage with the title of Baron Mohun of Okehampton.
His motto * Generis revocamus honores ' may allude either
to the Mohuns of Dunster or the Courtenays of Okehamp-
ton. One curious result of his new creation was that he
obtained precedence of his own father, still living and only
a baronet. It is interesting to note that Mohun afterwards
quarrelled with Bagg, whom he charged with defrauding the
King of 20,000/. ^

The first Lord Mohun married Cordelia daughter of Sir
John Stanhope and relict of Sir Roger Aston. She was
buried at St. Martin's in the Fields on the 2nd of October
1639. By her he had issue : —

John, born about 161 5. In 1637, he was committed
to the Fleet Prison in connexion with an affray on
Snow Hill, near Holborn, in which Lord Lumley
received some injury. Only one version of the
story, his own, has been preserved. According to
this, he was returning from the Dutch Embassy in
company with Cassius Burroughs, son of Garter
King of Arms, Obadiah Gossop, his father's chap-
lain, and two servants, when Lord Savage's coach
came upon them suddenly. To save himself from
being crushed against a wall, young Mohun struck
at the horses with his cane, whereupon the coachman
slashed at him with his whip. After some reprisals,
swords were drawn on both sides, but neither Mohun
nor Burroughs could explain how Lord Lumley,
sitting quietly in the coach, came to be hurt. '

' S. p. Dom. Car. I. vol. Ixxxiv. no. passim.
93 ; vol. xcvi. nos, 36, 48 ; vol. xcviii. ' S. P. Dom. Charles I. vol. ccclxiii.

no. 26 ; vol. c. nos. 47, 55. nos. 36, 37, 119.

* Calendar of Slate Papers, Domcslic,

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 487

John Mohun died in his father's lifetime and was
buried at Kensington on the 31st of October 1639.

Warwick, heir to his father.

Charles, baptized at Mevagissey on the 25th of August
1622. He was knighted at Bristol in 1643, but was
killed at Dartmouth in the Civil War.^

Cordelia, married to John Harris of Hayne.

Theophila, married at St. Martin's in the Fields, on the
8th of November 1638, to James Campbell.

Philippa, baptized at Mevagissey in 1623.

Philadelphia, died in 1633.
John, Lord Mohun died on the 28th of March 1641. '
There are portraits of him and his wife at Boconnoc.

Warwick Mohun, second Baron of Okehampton, was
born on the 25th of May 1620, and was consequently
within a few weeks of his majority at the date of his father's
death. ^ When the quarrel between the King and the
Parliament became serious, he withdrew from Westminster
to his house in Cornwall. * After some hesitation, he de-
finitely took up arms on behalf of the former in September
1642, and raised a regiment of foot in his own neighbour-
hood, although he was not popular there. A year later, he
resigned his commission. The disputes about the amount
to be paid by him to the victorious party by way of penalty
lasted a long time. ' He died between April and July 1 665.
By Catherine his wife, daughter of— Welles of Brember in
Hampshire, he had issue two sons and three daughters : —

Charles, his heir.

James, of Polmangan, who died in 1699 or 1700.

Cordelia.

Catherine, married to George Cusack.

Isabella, married to Samuel Maddock of Plymouth. •*
Anne, one of their two daughters and coheiresses,

1 Shaw's Knights of England, vol. ii. Vivian's Visitations of Devon, p. 464.

p 216. * S.P. Dom. Charles 1. vol. ccccxcii.

'2 Inq. postmortem, C. II. 607 (102). no. 7.

3 Vivian's Visitations and G.E.C.'s ' Clavendons History of the Rebellion,

Complete Peerage give different dates, Calendar of Committee for Advance of

both incorrect. His singular Christian Money, p. 692. „ , , , c<^

name seems to have come through his « Hamilton Rogers, Sepulchral hjji-

grandmother, Philippa Hele, whose gies of Devon, p. 120.
mother's maiden name was Warwick.

488 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

married John Fownes, ancestor of the Fownes

Luttrells of Dunster Castle.
Catherine, Lady Mohun being a Roman Catholic, the
King in Council made order, in 1668, that she should give
security to bring up her children in the Protestant religion/
She died in April 1692.'

Charles Mohun, third Baron of Okehampton, was under
age at the date of his father's death. In November 1672,
he proposed to Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, for the hand of
his daughter Philippa, " with great civility. " A few days
later, the young lady's father notes in his diary : —

" My Lord Mohun continued his addresses with more civility,
desiring only my daughter, and leaving all things else to myself,
whether I give anything or nothing. "

The marriage, however, did not turn out well. In
September 1674, Lord Anglesey records that Lord and
Lady Mohun were " desperately out again. " In his
opinion, both parties were to blame, but he vented most ot
his wrath on his daughter : —

" If she had not been married, I had beat her. I did call her
* impudent baggage.' *'

Some three months later, he effected a reconciliation. ^
Lord Mohun considered that his dignity was seriously im-
pugned when somebody said that he was "good for nothing
but to sit in ladies' chambers and thread their needles. "*
A newsletter of the 5th of October 1676, gives the follow-
ing account of a brawl in which he was concerned : —

" Two Exchange women (to whom Lady Mohun owed a bill,
and to whom payment was promised with Michaelmas rents,
with which they seemed satisfied) after drinking brandy, came
with four braves to my Lord's lodgings. The women went
up, spit in my Lady's face, etc. The men staid below and
cried * Where is my Lord ? ' etc. My Lord at this alarm went
upstairs, took his sword and pistol, and one of his men the like,
and after some passes shot, missed the man, but shot through

• Hist. MSS. Comm. Report xii. App. App. vi. p. 366.
vii. p.6o. Iniht Dictionary of National * Hist. MSS. Comm. i?e^orf xiii. App.

Biography, (vol. .xxxviii. p. 105) she is vi. pp. 274, 277.
confounded with her daughter-in-law. * Hatton Correspondence, vol. i. p

' Luttrell's Brief Relation, vol. ii. 124.
p. 429 ; Hist. MSS. Comm. Report xiv.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 489

his hat ; that not doing, shot again, but the pistol would not go
off. The hubbub increasing, they retreated, my Lord having
received a slight wound on the hand. They were three Irish,
and one Lifeguardsman. " '

While acting as second to Lord Cavendish in a duel in
November 1676, Lord Mohun was run through the stomach,
and he lay between life and death for a considerable time. ^
Dying on the 29th of September 1677, he was buried at
St. Martin's in the Fields three weeks later.

Lady Mohun, the widow, caused some sensation in the
aristocratic circles of London by her proceedings in con-
nexion with another brawl in the following year. Going
to play cards with a friend who was in lodgings near the
New Exchange, she encountered the landlady, to whom her
husband had owed money. Some high words passed, and
one of Lady Mohun's footmen pricked the landlady with
his sword, while another spat in her daughter's face. The
landlady retaliated by throwing a candlestick at one of them,
which hit their mistress on the knee. Lady Mohun there-
upon, claiming the privilege of a peeress, petitioned the
House of Lords to summon and punish her assailant. The
Lords, however, very wisely left the parties to settle their
quarrel by course of ordinary law. The King was vastly
amused, and gallantly declared that he was willing to deter-
mine by inspection whether Lady Mohun's knee was injured.'
William Coward, serjeant-at-law, was so fascinated by the
widow that he paid her debts amounting to 1,500/. before
obtaining her hand in second marriage. Nevertheless
she steadily refused to let him touch any of her money. *
Surviving him by some years, she was buried at Lee in
Kent in March 1715/ By this lady. Lord Mohun had left
issue two children : —

Charles, his successor.

Elizabeth, a maid of honour to Queens Mary and Anne.
She died in July 17 10. ^

' Verney Memoirs, vol. u. p. s^S- * Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

» Hist. MSS. Comm. Report xii. App. iv. p. 88.
V. pp. 32-37 ; App. vii. pp. 130, 141. = Ibid. vol. v. p. 11.

Hatton Correspondence, vol. i. p. 142. •"• Lords' Journals, vol. xiii; Luttrell

* Lords' Journals, vol. xiii. p. 194; Brief Relation, \o\. iii. p. 143; vol. vi.

Hist. MSS. Comm. Report ix. App. 2, p. 610 ; Brown's Somersetshire Wills,

p. no ; Report xii. App. v. p. 49. vol. v. p. 10.

K

490 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

Charles Mohun, rourth and last Baron of Okehampton,
appears to have been born in 1674.^ It is not possible
here to attempt a detailed biography of a nobleman who
was constantly before the public during the last twenty
years of his comparatively short career. ^ The Jacobite
Hearne sums up his character in describing him as " the
greatest debauchee and bully of the age. " ^

In 1692, when Lord Mohun was about eighteen years
old, but already " exceeding dissolute, " he had a drunken
quarrel with Lord Kennedy, and the King himself failed to
prevent a duel in which both parties were wounded. *

This was on the 7th of December. Only two nights
later. Lord Mohun was concerned in an attempt made by
Captain Richard Hill to kidnap Mrs. Bracegirdle, the
popular actress. He was still with Hill when the latter, a
mere boy, waylaid William Mountfort, the most graceful
actor of the period and brutally murdered him in Howard
Street, Strand. ^ The grand jury of Middlesex found a true
bill against both, and, although the principal culprit managed
to escape, his noble associate was eventually committed to the
Tower of London. As Lord Mohun had to be tried by his
peers, extraordinary preparations were made. Westminster
Hall was fitted up with scaffolding, boxes being provided for
the foreign ministers, and special seats for the peeresses and
their daughters. Eight tickets of admission were also allotted
to every peer, including the prisoner, who was not yet a
member of the House of Lords. A Lord High Steward
was appointed to regulate the proceedings, and every peer
living within twenty miles of London was required to

' He is sometimes described as the National Biography, vol. xxxviii. pp.

fifth Baron, in consequence of an err- 105-107, gives many useful references,

oneous idea that the first Baron was but contains several errors,

succeeded by his eldest son. In Dec- ' Collections (ed. Doble), vol. iii. p. 486.

ember 1692, Lady Nottingham writes * Luttrell's Brief Relation, vol. ii. pp.

of " that wretched creature, " Lord 629,631,636; Hatton Correspondence,

Mohun, as " not sixteen years old till vol. ii. p. 187.

April next. " {Hatton Correspondence, * Hist. MSS. Comm. Report on Port-

vol. ii. p. 187.) In the following Feb- land Papers, vol. viii. p. 322 ; Report

ruary, John Evelyn describes him as xiv. App. ii. pp. 509, 512,513; Lysons's

" not yet eighteen years old. " (Diary.) Environs of London, vol. i. p. 782. All

He was, however, married in 1691, the evidence is printed in Howell's

and presumably of full age when sum- State Trials, vol. xii. pp. 949-1050.

moned to Parliament in October 1695. Macaulay gives a short but character-

(Parliamentary Pawns, P. R. O.) istic sununary of it. ( History of

' The article in the Dictionary oj England, chapter xiv.)

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 491

attend. Carts and drays were forbidden to move between
Charing Cross and Old Palace Yard between six o'clock in
the morning and nine o'clock in the evening of the day-
fixed for the opening of the trial. ^

On the 31st of January 1693, the Lieutenant of the
Tower conveyed his prisoner to Westminster, preceded by
a porter carrying a bare axe. The formal, though minute,
record of the proceedings does not of course mention the fact
that the King was one of the spectators until three o'clock. ^
Speeches by counsel, the examination of witnesses, and a
consultation with the judges necessitated several adjourn-
ments, but on the 4th of February the Lords gave their
opinions one by one, sixty-nine voting for an acquittal and
fourteen for a conviction. ' The Lord High Steward, who
had received prodigious remuneration for presiding on the
occasion, then broke his staff, in token that his functions
were ended. Lord Mohun's acquittal was largely due to
" commiseration for his youth. " * According to the wits of
the day, there was nothing fair about the trial except the
bevy of fashionable ladies in the gallery.

The solemn proceedings in Westminster Hall did not
sober Lord Mohun's unruly spirit. Under the date of
Saturday the 6th of October 1694, we read : —

" On Sunday last, the Lord Mohun attempting to kill a coach-
man in the Pall Mall, and Mr. Scobell, a Cornish Member of
Parliament, preventing him, his Lordship cutt Mr. Scobell over
the head and after sent him a challenge. " ^

While serving in the army in Flanders, Lord Mohun
presumably kept the peace with his brother officers, but
under date of the 8th of April 1697 we read : —

" Wensday night, the Lord Mohun and Captain Bingham
fought in St. James' Park : the former was wounded in the
hand : they were parted by the centinells. " ^

Lord Mohun's next encounter, five months later, had
more serious consequences. Under date of the i6th of
September 1697 we read : —

' Lords' Journals, vol. xv. pp. 184, State Trials, vol. xii.

196, 202, 206, 210, 214 etc. ■• Evelyn's Diary.

' Luttrell's Brief Relation, vol. iii. -^ Luttrell's Brief Relation, vol. iii.

p. 26. p. 381.

' Lords' Journals, vol. xv ; Howell's * Ibid. vol. iv. p. 207.

492 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

" On Tuesday night, the Lord Mohun and several gentlemen
drinking in the Rummer tavern at Charing Cross, some words
arose between his Lordship and Captain Hill of the Foot
Guards, who thereupon was stabbed by the former, and is since
dead. " '

The coroner's inquest found Lord Mohun guilty of
manslaughter, but the grand jury of Middlesex found a bill
against him for murder. ^ On his petition to the House of
Lords, he was removed from the King's Bench Prison to the
Tower, where his behaviour was such that the Lieutenant
was forced to put him in close confinement. ^ Falling ill
there, he was released on bail, and on the 2nd of July 1698
he obtained a formal pardon from the King. Two days
later, he took his seat in the House of Lords. *

Once more, in 1699, was Lord Mohun committed to the
Tower on a charge of murder, the victim this time being
Captain Richard Coote. Another trial in Westminster Hall
followed, and, although the proceedings had not the interest
of novelty, the King and many other important personages
attended. ^ On this occasion, the prisoner was acquitted by
a unanimous vote of his peers. His own words of acknow-
ledgement have been recorded, ending : —

" I will endeavour to make it the business of the future part
of my life so to behave myself in my conversation in the
world as to avoid all things that may bring me under any such
circumstances as may expose me to the giving your Lordships
any trouble of this nature for the future." *

After this, there was considerable amendment. Lord
Mohun took to politics, became a frequenter of the Kit Cat
Club, and a prominent member of the Whig party in the
House of Lords. Still the old reputation of a ferailleur
stuck to him, and when the Duke of Marlborough, in May
1 7 12, resolved to send a challenge to Earl Poulett, he
chose Lord Mohun as his envoy. ' Less than six months
afterwards. Lord Mohun himself was a principal in one of
the most famous duels that have ever been fought in

' LuttrcU's Brief Relation, vol. iii. 341.

p. 278. ^ Luttrell's Brief Relation, vol. iv.

» Ibid. pp. 280, 296, 303. pp. 499- 500.

' Ibid. pp. 318, 329; Lords' Journals, ® Howell, p. 1060.

vol. xvi. pp. 179, 211. ' Hist. MSS. Comm. Report \'\. App,

* Lords' Journals, vol. xvi. pp. 263, v. p. 309.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 493

England. His adversary, the Duke of Hamilton, was a
leading Tory, about to go to Paris as ambassador. There
had been interminable litigation between them about the
estate of the Earl of Macclesfield, and the fatal quarrel arose
out of strong language used by Lord Mohun in the course
of the proceedings.

The story is too long to be told here in detail.^ Suffice
it to say that the duel took place in Hyde Park at seven
o'clock on the morning of the 15th of November 17 12,
when the two noblemen fought " like enraged lions. "
Mohun was the first to fall, mortally wounded, but, accord-
ing to the accepted version of the affair, he had sufficient
strength to retaliate with a fatal thrust. The Tories
preferred to believe that the Duke was killed by Mohun's
second, who fled the country.^ There is a considerable
amount of controversial literature on the subject. Lord
Mohun's body was conveyed to his lodging in Marlborough
Street, and he was buried at St. Martin's in the Fields ten
days later. In him the main line of the Cornish Mohuns
came to an end. Philippa, Lady Mohun had the perhaps
unique experience of losing her husband and her son
through duels. It is doubtful whether she grieved much
for either. ^

The last Lord Mohun was married twice. In the sum-
mer of 1 69 1, when he was barely seventeen years of age,
he took to wife Charlotte daughter and heiress of James
Mainwaring and grand-daughter of the Earl of Macclesfield.
According to tradition : —

" He had only one daughter, whom he never owned, and he
lived several years separated from his wife. He had the good
fortune, however, to get rid of her at last, she being drowned
in a passage to Ireland with one of her gallants, about six or
seven years before his own death. " *

By a will dated the 23rd of March 17 10, Lord Mohun
left 100/. to Elizabeth, his " pretended daughter " by his
first wife. "" The date of this daughter's birth is at present

' Summaries of the evidence given Report on Portland Papers, vol. v. p. 26.

as to the facts are printed in the Pali- ^ Lords' Journals, vol. xii. p. 17.

tical State for i']i2, and Hist. MSS. ^ Gilbert's History of Cornwall, vol.

Comm. Report xi. App. v. pp. 31 1-3 14. i. p. 67.

■^ Dictionary of National Biography, * Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

vol. xxxiv. p. 444 ; Hist. MSS. Comm. v. p. 10.

494 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

unknown, but, as her parents were not divorced, she must
assuredly be reckoned legitimate. In June 171 7, she
married Arthur St. Leger, afterwards Viscount Doneraile.
That she herself was in no way ashamed of her birth is
tolerably clear from the fact that her eldest son was baptized
by the names of * Arthur Mohun. ' ^

At some unknown date, Lord Mohun married secondly
Elizabeth relict of Colonel Edward Griffith, and daughter
of Thomas Lawrence, physician at the court of Queen
Anne. To her he bequeathed almost all his property, real
and personal. In 17 17, she sold the Cornish estate, sub-
ject to some temporary charges, to Thomas Pitt, ex-governor
of Madras, who had recently obtained a great price for his
famous diamond. Paying 53,000/. for Boconnoc and all that
went with it, he was considered to have made a very good
bargain. ^ About the same time, Lady Mohun married
thirdly Charles Mordaunt, nephew of the Earl of Peter-
borough, a man much younger than herself. Her letters
show her to have been a lady with some literary aspirations. '
She died in the spring of 1725.

A younger branch of the Mohuns of Boconnoc inherited
the Trencreke estate in the parish of Creed in Cornwall,
and resided at Luny in the parish of St. Ewe. William
Mohun, probably son of Nathaniel Mohun mentioned
above (p. 483), married Dorothy daughter of Sir John
Trelawny, bart. * They had issue Warwick and Delia.

Warwick Mohun, son of William, was baptized at St.
Ewe on the 8th of December 1668. In December 1704,
he married Anne Addis at Stoke Damarel. She seems to
have died in January 17 14, he surviving until October
1733. Warwick and John Mohun, buried respectively in
1 7 14 and 1 7 19, may have been two of their children. ^
Their eldest son William matriculated at Exeter College,
Oxford, in 1723. In the church of St. Ewe there is a
monument in memory of William Mohun, Esq. " the last

' Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, (ed. vol. i. pp. 7, 94, 99.

Archdall) vol. vi. p. 121. '' She is called 'Jane' in Gilbert's

* Hist. MSS. Comm. Report xiii. History of Cornwall, vo\. i. p. 255.

App. iii. pp. 62, 69, 70, 88; Gilbert's ^ Vi\ia.n's Visitation of Cornwall, 1620

History of Cornwall, vol. i. p. 67. p. 146.

' Letters of the Countess of Snffolk,

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 495

of that ancient name and noble family, " who died on the
2nd of December 1737, aged thirty-two. It was put up by
his widow Sibella, sister of Thomas Trefusis of Penryn,
and his only sister Elizabeth, widow of James Prowse of
Key ford in Somerset. ^ The former afterwards married
John Derbyshire Birkhead. ^ This William Mohun may
have been the last male representative of the Cornish branch
of the family, but, as has been seen above, Robert Mohun
of Fleet in Dorset survived until 1758.

Various parish registers in Cornwall record the births,
marriages and deaths of persons named Mohun or Moon,
who may have been of legitimate origin, although of humble
station. ^

John Mohun of South Petherton, the owner of a tobacco
plantation in Virginia in 1675, seems to have been in some
way connected with the Cornish branch of the family, as
his brother bore the uncommon name of Warwick. *

The Heralds' Visitation of Hertfordshire in 1572 pro-
fesses to record four generations of a family named Mohun,
then resident at Aldenham in that county. It begins with
a certain Edmond Mohun " of Mohun (sic) in Cornwall. "

The Mohuns of Tavistock. ^

According to a pedigree entered in the Heralds' Visitation
of Devon in 1620, Thomas Mohun of Tavistock then living
was son of Thomas, son of Thomas, serjeant-at-arms to
Henry the Eighth, son of Thomas, son of Thomas, son of
Lawrence one of the younger sons of Sir John Mohun of
Dunster, who is otherwise known to have died in 1330. It
is, however, very unlikely that six generations covered three
centuries.

Thomas Mohun, the serjeant-at-arms, married Agnes

' Rogers Sepulchral Effigies, p. 329. '' This section is founded upon the

* Gilbert's//75/ory o/CorMt4;a//, vol.i. pedigrees given in Vivian's Visitations
p. 8. 0/ Devon (pp. i, 12, 168, 321, 566, 574,

^Vivizn'sVisitcxtioti of Cornwall, 1620. 712), which furnish some particulars

* Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. i. not to be found in the original MS.
P-77-

496 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. a.

daughter of William Amadas, who married secondly Thomas
Stoford of Dolton, thirdly John Charles, and fourthly
William Abbot of Hartland, who died in 1570.

Thomas Mohun, son of Thomas and Agnes, married Joan
daughter of William Kedley (or Ridley) alias Pointer, and
had issue : —

Thomas, heir to his father.

Charles, who died without issue.

Eleanor, married firstly to Thomas Harris and secondly

to William Grafton.
Joan, married firstly to Richard Edgcumbe, secondly to
Christopher Wolridge, thirdly to Erasmus Drewe,
and fourthly to Alexander Maine.
Denise, married firstly to Ralph Taylor and secondly

to John Eliot.
Dorothy, married to William Carden.
Anne.

Thomas Mohun, son of Thomas and Joan, living in
1620, married firstly Grace, daughter of Richard Singleton
of Truro, and by her had issue : —

Thomas, born about 1600. He had a son Reynold,

who was baptized in August 1628.
William, born about 1607.
Peter, of Cheriton Fitzpaine, born about 1609, and

died in 1654, when his wife Joan was living.
Frances, born about 1598, married in May t6i6 to

William Moore. She died in 1671.
Denise, born about 1604.
He married secondly, in October 1614, Joan daughter of
John Harris and had issue : —

Ellis, baptized on the 6th of August 1615.

Edward, born about 1617.

John, baptized on the 26th of April 1621.

Richard, baptized on the 30th of April 1628.

Grace, baptized on the 28 th of September 1616, buried

in April following.
Alice, baptized on the 19th of December 161 8.
Elizabeth, baptized on the 19th of March 1623.

APP. A. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 497

Some Mohuns, not placed.

There are occasional notices of persons bearing the name
of Mohun who cannot with certainty be placed in the
pedigree of any particular branch of the family. The
following list, arranged locally, is not of course complete : —

Watch ET, co. Somerset, seven miles from Dunster.
Circa 1230, John son of Richard de Moyon. ^

FiFEHEAD, CO. Dorset, five miles from Ham Mohun.
1268 and 1277, William son of Richard de Mohun. ^
1346, John, son of Richard, son of William de Mohun. ^

Adbeer, CO. Somerset, on the border of Dorset, some
fourteen miles from Fifehead. 1274, William de Mohun.*
1299, Isabel late the wife of Richard de Mohun. ^ I303>
Geoffrey de Mohun." 1307, Geoffrey de Mohun and
Nicholas de Mohun. ^ 131 1> Geoffrey de Mohun and
Margaret his wife, and Nicholas his brother, in an entail. ^

East Camel, co. Somerset, three miles from Adbeer.
13 13, Geoffrey de Mohun and Margaret his wife. ^

West Camel, adjoining. 1286, Andrew, Geoffrey,
Richard, Arnald, John and Thomas de Moun. ^^

WiNTERBouRNE, CO. Glouc. 1 3 1 6, Gcoffrey de Mohun. "

Carhampton, CO. Somerset, adjoining Dunster. 13 13,
William de Mohun. ^^ 1704, Margaret Mohun, spinster. ^^

PusLiNCH, CO. Devon. 1428, William Mohun. ^* i47i>
William Mohun died, leaving two daughters. ^^

Retford, co. Nottingham. 13 10, William de Mohun. ^^

RousTON, CO. Lincoln. 1305, Richard de Mohun. '^

1274, Robert de Mohun, a monk of Croyland. ^^

1288, 1293, John de Mohun, a Knight Templar. ^^

' D.C.M. XXXII. 2. 13 Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. i.

* Assize Rolls, no. 202, m. 13 ; no. p. 7y.

1236, m. Id. 14 Feudal Aids, vol. i. p. 494.

^ Placita de Banco, no. 348, ni. 170. '^ jnq. post mortem, 11 Edw. IV

* Inq. post mortem, C. Edw. I. 2 (7). no. 33 ; Pole's Collections, p. 306.

» Assize Roll, no. 1315, m. 20. '^Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1307-

^ Feudal Aids, vol. iv. pp. 316, 338. 1 ^i 7, p. 298.

^ Assize Roll, no. 1336, m. 3. ^ ^'' Ibid. 1301-1307, p. 360.

8 Feet of Fines, Somerset, 4 Edw. II. >« Calendar of Close Rolls, 1272-1270

» Assize Roll, no. 1357, m. I9(/. p. 117. '

'0 Assize Roll, no. 1273, m. 24^. is Ibid. i2SS-i2g6, pp. 289, 339 ; Cal-

" Feudal Aids, vol. ii. p. 269. endar of Patent Rolls, 1202-1 wi p 41

'^ D.C.M. xvii. I. 7 .^ ) t- T •

APPENDIX B.

The Arms and Seals of the Mohuns.

Although various charters of the early lords of Dunster
have been printed, most of them are known only from
medieval transcripts ; none are authenticated by their original
seals, which would presumably have been of the equestrian
type. There is even some uncertainty as to the arms borne
by the Mohuns in the early part of the thirteenth century.
The important heraldic document known as ' Glover's
Roll,' dating from the period between 1240 and 1245,
credits Reynold de Mohun with a very simple bearing : —
Gules a maunch argent. On the other hand the Register of
Newenham Abbey states that the arms of the founder, this
Reynold, were : —

" De goules les escu ove la manche dargent ermyne e en la mayn de
argent une floret e de or. " '

In modern heraldic language, the arms of the Mohuns of
Dunster, in the second half of the thirteenth century, and
of some cadet branches of the family may be blazoned as: —
Gules a dexter arm habited with a maunch ermine.^ the hand
argent holding a fleur-de-lys or.

To account for the supposed addition of the hand and
fleur-de-lys to the original bearing of a plain maunch, two
ingenious theories have been put forward, one in the four-
teenth century, the other in the nineteenth. According to
Walter de la Hou, Abbot of Newenham, Reynold de Mohun
added a fleur-de-lys to his arms, in allusion to a golden rose
given to him by the Pope. ^ The connexion between these
two flowers is not, however, obvious. The modern theory

' Arundel MS. 17, f. 38^. » See above, p. 23.

SEALS 1-3.

Sir Reynold de Mohun
d. 1258.

John de Mohun.

Sir Reynold de Mohun.
d. 1258.

APP. B. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 499

is even less tenable. We are gravely told that " the fleur-
de-lys was added either by John de Mohun or his son,
after the marriage of the former with the heiress Joan de
Aguylon, when the bearing of her family was combined
with the Mohun maunch. " ^ In refutation of this, it is
sufficient to observe that the fleur-de-lys was unquestionably
borne by Reynold de Mohun, the father of John, and that
" the heiress Joan " did not marry Robert Aguylon until
after the death of her first husband, John de Mohun.

There are extant impressions of two different seals of
Reynold de Mohun the Second, mentioned above. One of
these, attached to an undated charter, bears the device of a
sinister arm, the hand holding a fleur-de-lys. The legend,
almost illegible in parts, seems to be : — " [nulla] sunt que
MALO [tenere.] " (No. i). ^ The deed is clearly anterior
to 1258, and the use of black-letter minuscules on a seal of
this early date is remarkable. The other seal is strictly
heraldic, a right hand holding a fleur-de-lys and issuing out
of a maunch being placed on a well-shaped shield. The
legend, boldly cut, is: — " sigill. reginaldi de moun. "
(No. 2). '

The Register of Newenham Abbey states that William
de Mohun, brother of the founder, Reynold, bore for
arms : —

*' Les escu de goules o'^e la manche de argent ermyne e croizeles. " *

This certainly confirms the idea that there was no fleur-
de-lys or hand on the shield of his father. If, however,
these charges were added to it by his brother, it is difficult
to account for their presence in the shield of the Mohuns
of Ham Mohun, who descended from his great-uncle.

Sir William de Mohun, son of Reynold de Mohun by
his second wife, bore : — Gules a maunch argent with a label
azure. ^ Unless the label were placed upon the maunch,
there was colour upon colour, in violation of the rule
generally followed. The grandson of this Sir William de

' Hutchins's i//5/on' o/Dorsfc'/, vol. i. another impression in Mr. Bloom's

p. 272 ; Planche's Pursuivant of Arms, List of the Charters of Lord Willoughby

p. 169. de Broke.

- D.C.M. XXVI. I. " Arundel MS. 17, f. 38rf.

^ D.C.M. XXVI. I. There is an en- ^ Arcluvologia, vol. xxxi.\. p. 423.
larged photographic reproduction of

500 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. b.

Mohun, who died in 1394 without issue, is said to have
bequeathed his mother's property to his half-brother, John
Carew, with an injunction to quarter her arms. The Mohun
maunch on the shield of the Carews of Ottery Mohun
consequently represents succession to an inheritance, without
relationship in blood. ^

The third seal figured opposite is that of John son of
Richard de Moyon, who had land at Watchet in the early
part of the reign of Henry the Third. His exact relation-
ship to the lord of Dunster is not known. The seal bears
the device of an eagle displayed, and the legend around it is
simply : — " sic. johis filii ricardi. " ^

Eleanor wife of Sir William Martin, and relict of the
Sir John de Mohun of Dunster who died in 1279, had a
seal showing three shields : — two bars and a label, for
Martin ; a hand issuing from a maunch and holding a fleur-
de-lys, for Mohun ; and three lions rampant, for Fitzpiers. ^

For some reason entirely unknown, her eldest son, Sir
John de Mohun, lord of Dunster, abandoned the paternal
arms and adopted a different shield. The Register of
Newenham Abbey says of him : —

" The same John de Moun the Third changed the ancient
arms of those who were wont to bear an ermined maunch.
This John the Third bore a golden shield with a black
cross engrailed. " *

The change must have been made at a fairly early period
of his life. In the list of English knights who were at the
siege of Carlaverock Castle, in 1300, we read : —

" jfaune crois noire engrelee
La portoit John de Mooun." ^

Another roll, somewhat later gives his arms as : — " De or
a une crois engrele de sableT ^ The seal of this John de
Mohun, attached to the famous letter of the English earls
and barons to Pope Boniface the Eighth gives his new
shield, with a lion on either side and an eagle above. The
legend around is : — " s. johanis de moun. " (No. 4.) '

* r/ic i4 Hces^or, vol. V. p. 44. * Nicolas's SzVy^e o/Car/at'crocfc.

* D.C.M. XXXII. 2. ^ Palgrave's Parliamentary Writs,

* Nicolas's Sicfic of Carlaverock, p. vol. i. p. 410.

159. ^ There is a photographic reproduc-

* Archceological Journal, vol. xxxvii. tion of it in The Ancestor, vol. vii. p. 251.
p. 89.

SEALS 4-7.

Sir John de Moluiii.
d. 1330.

Sir John de Mohun.
d. 1375-

6.
Joan, Lady de Mohun.
d. 1404.

Philippa, Lady Fitzwalter.
d. 1431.

APP. B. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 501

The Augustinian Priory of Bruton and the Cistercian
Abbey of Newenham alike followed the example of Sir
John de Mohan by taking for their arms : — Or a cross
engrailed sal?Ie. ^ Nevertheless the ancient arms of Mohun
are still visible on the parapet of Axminster Church, close
to the ruins of Newenham, and there is a quaint version of
them on a bell cast for Bruton Church shortly before the
expulsion of the canons in the reign of Henry the Eighth. "^

Sir John de Mohun the Fourth, who died in the lifetime
of his father, bore at the battle of Boroughbridge in 1322,
a shield thus blazoned : —

" Dor ove j croiz engrele de sable ovec j label de gul. " ^

Sir John de Mohun the Fifth and last bore on his seal a
cross which might be described as * lozengy.' The legend

is : " SIGILLUM JOHANNIS DE MOUN. " (No. 5.) * The

receipt given by his relict to Lady Luttrell, the purchaser
of the Castle of Dunster and all that went with it, bears
a seal showing the arms of Mohun and Burghersh, impaled
in the old manner by being placed side by side on separate
shields. The legend is : — " s. johanne de moun. " (No. 6.) ''^
In a register of Christ Church, Canterbury, preserved in the
British Museum, the arms of this lady are given on a
quarterly shield, those of Mohun occupying the first and
fourth places, and those of Burghersh the second and third,
contrary to modern practice. ^ Her arms and those of her
nearest relations are to be seen at Canterbury.

Lady FitzWalter, afterwards Duchess of York, daughter
and coheiress of the last Mohun of Dunster, used a seal on
which the arms of her husband are impaled with her own
in modern style, save that they are on a shield instead of a
lozenge. The legend is : — " sigillum philipp[e l]e ffitz
WAUTER. " (No. 7.) ^ The arms of Mohun, Fitz Walter,
Golafre and Plantagenet are to be seen on her monument
in Westminster Abbey.

The Mohuns of Ham Mohun, who branched off from
the Mohuns of Dunster as far back as the twelfth century,

' There are rough woodcuts of the vol. ii. part 2, p. 198.
seals of three Abbots of Newenham in * D.C.M. xxiv. i.

T>^v\A'son'?,History of Newenham Abbey. ^ Page 53 above.

' Eilacombc's Church Bells, pi. iv. ^ Arundel MS. 68, f. 59.

^ Palgrave's Parliamentary Writs, ' D.C.M. xvii. i.

502 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. b.

bore arms very similar to those of the parent stock, but
with the tinctures reversed, that is to say Ermine a dexter
arm habited in a maunch gules^ the hand proper holding a
fleur-de-lys or. These arms were quartered by their
descendants, the Trenchards of Wolveton. ^

Among the different families that claimed descent from
the Sir John de Mohun of Dunster who discarded the
maunch in favour of the cross there was no uniformity in
the matter of armorial bearings.

A seal of Maximilian Mohun of Fleet, affixed to a docu-
ment of the year 1599, shows the maunch within a bordure
charged with crosses. ^ The normal arms of his family,
however, were gules a dexter arm habited in a maunch
ermine^ the hand proper holding a fleur-de-lys or, within a
bordure argent^ with a crescent of the same on the field.
These arms are to be seen in Fleet Church impaled with
those of Hyde, on the brass in memory of Margaret Mohun,
who died in 1603. The same arms, quartered with those
of Hyde and impaled with those of Churchill, are on the
brass in memory of her son, Maximilian Mohun, mentioned
above. They are duly entered, with a maunch for crest, in
the Heralds' Visitation of Dorset. In the chapel at Lytescary
in Somerset, the arms of Lyte, gules a chevron between three
swans argenty are impaled with those of Mohun of Fleet.
The last surviving member of the family, Judith Worral,
had a cornelian seal (now in my possession) showing her
paternal arms on an inescutcheon.

The Mohuns of Tavistock, who claimed descent from
Lawrence the son of Sir John de Mohun of Dunster, bore
for arms. Or a cross engrailed sable^ with a mullet as a mark
of cadency. ^

Sir Reynold de Mohun, the founder of the Cornish
branch of the family is described as bearing the ancient
arms : — " de goules ove une maunche d'ermyn " about the
year 1337, that is to say after the death of his father who
had abandoned them. * His descendants, however, the
Mohuns of Hall and Boconnoc, bore the engrailed cross,

' Two Tudor Books of Arms (ed. Fos- p. 555.

ter), p. 163 ; Hutchins's History of Dor- * Visitation of Devon,

set, vol. ii. pp. 547-551. * Collectanea Topof^raphicact Genea-

* Municipal Records of Dorchester, logica, vol. ii. p. 326.

APP. B. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 503

and used the maunch as a crest only. In the church of
Lanteglos by Fowey there is a great display of Mohun
heraldry, mostly dating from the reign of James the First.
One of the shields has fourteen quarterings : — Mohun,
Briwere, Fleming, Marshal, Clare, Macmurrough, Giffard,
FitzWilliam, Courtenay, Redvers, Carminow, Horsey,
Turges and Maubank. ^

The Mohuns of Aldenham in Hertfordshire, although
perhaps descended from the Mohuns of Cornwall, bore
the ermine maunch with the hand and the fleur-de-lys.
The same arms are also registered in the office of Ulster
King of Arms.

Some Moones, Mounes, and Moynes are credited in Burke's
General Armory with a maunch, and others with a cross
engrailed, but they are not definitely located, and their right
to either bearing is open to question. So far as is known,
no cadet branch of the baronial family which once owned
Moyon in Normandy and Dunster in Somerset survived
the eighteenth century.

' Hamilton Rogers, Sepulchral Effigies, pp. 1 15-120.

APPENDIX C.

The Luttrells of Irnham in Lincolnshire.

Sir GeoFFREY Luttrell, the eldest son of Sir Andrew,
was born before the year 1235.^ From his father he re-
ceived a grant of the manor of Hooton Paynell, presumably
at the time of his marriage, and, in 1254, he obtained royal
sanction for a market and fair there. ^ Soon after the battle
of Lewes in 1264, he was one of the knights entrusted
with the defence of Windsor Castle. ^ On the death of his
father in the following year, he did homage to the King for
lands held in chief then descending to him, apparently the
manor of Irnham, the original Luttrell estate in Notting-
hamshire being on a different footing. ^ Soon after this,
however, he became incapable of managing his own affairs.
In March 1266 therefore, the care of him was committed to
his brother Alexander, and that of his children to their
maternal grandfather, William de Grey. ^ Alexander Lut-
trell is stated to have treated him well and to have paid
most of the debts that he had contracted. '^ He died in or
before February 1270. ^ He had issue, with two daughters,
whose names are not recorded, two sons, Robert and
Andrew. ^

Sir Robert Luttrell, his successor, was under age in
1276. ^ In the following year, however, he was summoned
to do military service in Scotland, and he was afterwards

1 Calendar of Inquisitions, vol. i. p. 425.

pp. 192, 195. * Patent Roll, 50 Hen. III. m. 25.

« Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1247- « Ibid. 54 Hen. III. m. 8.

12^S, p. 324. ^ Close Roll, 54 Hen. III.

^ Patent Roll, 48 Hen. III. part, i, " Inq. post mortem, 25 Edw. I. no.51.

mm. II, 10, 9. ' Rotiili Hnndredoritm, vol. i. p. 109.

* Excerpta e Rotulis Finiuni, vol. ii.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 505

required to take part in other expeditions/ In 1295, he
received writs of summons to two Parliaments. ^ If there
were any proof of his attendance — and there is no reason to
suppose that he did not attend — his heir general in the
twentieth century might claim the title of * Lord Luttrell. ' ^
Although Sir Robert Luttrell held the Paynell inheritance
by barony, it is remarkable to find him described, in 1285,
as ' Baro de Luterell. '* He died in or before June 1297. ^
Joan his relict was in possession of some of his property in
Nottinghamshire as late as 1316.'^ He had issue at least
three sons and four daughters : —
Geoffrey, heir to his father.

Guy, who married a wife named Margaret, and had
issue John, Robert, Guy, Thomas, Joan, and Eliza-
beth.
Andrew, rector of Bridgeford in 1323.^ He must not
be confounded with his contemporary Andrew Lut-
trell, burgess of Nottingham, who had a wife named
Joan. ^ John Luttrell, a theologian of some note.
Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 131 7, is
known to have been a bastard. ^
Margery, a Cistercian nun at Hampole in Yorkshire.
Lucy, a nun at the same place.
Aubrey.
Elizabeth. '^

Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, born in 1276, succeeded his
father, Sir Robert, in 1297.^^ In the course of the next
twenty-five years, he received numerous writs calling him
to do military service, but he was never summoned to
Parliament. ^^ The explanation of this must be left to those

* Palgrave's Parliamentary Writs, ^ Stevenson's Records of Nottiiigliain,
voL i. p. 719. vol. i. pp. 380, 384, 388, 400, 401. John

* Ibid. pp. 29, 31, 35. Luttrell of Nottingham may have been

* Palmer's Peerage Law in England, their son. Ibid. pp. 170, 369, 407.

p. 38. 9 Calendar of Papal Letters, vol. i.

* Kirkby's Inquest (Surtees Society), p. 616 ; Dictionary of National Bio-
p. 23. gf^pf'y, vol. xxxiv. p. 296.

* Inq. post mortem, 25 Edw. I. ^'' Vettista Mouuinenta, \o\.vi. p. ^.
no. 35. 1' Inq. post mortem, 25 Edw, I. no.

* Calendar of Close Rolls, 12(^7-1302, 35 ; Calendar of Close Rolls, 1296-1302,
p. 64 ; Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1313- p. 70.

'5'^7)P-37o l^''"^^^^-^''^^, vol. iv. p. 104. '^Palgrave's Parliamentary Writs,

' Heralds' College MS. Picture of vol. ii. pp. 1 127, 1128.
Our Lady, f. 776.

m

5o6 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

who hold that medieval peerages were strictly hereditary.
Sir Geoffrey Luttrell married Agnes daughter of Sir Richard
of Sutton. In 131 8, after she had borne him several children,
the manor of Irnham was settled upon him and her for their
lives, so that she would have enjoyed it if she had survived
her husband. ^ Many years later, however, it was found
that they were related in the third and fourth degrees of
kindred. ^ Recourse was therefore had to the Pope, who
ordered the Archbishop of York to give them the necessary
dispensation and to pronounce their children legitimate. ^
It is difficult to account for the long interval that elapsed
between the issue of the papal bull and that of the final
document, in January 1334.*

Sir Geoffrey Luttrell is chiefly to be remembered as the
person who caused the preparation of the Luttrell Psalter,
justly famous for its illustrations of social life in the middle
of the fourteenth century. He himself figures in two of
the illuminations. In one of these he is represented on
horseback, preparing for a tournament, with the assistance of
his wife and his daughter-in-law, Beatrice Luttrell, all three
resplendent in heraldic attire. In the other, he is shown
seated at the high table of his hall, in company with his
wife, three other members of his household, and two Black
Friars. The preparation of his dinner in the kitchen is
admirably depicted in the margin of the adjoining page.
Chivalry, sports, domestic scenes and husbandry are alike
illustrated in the pages of this precious manuscript. ^

Lady Luttrell died in June 1339 °'* i340-* ^^•' husband,
surviving, made a will on the 3rd of April 1345, a few
weeks before his own death, bequeathing various sums of
money to no less than sixteen of his relations, some of them
members of religious communities, to his chaplain, his
confessor, his chief esquire, his chamberlain, his gentle-

' Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1317- some of the subjects have been repro-

1321, p. 244. duced by photographic processes in

* See page 169 above. various books, notably in the illustrated
' Calendar of Papal Letters, vol. ii. edition of Social England (vol. i. pp.

p. 368. 642, 649, 658, 659, 689 ; vol. ii. pp. 132,

* Stapleton's Holy Trinity, York 133, 483, 761, 785, 786,) and in the
(Archaeological Institute), pp. 161-163. second part of the publications of the

'■> Six large plates engraved by Basire New Paleographical Society,

accompany Kokevvode's account of the ** Inq. post mortem, 19 Edw. III.

Luttrell Psalter printed in Vetusta no. 48.
Monumenta, vol. vi. In recent years,

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 507

women and others. The largest bequests were, however,
those to works of religion and charity. His funeral at
Irnham was to be conducted on a very sumptuous scale.
Wax candles to the value of 20/. were to burn around his
corpse. Twenty quarters of wheat and twenty of malt, and
wine, spices and other condiments to the value of 20/. were
to be provided for friends attending the service. A sum of
no less than 200/. was to be distributed among the poor, in
three instalments within a month. The beggars of the
parish were also to have forty quarters of wheat, and on the
anniversary a further sum of 20/. was to be given to the
poor praying for him. For the first five years after his
death, twenty chaplains were to say masses for his soul in
the church of Irnham, dividing between them a hundred
marks a year. ^

Sir Geoffrey Luttrell died on the 23rd of May 1345,
and was buried at Irnham, where a large canopied monument,
elaborately carved in stone, shows the arms of Luttrell and
Sutton. ^ He had issue four sons and two daughters : —
Robert (i), living in 13 18, but dead in 1320.^
Andrew, heir to his father.

Geoffrey, espoused when a mere child to Constance
daughter of Sir Geoffrey Scrope, sister of his elder
brother's wife. *
Robert (2), a Knight of the Hospital of St. John of

Jerusalem.
Isabel, a Gilbertine nun. ^

Elizabeth, probably the eldest of the children. Having
been placed in the household of Sir Walter and Lady
Gloucester, she was ' abducted ' by a clerk named
John of EUerker, in or before the year 1309.
Considering her tender age at the time, it is not
likely that she eloped with him. Nevertheless it
seems clear that he had matrimonial intentions with
regard to her, and quite possible that he contrived
to go through the ceremony of espousal with her.
The affair naturally created a stir at the time, and it

' Vetusta Monumenta. 152/, pp. 244, 424.
'Inq.postmortem.19Edw.III.no. ^ Thoroton's Antiquities of Not-

48 ; Stapleton, p. 167. tinghamshire, vol. i. p. 1 19.

' Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1317- ^ Vetusta Moiiuiuciita,\'o\. \\. p. S-

5o8 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

was only through the intervention of the Bishop of
Chichester, Chancellor of England, that the hostile
parties were reconciled. By a document dated at
Westminster on the last day of June 1309, Ellerker
undertook that he would not claim Elizabeth as his
wife in the ecclesiastical court or make any future
attempt to recover possession of her, binding himself
by a solemn oath and giving a bond for no less than
1,000/. ^ Some weeks later, Hugh le Despencer
obtained for him a formal pardon under the Great
Seal of England. ^ The girl eventually married
Walter son of Sir Walter Gloucester, who is de-
scribed as a minor as late as the year 1313. ^

Sir Andrew Luttrell, son and heir of Sir Geoffrey, was
about thirty-two years at the time of his father's death in
1345. Being then in Gascony, he received respite from
the necessity of doing homage to the King for his lands
held in chief. * Later on, he did the military service exacted
from persons of his class. In 1362, he granted the manors
of Bescaby and Saltby in Leicestershire to the Abbot and
Convent of Croxton, on condition that they should provide
two chaplains to pray for him and for Henry, Duke of
Lancaster, deceased.^ Dying in September 1390, he was
buried at Irnham, where there is a very fine brass in memory
of him, bearing the following inscription : —

'' l^tc jacet ®.nbred6 feouttereffus nttfeg, bomtnue be
3rn^<xin, (\m o6tit t?r. bie ^cpicm^xiB anno ©omini
miffeBtmo CCC" nona^mmo, cnim iXnimt ptopiiittux

While a mere child, in or before 1320, Andrew Luttrell
was espoused to Beatrice daughter of Sir Geoffrey Scrope,
afterwards Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and in due
course he married her. ^ At the time of the Jubilee of
1350, Lady Luttrell had licence to go on pilgrimage to

' Calendar of Close Rolls, 1307-1313, vol. ix. p. 222.

p. 160. * Calendar of Close Rolls, 1343-1346,

■ Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1307- p. 540.

1313, p. 181. * Inq. ad quod damnum, file 349,

3 Calendar of Close Rolls, 1323-1327, no. 8.

p. 162 ; Lincolnshire Notes and Queries, ® Thoroton.

y^uacrt ilTitoas fouttf Hm\Iefi jusrs^ mhm ^mobxjt V

SIR ANDREW LUTTRELL.

App. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 509

Rome, accompanied by a maid, a chaplain, a yeoman and a
groom. ^ In 1362, Sir Andrew Luttrell married a second
wife, Hawis daughter of Sir Philip le Despencer, who
died in or before 1414, having borne him a son of his own
name. ^

Sir Andrew Luttrell the younger was knighted during
the lifetime of his father.^ When he succeeded to his
property, he was upwards of twenty-six years of age. ^ Very
little is lyiown about him beyond the fact that he married
Joan daughter of Henry Tailebois. ^ He died on the last
day of December 1397, leaving issue two children under
age, Geoffrey and Hawis. ^

Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, son and heir of Sir Andrew, was
about thirteen years old at the time of his father's death.
His wardship was granted by the King firstly to Oliver of
Stoneley and secondly to Sir Henry Green. ^ In due course
he married Mary daughter of the latter, but she bore him
no children. In 141 1, he was denounced as a disturber of
the peace in Lincolnshire and an associate of his relation.
Sir Walter Tailebois, who had lately come into the cathedral
city with about a hundred and sixty armed horsemen in
quest of Sir Thomas Chaworth. If the charges brought
against this couple were well founded, they got off easily by
giving security for 3,000/. that they would not harm the
mayor or citizens.^ In 141 7, Sir Geoffrey Luttrell took
part in an honourable campaign, fighting in France under
his distant cousin. Sir Hugh Luttrell of Dunster, who
nominally held the manor of East Quantockshead under
him by military service. ^

By the death of Sir Geoffrey Luttrell in the first week of
January 141 9, the male line of Luttrells became extinct.
Hawis, his sister, relict of Sir Thomas Belesby, and wife of
Sir Geoffrey Hilton, was found to be his heir and about
twenty-six years of age. ^^

' Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1349- 1381, p. 318.

^554) P- 272; Chronicon Hcnrici ^ Inq. post mortem, 21 Ric. II. no. 37.

Knighton, vol. i. p. 67. ' Inq. postmortem, I Hen. IV.no. 27.

^ Inq. post mortem, 14 Ric. II. no. ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, 14.08-

32 ; 2 Hen. V. no. 12. 14^3, P- 317-

^ Close Roll, II Ric. II. ' Accounts, Exchequer K.R. bundle

* Inq. post mortem, 14 Ric. II. no. 33. 51, no. 2.

'> Calendar of Patent Rolls, 13"/^- '" Inq. post mortem, 14 Hen. V. no. 6.

510 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

She died on the 24th of March 1422.^ Her second
husband survived her son Thomas Belesby, and at his death
in 1459, the inheritance passed to their son Godfrey Hilton,
who died in 1472.^ A third Godfrey Hilton died in 1476,
when the property was divided between his two sisters. '
Through the families of Thimelby and Conquest, Irnham
eventually passed by descent to Maria Christina, Lady
Arundell of Wardour/ The representation of the main line
of Luttrell is now vested in Lord Arundell of Wardour and
Lord Clifford of Chudleigh.

The Luttrells of East Down in Devonshire and
Spaxton in Somerset. ^

John Luttrell, second son of Sir Hugh Luttrell, K.B.,
has been mentioned already as the lessee of the Priory of
Dunster and the rectories of Dunster and Kilton, and also
as the husband for a time of the relict of Robert Loty of
Lower Marsh. ^ After his divorce from her, he married
another widow, Elizabeth, daughter of — Reynolds, and relict
of — Loghene. By a will dated in May 1558 and proved
five months later, he directed that he should be buried in
the Lady Chapel at Dunster, which almost adjoined his
residence. ^ He left issue three sons : —
Hugh, heir to his father.
George, buried at Dunster on the 12th of February

1586. His will was proved at Taunton.
John, married, on the loth of April 1570, Christine,
daughter of Robert Gough of Dunster, clothier. ®
Their only child, Rebecca, baptized in July 1572,

' Inq. post mortem, i Hen. V. no. 25 not authenticated by specific references

B ; J Hen. VI. no. 57. arc based upon Narcissus Luttrell's

' Inq. post mortem, 8 Hen. VI. no. MS. and Vivian's Visitations 0/ Devon.

35 ; 38 Hen. VI. no. 33 ; 12 Edw. IV. « Pages 133, 409-4U, 413. 420-422,

no. 30. 424, 461, 462.

* Inq. post mortem, 16 Edw. IV. no. ' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.
I. B. vi. p. 15.

* Thoroton ; Stapleton, p. 320. ' Ibid. p. 22.
' Genealogic.il details in this section

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 511

lived just twelve months. John Luttrell was buried
on the 2 1 St of April 1580, whereupon his property
at Dunster, held in burgage, was claimed by his liti-
gious cousin, George Luttrell of Dunster Castle, as
an escheat, on the score that he was a bastard. The
validity of his father's divorce from his first wife may
have been open to question, but the production of a
will by which the younger John Luttrell bequeathed
his house in High Street and an acre of land (called
Skillacre) to his brother George, sufficed to stop
any legal proceedings in the matter. ^ Christine
Luttrell survived her husband only five months,
being buried on the 29th of August.

Hugh Luttrell, eldest son of John and Elizabeth Lut-
trell, lived at Marshwood in the parish of Carhampton. ^
Under his father's will, he was to inherit some plate if he
married Margaret Loghene, but it does not appear that the
condition was fulfilled. Unless his father was married thrice,
the lady thus proposed to him as a wife was his own half-
sister. On the ist of October 1565, he was married at
East Quantockshead to Philippa, daughter of Robert Opy
of Bodmin, the lessee of part of Dunster Castle. He was
buried on the 30th of April 1574, and his relict married
Edward Stradling.^ She had borne him two sons and three
daughters: —

Andrew, heir to his father.

Thomas, died under age in 1573 or 1574. *

Cecily, baptized at East Quantockshead on the loth of
November 1569.

Margaret, married to Robert Wheddon of Dorset.

Honour, married at St. Bride's, London, on the 24th
of May 1606, to Philip Stanton of Kent.

Andrew Luttrell, son of Hugh, married Susan, daughter
of Richard Ley of East Down in Devonshire, and settled
there.* They had issue five sons and four daughters : —
Edward, heir to his father.

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. ii, no. 41.

vi. p. 16. ■• Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol,

^ D.C.M. XX. 6, II, 13. vi. pp. 15, 16.

^ Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. * Chancery Proceedings, L. 13. no. 68.
vi. p. 15 ; Chancery Proceedings, Ss.

512 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

Philip, baptized on the loth of June 1600.
Andrew, baptized on the 13th of July 1606, and buried
on the 28th of May 1646. He had issue : —

Andrew, baptized on the 9th of August 1632, and

buried on the 23rd of October 1670.
Francis, baptized on the 12th of May 1634.
Richard, baptized on the 30th of July 1609, and buried

on the 15th of April 1613.
Hugh, baptized on the i ith of January 1 6 1 8. He had
issue two sons : —

Hugh, baptized on the 5th of October 1648.
Andrew, baptized on the 30th of September 1651.
Both these sons were living in 1671, when Alice
their mother made a will which was proved
in the same year at Barnstaple.
Margaret, baptized on the 28th of June 1601.
Elizabeth, baptized on the loth of January 1604.
Susan, baptized on the 5th of April 1612.
Wilmot, baptized on the 20th of July 1623.

Edward Luttrell of East Down, eldest son of Andrew,
was baptized on the 8th of March 1599. From his grand-
father, Richard Ley, he inherited some land at Winsford. ^
In February 1629, he married Frances daughter of Thomas
CoUard of Spaxton, clothier, and he migrated thither.^ He
was buried at Spaxton on the 5th of May 1664, and his
relict was buried there on the 13th of June 1670. They
had issue three sons and five daughters : —

Andrew, buried on the 19th of May 1665. His will

contains a mention of lands in Cornwall.^
Thomas, baptized on the 9th of January 1630. He
had issue a son of the same name, mentioned in the
will of his grandmother Frances Luttrell, dated
1670 and proved at Bridgewater in the following
year. The will of Thomas Luttrell of Clevedon,
husbandman, dated and proved in 1684, mentions a
wife Joan, a son Thomas, a daughter Mary, and
a daughter Prudence Jones. *

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. pp. 138, 224.

vi. p. 22. ^ Brown's Sow/cr5c/s/;z>e IF///S, vol. ii.

* Calendar ofS.P. Dom. 1637, p. 467; p. 108.

1637-1638, pp. 346, 435 ; 1638-1639, * Ibid.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 513

Edward, baptized on the 30th of June 1 637, and buried

on the 1 6th of November 1677.
Jewell, baptized at Spaxton on the 22nd of May 1631,

and buried at East Down on the 9th of July.
Elizabeth, baptized on the 4th of April 1641.
Millicent, buried on the 23rd of February 1673.
Joan, baptized on the 30th of July 1 647, married to

— Brice.
Frances, married to John Bellamy.

The Luttrells of Honibere in Somerset and
Hartland Abbey in Devonshire. ^

Nicholas Luttrell, third son of Sir Andrew Luttrell of

Dunster (p. 141), was born about 1532. Some provision
was made for him by his father and renewed by his elder
brother. ^ Under the will of his mother, who died in 1580,
he should have received money and plate, including a gilt
cup with a cover bearing the arms of Luttrell and Wynd-
ham, but, in order to obtain delivery, he had to bring a
suit against his sister Margaret Edgcumbe and her husband. ^
In 1562, he got from the Crown a grant of the manor of
Honibere in the parish of Lilstock, concerning which he
had a good deal of litigation. * He was buried at Lilstock
on the 23rd of March i59i[-2]. A brass memorial ordered
by his will does not appear to have been made, but there is
an inscription on stone in memory of him, his wife, his
mother-in-law, and his grand-daughter. ^ Jane his wife,
daughter of Christopher Cheverell of Chantmerel in Dorset,

' Genealogical details in this section no. 9.
not authenticated by specific references * Patent Roll, 4 Eliz. part. 5: Memo-
are based upon Narcissus Luttrell's randa Roll, Hilary, 11 Eliz. m. 105 ;
MS. and Vivian's Visitations of Devon. Feet of Fines, Somerset, Mich. 4 and
The latter, however, is not free from 5 Eliz.; Chancery Proceedings, LI. 9,
serious error. no. 25 ; Series II. 114, no. 18 ; 116,

* Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. iii. no. 13.

p. 41 ; Chancery Proceedings, LI. 4, '' Inq. post mortem, C. 11. 233 (109);

no. 5. Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. vi.

* Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. p. 16.
vi. p. 15; Chancery Proceedings, LI. 9,

514 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

survived until the 6th of June 1627. They had issue three
sons and three daughters : —

Andrew, heir to his father.

Thomas, baptized at East Quantockshead on the 15th
of March 1562. He matriculated at Broadgates
Hall, Oxford, in 1579, whence he proceeded to
Gray's Inn. He is described as a counsellor at law
in 1602, and as living at Whitewyke in Somerset
two years later. ^ His daughter Mary was buried
at Lilstock on the 22nd of October 16 12.

Hugh, of St. Nicholas in the Isle of Wight. He mar-
ried Margaret, relict successively of Thomas Hobson
and Richard Fitzjames. She administered to the
personal estate in 1612, and died in 1627. ^ There
were two daughters, Oriana, and Mary who married
— Godfrey.

Margaret, baptized at East Quantockshead on the
1 2th of September 1563, married at Dodington, in
July 1592, to Giles Dodington.

Eleanor, living in 1588.

Elizabeth, who predeceased her father and was buried
in the chancel at Lilstock.

Andrew Luttrell, eldest son of Nicholas, was born
about the year 1561. He matriculated at Broadgates Hall,
Oxford, together with his brother Thomas, in 1579, and
was afterwards admitted a student of Gray's Inn. In the
early part of 1583, he married Prudence daughter and
coheiress of William Abbot, of Hartland Abbey. He con-
sequently migrated from Somerset to Devon. He was
buried on the 26th of August 1625, and his relict was
buried on the 13th of December 1639. They had issue
six sons and five daughters : —

Nicholas, heir to his father.

John, ancestor of the Luttrells of Saunton Court (see
below).

Andrew, of Luffincot, baptized on the 14th of May
1587. He married at Hartland, in October 1609,

' Chancery Proceedings, li, 3, no. 38; vi. pp. i6, 17; Chancery Proceedings,
L. 6, no. 26. L. 7. no. 49.

* Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 515

Mary daughter of John Punchard of Pilton, and
had issue three daughters : — Grace, who was born in
161 5 and died in 1617, and Anne, and Elizabeth,
who were living in 1633. ^ He died in 1621.

William, baptized on the 24th of December 1592.
He married, in 1631, Rebecca daughter of Thomas
Docton, and by her had issue three daughters : —
Prudence born in 1632 ; Grace, born in 1633, who
died in 1666 ; and Elizabeth, born in 1639. He
died at a great age in January 1684.^

Charles, baptized on the ist of January 1604, dead
in 1631.

Richard, baptized on the i8th of January 1605.

Grace, baptized on the 24th of March 1590, married
in January 16 10 to Robert Loveys of Beardon.

Anne, baptized on the 3rd of December 1591, buried
on the 4th of May 1596.

Elizabeth, baptized on the 18th of June 1597.

Prudence, baptized on the nth of November 1601,
married in November 1633 to Achilles Fortescue.

Anne, baptized on the 27th of July 16 10, buried three
days later.

r^. Nicholas Luttrell, eldest son of Andrew, was baptized
on the 6th of January 1584. He married, in February
1607, Elizabeth, daughter of Anthony Monk of Potheridge.
There is a monument in memory of him in the church at
Hartland, where he was buried on the 9th of April 1637.
His relict was buried there on the 26th of August 1653.
They had issue seven sons and three daughters : —

Anthony, heir to his father.

Nicholas, buried on the 14th of April 1648.^

Francis, baptized on the 1 8th of October 16 12, buried
on the 6th of March 1657.

John, baptized on the 28th of November 1613, mar-
ried on the 2ist of December 1650 to Jane daughter
of Thomas Docton. He was buried on the 23rd of

' Will of Anne Punchard (P.C.C.) ; p. 574.
Chancery Proceedings, H. 31, no. 48 ; ' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

H. 32, no. 30. vi. p. 17.

^ Hist. MSS. Comm, Report v, App.

5i6 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

January 1672 ; she was buried on the 23rd of May
1680. They had issue four daughters : —

Elizabeth, baptized on the 29th of December
1 65 1, married on the 8th of May 1680 to
William Galsworthy.
Eleanor, baptized on the 25th of April 1653,
married on the 25th of July 1681 to John
Stephens.
Mary, baptized on the 17th of August 1654,
buried on the 29th of November in the same
year.
Jane, baptized on the 23rd of December 1655.
Thomas, baptized on the ist of May 161 6. He mar-
ried, on the 23rd of January 1666, Wilmot daughter
of Nicholas Cholwill of Hartland and relict of Richard
Docton of the same parish. She was buried on the
26th of April 1 67 1 ; he was buried on the 15th of
September 1694.
Arthur, baptized on the ist of November 1618.
Edward, baptized on the 26th of March 1620. He
matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford in 1638, and
died there four years later. ^
Mary, buried on the iith of December 1655.
Elizabeth, b^tized on the 29th of December 1614,

buried on the i8th of April 1656.
Eleanor, baptized on the 7th of September 1 6 1 7, buried
on the 20th of December 1647.

Anthony Luttrell, eldest son of Nicholas, was over
twenty-five years of age at the time of his father's death.
He married firstly, on the 21st of July 1636, Mary daughter
of the Rev. Edward Cotton, Rector of Shobrooke. ^ By her,
who was buried on the 7th of April 1 646, he had issue four
sons and three daughters : —

Edward, heir to his father.

William, buried on the 27th of January 1655.

Nicholas, living in 1643.

Anthony, living in 1643.

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. ered at the College of Arms, erroneously

vi. p. 17. calls her daughter and coheiress of

* Inq. post mortem, C. il. 549 (84). William Cotton of Hartland.
A pedigree of the Cotton family, regist-

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. s^7

Margaret, married on the 31st of January 1662 to

Thomas Saltren. , ,:

Elizabeth, baptized on the 17th of September 1643,

buried on the 1 8th of April 1656. , . ,

Mary, baptized on the i6th of March 1645, buried on
the nth of December 1655.
Anthony Luttrell of Hartland Abbey married secondly a
certain Mary, who was buried on the 13th of December 1659.
By her he had issue four sons and three daughters :—

Andrew, baptized on the nth of October 1648 and
buried on the 25th of November in the same year
Thomas, baptized on the i6th of October 1649, and

buried on the 8th of September 1694.
Christopher, baptized on the 26th of January 1654 and

buried on the 3rd of March 1655.
Arthur, baptized on the loth of August 1656 and

buried on the 5th of December in the same year.
Jane, baptized on the 31st of August 1650 married,

on the ist of January 1670, to John Mugtord.
Prudence, baptized on the 26th of September 165 1,

and buried on the loth of April following.
Grace, baptized on the 9th of August 1675, married on
the 20th of November, 1678 to Peter Cole.
Anthony Luttrell was buried on the ist of October 1663.
Edward Luttrell, his eldest son, was admitted a student
of the Inner Temple in 1653. He married Mary Rogers
on the 3rd of July 1663, and by her had issue two
children : —

Nicholas, heir to his father.

Elizabeth, baptized on the 6th of December 1664,
married on the 28th of November 1698 to Thomas
Atkin.
Edward Luttrell was buried on the 21st of March 1666
but his relict did not obtain letters of administration until
1672.

^^ Nicholas Luttrell, the only son, was baptized on the
24th of July 1663, a few weeks only after the marriage of
his parents. He was educated at Emanuel College, Cam-
bridge, and was one of a number of young men of substance
who were selected by the Vice-Chancellor to receive the

5i8 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

degree of A.M. in commemoration of a visit from the King.
In the spring of the same year, 1682, when he was less than
nineteen years of age, he was married, at Caldecot or Cam-
bridge, to Mary daughter of John Creed, a bookseller in the
university town. Being admitted a student of Gray's Inn,
he resided chiefly in London, and he died in the parish of
St. Andrew's, Holborn, in 1694. Mary, his only child,
married Paul Orchard of Aldercombe in Cornwall, the
owner of several burgages at Dunster. After her death
without issue in November 1722, he continued in pos-
session of Hartland Abbey, and it passed at his death to
Paul, his son by a second wife, and so, after a long interval,
to Lewis William Buck of Affeton, the grandfather of the
present owner, Sir Lewis Stucley.

Although the history of the Luttrells of Hartland Abbey
is singularly jejune, a mere list of obscure names and un-
important dates, it is not without some interest from a statis-
tical point of view. Thus the genealogist who is accustomed
to allow three generations to a century, may observe that
no less than five owners of the estate, each representing a
separate generation, died between 1625 and 1694. Then
again it is worthy of notice that although sixteen sons were
born between 16 10 and 1663, the family had by 1694
become extinct in the male line.

The Luttrells of Saunton Court in Devonshire

and their descendants. ^

John Luttrell, second son of Andrew and Prudence
Luttrell of Hartland Abbey, was baptized at Hartland on
the 28th of December 1584. When he was about twenty-
six years of age, he entered into an arrangement with his
grandmother, Jane Luttrell, by which she ceded to him for
her life the greater part of her house at Honibere, and all
her lands in the parishes of Lilstock and Kilton, he

' The earlier part of this section is and a MS. in the possession of Mr.
based upon Narcissus Luttreirs MS. Webber-Incledon of Alcombe.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 519

undertaking to pay her 30/. a year and to find her and three
other persons in meat, drink, and fuel. In 16 14, however,
he migrated to Devonshire, buying Saunton Court and
other property in the parish of Braunton from Arthur
Chichester, Lord Belfast, for the sum of 4,500/. Jane
Luttrell, who describes herself as " impotent, aged, lame,
and weak, " accordingly filed a bill against him in Chancery. ^
He died soon after, on the 24th of February 16 17, and was
buried at Braunton. ^ Frances his relict, daughter of Sir
Edward Gorges of Wraxall, married secondly Sir Edward
Southcote, and died in 1651. By her John Luttrell had
issue four children: —

John, his heir.

Francis (see below p. 521).

Edward (see below p. 525).

Dorothy, baptized at Braunton on the 26th of February
161 5, and married at Radipole in Dorset, on the
2nd of March 1632, to Jonas Dennis of Weymouth,
merchant.

John Luttrell, eldest son of John and Frances, was
baptized at his mother's old home at Wraxall on the 21st of
October 16 10. He was consequently little more than six
years of age at the time of his father's death. Taking up
arms on behalf of the Parliament, he became a Colonel, but
he was killed in a skirmish between Milverton and Wivel-
iscombe in January 1645, ^^^ buried at Taunton.^ He
had married in 1629, when under age, Rachael daughter of
Francis Hardy of Sydling St. Nicholas in Dorset. She
administered to his estate, and was buried at Braunton in
December 1653. They had issue three sons and four
daughters : —

Southcote.

John, buried at Braunton on the 30th of June 1658.

Arthur, baptized there on the 17th of October 1638.

Elizabeth, baptized there on the 8th of May 1630.

Catherine, baptized there on the 3rd of June 1631.

• Chancery Proceedings, James I. * According to another account the
L. 5, no. 30. fatal skirmish was in February. Geiit-

* Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. leman's Magazine, vol. xciii. p. 494.
vi. p. i6.

520 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

Rachael.
Frances.

SouTHCOTE LuTTRELL, son and heir of Colonel John
Luttrell, presumably so named after his step-grandfather Sir
Edward Southcote, was baptized at Dorchester on the 23rd
of July 1632. He was admitted to the Middle Temple in
November 1655. In the following month, he married Amy
daughter of John Pyncombe of Poughill in Devon, the
ceremony being performed by a justice of the peace and
afterwards by the minister of the parish. She died six
months later and was buried at Braunton. On the loth of
May 1662, Southcote Luttrell married a second wife, Anne
daughter of John Codrington of Didmarton in Gloucester-
shire. By her he had issue three sons and four daughters: —
John, baptized at Braunton on the nth of October

1666.
Southcote, his heir.
Robert, baptized at Braunton on the 13th of November

1677, and buried on the nth of September 1679.
Frances, baptized there on the 2nd of March 1670,

and buried on the 4th of January following.
Anne, baptized there on the 29th of January 1679.
Elizabeth, baptized there on the 14th of July 1680.
She married there in 171 1 Marshall Ayres of
Heavitree.
Rachael, baptized there on the 2nd of March 1685.
Anne Luttrell was buried at Braunton on the 6th of
March 1685, almost immediately after the birth of her
youngest child. In October 1686, Southcote Luttrell
married a third wife, Joan daughter of — Mercer, and relict
successively of William Avory and Hugh Trevelyan of
Yarnscombe, by whom he had no issue. About the year

17 1 9, his first-cousin Edward Luttrell came with his wife
to Saunton Court, on a visit which was indefinitely pro-
longed. They seem in fact to have established a complete
ascendancy over their aged host and relative. In September

1720, when he was eighty-eight years of age, he made an
elaborate settlement of his landed estate, entailing it on his
only surviving son, Southcote Luttrell the second, with
remainder to his cousin Edward Luttrell. The effect of

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 521

this was to exclude his own heirs general, bearing the name
of Ayres, and his heir male, Narcissus Luttrell. 1 here is
an entry by the latter : —

"Southcot Luttrell of Santon Court in Branton parish in
the county of Devon, esquire, died there at his house on t nday
7 July 1 72 1 in the evening, and was buried in the said parish
church of Branton, under the communion table there, upon
Tuesday 1 1 of the same July, between 6 and 7 that morning,
without any one to attend him, by the contrivance and order
of that villain Edward Luttrell, his kinsman. "
SouTHCOTE Luttrell the second was baptized at Braunton
on the 17th of October 1672. He matriculated at Exeter
College, Oxford, in July 1690. Some twelve years later
he lost the use of his reason. In 1738, Mary relict ot
Edward Luttrell was appointed committee of his person,
and, in the following year, she was succeeded in that office
by Phihp Lethbridge.' Like his father, Southcote Luttrell
the second lived to a great age. At his death in November
175 1 he was buried at Braunton. His personalty went to
his nephew, Marshall Ayres of the Middle Temple ; his real
estate passed under the settlement of 1720 to Southcote
Hungerford Luttrell, the posthumous son of his third
cousin, Captain Edward Luttrell.

An intermediate line of Luttrells, debarred from the
succession, had by this date become extinct :—

Francis Luttrell, second son of John and Frances men-
tioned above (p. 519), was baptized at Stoke Courcy on the
14th of March 1 61 3. He was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1631.
Dying in April 1677, he was buried in the lower chancel of
the church of St. Giles in the Fields. " He had married at
Bristol, on the 8th of December 1641, Catherine daughter
of Narcissus Mapowder of Holsworthy in Devonshire. She
died at her house in Holborn on the 20th of February 1685,
and was buried beside her husband, to whom she had borne
nine children : —

Francis (i), baptized and buried at St. Margaret's
Westminster in March 1647.

1 Lunacy Commissions (Petty Bag), * Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

L. no. 25. vi- P- i^-

522 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

Francis (2), baptized at St. Giles's on the 17th of
November 1655 and buried at St. Andrew's, Hol-
born on the 20th of October 1656.

Narcissus, heir to his father.

Charles, baptized at St. Giles's on the 24th of July
1663, and buried there on the 9th of October in the
same year.

Jane, born at Clovelly in Devonshire in 1 643, and buried
at St. Andrew's, Holborn, on the 8th of November
1647.

Frances, baptized at St. Andrew's on the 9th of May
1648, and buried there on the ist of July 1657.

Catherine, baptized at Clerkenwell on the 9th of August
1653. On the 2nd of July 1677, she was married
to George Lowe of Lincoln's Inn, at St. Dunstan's in
the West. They were both buried at St. Albans.

Dorothy, born in 1658, married at St. Giles's, on the
1 8th of December 1688, to Owen Wynne, after-
wards Warden of the Mint and Under-Secretary
of State.

Abigail, baptized at St. Giles's on the 13th of February
1661 ; died at Lawrence Waltham in Berkshire on
the 30th of August 1669.

Narcissus Luttrell, third and only surviving son of
Francis and Catherine mentioned above (p. 521), was born in
Holborn on the 12th of August 1657 and baptized twelve
days later by the singular name of his maternal grandfather.
Following the example of his father, he became a student of
Gray's Inn, in August 1673. In the earlier part of the
following year, he was admitted a Fellow Commoner of
St. John's College, Cambridge, but he did not spend more
than nine months at the University, and the degree of
A.M. conferred upon him in 1675 '^^^ obtained by royal
mandate. Through private influence, he was returned to
Parliament as member for Bossiney in 1679 and for Saltash
in 1690. Although called to the bar in 1680, he does not
seem to have practised. So again, although placed in the
Commission of the Peace for Middlesex in 1693, he did not
even take the necessary oaths for more than twelve years.
Nevertheless he duly recorded his successive honorary

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 523

appointments as a Deputy Lieutenant a Commissioner of
Oyer and Terminer, a Commissioner of Sewers, ^ Conimis-
sioner for Land Tax, and Treasurer for Maimed Soldiers
and Mariners. When his name was omitted from the
Commission of the Peace for Middlesex in 1723, ^e "Oted
that the Lord Chancellor had been instigated by Robert
Walpole, in consequence of " some cursed lyes and stories
made to the said Walpole by one Sir Richard Gough

For many years Narcissus Luttrell lived in Hoi born,
opposite to the Three Cups Tavern, but at Christmas 17 10,
he went to reside at Little Chelsea, on a property which he
had bought from the Earl of Shaftesbury. There he formed
a very considerable library of historical books, and a collect-
ion of the political pamphlets, broadsides, and verses ot his
own time. He is chiefly remembered as the compiler ot
A brief historical Relation of State Affairs from 1678 to 17 14,
which was published for the University of Oxford in 1847
in six volumes, with only two pages of preface and an
indifferent index. The work is in no sense a literary com-
position, being merely a transcript of selections from the
ephemeral gazettes and newsletters of the period, supphed to
subscribers and visible at coffee-houses.

In this place Narcissus Luttrell deserves honourable
mention on account of his unwearied, careful and valuable
researches into the history of his own family. When staying
at Dunster, he collated Prynne's catalogue of the muniments
at the Castle with the original documents, and made count-
less emendations in it. He furthermore collected for him-
self all the notices that he could find of the Luttrells, in
printed books, in manuscripts at the Tower of London, the
College of Arms, the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, and
other repositories, and in parish registers in various counties.
It is characteristic of the man that he was satisfied to make
minute and laborious copies without attempting to sift his
material or to compile any consecutive account of the

family.

Thomas Hearne, the Oxford antiquary, seems to have
been somewhat jealous of Narcissus Luttrell's library " col-
lected in a lucky hour at very reasonable rates, " and has
left some unfavourable remarks on him : —

524 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

" Though he was so curious and diligent in collecting and
amassing together, yet he affected to live so private as hardly to
be known in person ; and yet for all that he must be attended
to his grave by judges and the first of his profession in the law,
to whom (such was the sordidness of his temper) he would not
have given a meal's meat in his life.

" As a recommendation of his collection of books, we are told it
was preserved in that place where Mr. Lock and Lord Shaftes-
bury studied, whose principles it may be he imbibed. No
doubt but it is a very extraordinary collection. "

Hearne was a Nonjuror ; Luttrell was a Whig.

" After a tedious indisposition, " Narcissus Luttrell died
on the 27th of June 1732. ^ He was buried at Chelsea on
the 6th of July. He had been married twice. Sarah his
first wife was the daughter of Daniel Baker of Hatton
Garden, and the wedding took place at St. Giles's in the
Fields on the 28th of February 1682. She bore him one
son, Francis. Dying on the 9th of July 1722, she "was
buried by her disconsolate husband on the north side of the
chancell of Chelsea Church, under the pew known by the
name of the Bishop's Pew upon Tuesday 17 of July 1722
about 7 in the evening. " Some three years afterwards, on
the 13th of May 1725, Narcissus Luttrell was married in
the Chapel of Lincoln's Inn to Mary daughter of John
Bearsley of Wolverhampton, by virtue of a licence from the
Archbishop of Canterbury granted eleven months before.
The only issue of this marriage was a boy named Narcissus,
born on the 27th of January 1727, and buried in the middle
aisle of Chelsea Church seven days later, having been " lost
meerly by the carelesnesse of the nurse. " Mary Luttrell
survived her husband some years and was buried at Chelsea
on the 5th of October 1745.

Francis Luttrell, son of Narcissus and Sarah mentioned
above, was baptized at St. Andrew's Holborn, on the I2th
of December 1682. He was admitted to the Middle Temple
in 1700, and called to the bar eight years later. In course
of time he became a Bencher, and he was Treasurer of the
Inn at the time of his death, on the 5th of June 1749- Like
his parents, he was buried at Chelsea. Hearne describes
him as " a bookish man, " and some of his letters on literary

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. vi. p. 20.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 525

subjects have been preserved. ^ There is a portrait of him
at Dunster Castle. As he never married, one branch of the
Luttrell family came to an end in him.

It is now necessary to revert to Edward Luttrell, third
son of John Luttrell of Saunton Court by Frances his wife
mentioned above (p. 519). Baptized at Braunton on the
2nd of November 1616, this Edward Luttrell was admitted
to Gray's Inn at the age of sixteen. Little is known about
him except that he died in Rose Alley, near Holborn, in
March 1668 and was buried at St. Andrew's. Three years
later, administration of his goods was granted to the principal
creditor, his relict named Dorothy renouncing. She was
buried on the south side of the churchyard of St. Giles, on
the ist of July 1697. Francis Luttrell, son of Edward and
Dorothy, was buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn, on the loth
of November 1657.

Edward Luttrell, an attorney, another son of Edward
and Dorothy, married a lady named Mary, whose maiden
name is not known. As stated above (p. 520), they went to
stay with his cousin Southcote Luttrell the elder at Saunton
Court about 17 19, and took up their abode there. Narcissus
Luttrell, supplanted by this Edward Luttrell, calls him
" that villain " and " that rascal. " Administration of the
goods of Edward Luttrell was granted to the relict Mary in
1737. She was buried at Braunton some two years later.
They had issue a son Edward, and a daughter Charlotte,
who was baptized at the Savoy Chapel in April 1695.

Edward Luttrell the third, son of Edward and Mary,
predeceased his father by several years. Nothing is known
as to the exact date of his birth, or that of his marriage to Anne
daughter of Sir George Hungerford of Cadenham in Wilt-
shire. At the end of 17 13, he received a commission in
the first regiment of Foot Guards and he afterwards became
a Lieutenant, with the titular rank of Captain. The cir-
cumstances connected with his untimely death have been very
minutely recorded, but a brief notice of them will here
suffice.

On the 17th of October 1721, two bailiffs named Reason

' Heanie's CollcctioiiSy vol. iii. pp. 273, 426 ; vol. v. p. 238 ; vol. vii. p. 367.

526 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

and Tranter arrested Captain Luttrell in Surrey Street,
between the Strand and the river Thames, for a debt of lo/.
At his request they accompanied him to his lodging there
and he got the necessary money from his young wife. On
his refusal, however, to give them three guineas for their
* civility, ' high words ensued. Being called a rogue, a ras-
cal and a ' minter, ' he struck Tranter on the head with a
walking cane, and Reason retaliated by stabbing him in nine
places and shooting him with one of his own pistols. The
bailiffs were tried for murder in the following year and were
found guilty of manslaughter. Although the jury would
have liked them to be hanged for their brutality, they were
merely branded on the hand. ^ Surviving the affray in
Surrey Street by several hours, Edward Luttrell the younger
was able to make a short will in favour of his wife, who was
then enceinte. ^ He was buried at St. Clement Danes. Some
four months afterwards, the widow bore a son who was
christened by the names of Southcote Hungerford, but she
did not long survive his birth and was buried in the chancel
of Bremhill church in Wiltshire on the 25th of June 1722.
Although she left 100/. for the erection of a monument there
in memory of her mother and herself, her directions to this
effect seem to have been disregarded. Most of her property
passed by will to her brother, Walter Hungerford, in trust
for her only child. ^

Southcote Hungerford Luttrell, the posthumous
orphan, obtained a commission as Second Lieutenant in the
Marines in January 1741. Fifteen months later, he became
a Captain in the regiment afterwards known as the 45th Foot,
and he was promoted to the rank of Major in 1750. The
exact date of his marriage and the maiden name of his wife
are alike unknown. In 1769, a certain Mrs. Jane Sheppard
was stated to be ready to swear at the Sarum Assizes that
the marriage was solemnized in her presence " at (sic) South
Carolina. " ■* Major Luttrell's regiment was for some time
quartered in Nova Scotia, and his second child was born at

' Howell's State Trials,, vol. xvi. pp. * Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

1-45; The widow Liittercll's cry for jus- vi. p. 19.

ticc for the blood of her murthered ' Ibid ; Hoare's Hungerfordiaua.

husbaud,c\.c. drawn up by a gentleman * The family tradition that he was

of the Inner Temple, 8vo. 1722. married at Halifax seems morecredible.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 527

Halifax in that colony in 1785. Affairs in England then
required his presence, and, in October of that year. Captain
Alexander Murray succeeded him as Major, having apparently
bought his commission.

On the death of Southcote Luttrell, the lunatic, in
November 1751, Southcote Hungerford Luttrell had suc-
ceeded, under the entail of 1720, to Saunton Court and the
property that went with it. In 1750, his uncle and former
guardian, Walter Hungerford, had left him 1000/. in full
settlement of all accounts between them, and the will to this
effect had been proved in 1754. He had also been named
as a possible inheritor of part of the Hungerford estate.

After his return to England, Southcote Hungerford Lut-
trell and Mary his wife lived for a while at Saunton Court,
but in 1757 they suffered a recovery of the whole estate, in
order to bar the entail, and it was soon sold to John
Clevland of Tapley Park. ^ Mary Luttrell predeceased her
husband, who, after the sale of Saunton Court, resided
chiefly at Exeter. He had also some connexion with
Falmouth. He died on the 3rd of October 1766 and was
buried on the 9th. Letters of administration were issued
in the following year to his maternal cousin, Abigail Blake,
his four children, Elizabeth, Wilmot Hungerford, Edward,
and John being under age, the last a mere baby.

WiLMOT Hungerford Luttrell, the eldest son, was
baptized at St. Paul's, Halifax, in Nova Scotia, on the 31st
of August 1755. He was nearly twenty-six years of age
when he obtained fresh letters of administration to his
father's estate, in 178 i. ^ Soon after this, he and his two
brothers sold to H. Merewether their reversionary rights in
a moiety of the manor of Rodbourne in Wiltshire, under
the will of their cousin George Hungerford, who died in
1764. He is believed to have died unmarried about 18 14,
but nothing is really known as to this.

Edward Luttrell, the second son of Major Southcote
Hungerford Luttrell, was born in England in 1757.
Elizabeth Hungerford, relict of George Hungerford of

' Recovery Roll, Trin. 30 and 31 * Admon, in P.C.C.

Geo. II ; Close Roll 31 Geo. II. part 2. ^ Ibid ; Papers belonging to the

m. 16; Lysons's Devonshire, p. 65. Wiltshire Archaeological Society.

528 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

Studley House, near Calne, was his godmother. He was
practising as a surgeon at Tonbridge in 1792 when he
wrote a short account of a treatment of gangrene with
alkahs and acids. ^ An official despatch of the 30th of
November 1 803 describes him as a surgeon of considerable
reputation in Kent, who was about to proceed to New South
Wales on board the Experiment^ with a view to settling there.
A colonial return made two years later shows that he then
had a wife and seven children. From January 1807 to
September 1808, he was acting as surgeon on H.M.S.
Porpoise^ a store-ship stationed off the coast of New South
Wales. Having then leave from the Captain to go inland
to visit his family at Paramatta, he fell ill and was unable to
return when summoned. Commodore Bligh, however, his
irascible superior, refused to believe his story, and said that
he must come on board dead or alive. Eventually an ' R '.
was put against his name in the ship's book, to indicate
that he had * run, ' and this stigma was not removed until
after a consideration of the case by the Board of Admiralty
more than ten years later. From New South Wales Dr.
Edward Luttrell removed to Van Dieman's Land, where he
became Surgeon General. Dying on the loth of June 1824,
he was buried at Hobart. Martha his relict, daughter of
the Rev. — Walters, was buried beside him in May 1832.

The Luttrell family in the Australian colonies has so
increased and spread that it has not been found practicable
to give details here of the births, marriages and deaths of
its different scions. Of Dr. Edward Luttrell's six sons,
four indeed died without issue. Hungerford, the eldest, a
surgeon, died of fever off the coast of Africa. Edward, the
second, was lost at sea in the Indian Ocean on board the
Governor Macquarie^ in 1 8 1 1. Robert, the third, was killed
by natives at Paramatta in New South Wales, in 18 12.
Oscar, the fifth, was killed by natives near Melbourne in
1838.

Alfred Luttrell, fourth son of Dr. Edward Luttrell, died
at Hobart in February 1865. He had issue seven sons: —
Edward, John, Alfred, Robert, Frederick, William and
Edwin, and five daughters.

' Watts Bibliotheca Britannica.

App. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 529

Edgar Luttrell, sixth son of Dr. Edward Luttrell, died
at Hobart in May 1865. He had issue seven sons, Edward
Hungerford, Edgar, Wilmot Southcote Hungerford, George
Walter, Edmund B. S., Tasman, and Alfred, and four
daughters.

John Luttrell, the youngest son of Major Southcote
Hungerford Luttrell, was, in 1775, articled as a clerk to an
attorney at Bridgewater. ^ He afterwards practised law on
his own account at Northleach in Gloucestershire, in
London, and perhaps elsewhere. In February 1788, he
married, at Kingston Church, Portsmouth, Hannah daughter
of William Taylor, paymaster of the dockyard there, and
afterwards Deputy Paymaster of the Royal Navy at Somerset
House. He died in or soon after 1832, having had issue
two sons, St. John, and Hungerford, and a daughter, Mary,
who married Captain Fleming.

The eldest son, St. John Luttrell, entered the Royal
Navy in July 1804. While serving on board the Herald
in the Mediterranean in May 1808, he was put in charge
of a prize which foundered with all hands.

Hungerford Luttrell, the second son, born at Chester
on the 2ist of January 1793, and privately baptized, had a
varied but unsatisfactory career. Entering the Royal Navy
as a volunteer in 1807, he served continuously until April
181 1, when he quitted the Colossus with the intention of
joining the Army. In the January, however, he was a
Midshipman on board the Impetueux. He was finally enter-
ed as having "run " from the Namur in November 18 14.
Proceeding to Columbia, he took part in a local war, with
the rank of Captain and Aide de Camp to General Arismendi.
According to his own account, he fell ill and returned to
England without having received due remuneration.

In December 18 19, he was established at Portsmouth,
where he married Maria daughter of Thomas Jervoise of
the Victualling Department. Some years later, his father
put him into communication with a certain W. A. Grobecker,
who said that, if sufficiently paid, he could procure for him
a post under government. The father seems also to have
expected a commission. Eventually Hungerford Luttrell

' King's Bench, Series I. no. 3872.

530 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

paid 300/. to Grobecker, and went to Scotland as chief
officer of the Coast-guard at Stranraer. After a few months,
however, he was recalled on the ground that, at the time of
his appointment, he was eleven days over the limit of age,
thirty-five years. The Treasury resolved to prosecute
Grobecker, and gave Luttrell a temporary allowance of 55. a
day. When it ceased, he considered himself much aggrieved
and sent memorials to the Lords Commissioners, to the Duke
of Wellington, and to the King, culminating in a pamphlet
published in 1830.

Hungerford Luttrell was the last male member of the
family resident in England. He had issue two daughters,
Harriet Maria Hungerford, the wife of J. C. Bicknell, and
Matilda Hungerford, who died unmarried.

John Luttrell of Mapperton in Dorset and his
descendants.

John Luttrell, second son of Thomas and Margaret
Luttrell (page 171), was baptized at Dunster on the 26th
of May 1566. He was admitted a student of the Middle
Temple in February 1584, and he is described, in 16 12, as
an " ancient utter barrister " of that society. ^ Marrying
Anne daughter of Richard Bampfield of Poltimore in Devon,
and relict of Christopher Morgan of South Mapperton in
Dorset, he came to be known as ' John Luttrell of Mapper-
ton. ' ^ Through the interest of his brother, the lord of
Dunster, he was elected one of the Members of Parliament
for Minehead in 1586 and 1588. ^ A will made by him in
July 1620 was proved in the same year. * He had issue: —

Amias, so called after his maternal uncle. Sir Amias
Bampfield. He was admitted a student of the

• Middle Temple Records, vol. i. p. ^ Return of Members of Parliament,

265 ; vol. ii. p. 553. vol. i. pp. 419, 424.

' Hutchins's History 0/ Dorset, vol. ii. * Brovvn'b Somersetshire Wills, vol.

p. 158 ; Chancery Proceedings, LI. 8. vi. p. 16.
no. 46 ; 9 no. 69.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 531

Middle Temple in 16 14, but he died within the
next five years. '

Hugh, died young.

John, matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, in 161 5,
and was admitted a student of the Middle Temple
four years later. "^ He was living in 1620.

George, of King's College, Cambridge, and afterwards
of Cheddington in Dorset, clerk in holy orders.
He was dead by December 1659, when his only son
of the same name was mentioned in an elaborate
entail of the Dunster estate. Margaret relict of the
elder George Luttrell obtained letters of administra-
tion in 1661. ^

Anne, married Thomas Weston of Callow Weston in
Dorset. *

The Luttrells of Rodhuish in Somerset.

Hugh Luttrell, second son of George and Joan Luttrell
of Dunster (p. 176), was baptized there on the 29th of
February 1587. He had property at Rodhuish in the
parish of Carhampton and Northridge and West Myne in
that of Minehead. He was living in 1656. ^ He married
at Charlton Makerel, on the 13th of July 1629, Jane
daughter of Thomas Lyte of Lytescary in that parish, and
by her had issue three sons and four daughters : —
Thomas, heir to his father.

Hugh (1), baptized at Carhampton on the i8th of
December 1639, "^^^ buried there twelve days later.
Hugh (2), baptized at Carhampton on the 21st of
April 1 64 1, and buried there on the loth of May
following.
Jane, married to Lewis Cave of Old Cleeve.
Frances.

' Middle Temple Records, vol. ii. vi. p. i8.

p. 584. ■• Heralds' Visitation of Dorset, 1677.

^ Ibid. p. 642. ^ D.C.M. HI. 12 ; Hancock's Mitie-

' Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol. head, p. 213.

532 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

Susan, baptized at Carhampton on the 8th of April
1634, married to John Everard of Otterhampton,
and died in 1678.

Margaret, baptized at Carhampton on the loth of
December 1638, and buried there a year later.

Thomas Luttrell, eldest son of Hugh and Jane Luttrell,
was baptized at Carhampton on the 19th of July 1637, and
was buried there on the 22nd of July 17 14. By Catherine
his wife, daughter of the Rev. Gregory Sindercombe of
Bishop's Lydeard, he had issue two children, a daughter
Jane who, in 1696, married Thomas Prowse, and a son of
his own name.

Thomas Luttrell, son of Thomas and Catherine Luttrell,
was born about 1668. Failing male issue to his cousins
Colonel Francis Luttrell, and Colonel Alexander Luttrell,
he would have succeeded to the Dunster estate, under the
entail of 1659. He was educated at Westminster under
the famous Dr. Busby, at the expense of Colonel Francis
Luttrell of Dunster Castle, although his own father was
living. About once a year, he was supplied with a fresh outfit,
comprising a cloth coat lined with silk, a waistcoat of cloth
or silk, both adorned with silver buttons and blue figured
ribbon, breeches, worsted stockings and a white hat. In
1683, there was a charge of 6/. lOJ. for " 6 shirts, 6 hand-
kerchers, 8 cravatts, and 6 night capps. " The following,
although unsigned, is not without interest as illustrative of
the cost of a commoner's education : —

** An account of what is due to me for a yeare and quarter's

lodging and dietting for Mr. Lutterell, beginning the 19 of

October 1682 and ending the 19 of January 1683/4, and for

what laid out.

£■ s. d.
" Gave to Dr. Busby his New Year's gift, 2

broad peices of gold, 2 .. 12 .. o

To Mr. Knipe, the second master, i .. i .. 8

To the Doctor's usher, 10 .. o

To Knipe's usher, 5 .. o

To the Moniter of the schoole, 2 .. 6

For 2 paire of stockings, 6 .. 4
For mending of his cloths and cutting of his

haire severall times, 6 .. 6

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 533

Gave him for the Omnia bene and for makeing of

his election theames, 6 .. o

For 2 bands, 2 paire of cuffs, 6 paire of gloves

and black ribbon, lO .. O

For paper, quills, wax candle, sealing vi^ax, Steele

lined box, penn knife, ruler and satchell, 15 .. O

For paper books, a Horace and Juvenall, a Ter-
rence, a Claudian, a Prayer Book, a Horace,
a Greek Epigrams, Ovid's Metamorphosis^
Homer Expository, Dr. Duport's Psalms in
Greek, i .. 6 .. o

For sweeping of the schoole from the 19 of

October '82 to the 19 January '83/4, 2 .. 6

For inke from the 19 of October 1682 to the

19 January 1683/4, i .. 8

Gave to Dr. Busby for a yeare and quarter's

schooleing, ending 19 January '83/4, 5 .. 7.-8

For a year's and quarter's lodging and dietting
for Mr. Lutterell, beginning the 19 of October
1682 and ending the 19 of January 1683/4,
after the rate of 25/. per annum, 31 .. 5 .. O

44 .. 17 .. I0»

The bills for 1681 and 1682 amounted to 45/. 12s. lod.
and 37/. iij. 6d. respectively, towards which Colonel
Luttrell had paid only 50/. by a bill payable at twelve days'
sight charged on Mr. Williams, goldsmith, in Lombard
Street.

From Westminster Thomas Luttrell proceeded to Balliol
College, Oxford, in 1685, and he afterwards became a
Fellow of All Souls College. In 1703, he took the degree
of Bachelor of Medicine. On the 19th of September 1706,
he was married at Porlock to Jane Arundel late of Exford,
said to have been a daughter of the Rev. Nathaniel Arundel.
He died as he was leaving the Abbey Church of Bath, on
the 13th of March 1720, but his corpse was removed to
Carhampton and buried there two days later. His will
was proved in the same year by his relict, Jane Luttrell. ^

1 The bill for Thomas Luttrell may the Evening Mail of January 1834.

be compared with those for his con- * Brown's Somersetshire Wills, vol.

temporary Francis Lynn, quoted in vi. p. 19.
CoUins's Public Schools (p. 115) from

534 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

Alexander Fownes Luttrell (i) and his descendants.

Alexander Fownes Luttrell (i), fourth son of Henry
and Margaret, (p. 260), was baptized at Dunster on the
30th of November 1754, and educated at Pembroke College,
Cambridge. In 1779, he was instituted to the Rectory
of East Quantockshead, and in the following year to the
Prebend of Combe Decima in Wells Cathedral, and also
to the Vicarage of Minehead. Although holding two bene-
fices with cure of souls, thirteen miles apart, he does not
appear to have resided constantly on either. In February
1809, he wrote from St. Audries : —

" I have lately received two letters from the Bishop. In the
former one, he mentions the absolute necessity of my renewing
my licence for non-residence, as otherwise he must represent
me as such (sic) to the iPrivy Council at Lady Day next. In
answer therefore, I requested him to grant me that (licence) for
East Quantoxhead, there being — as I suggested to him — no
occasion for one for Minehead, having a curate constantly
residing thereon. He also made particular inquiries about the
house there, in what state it was, and whether habitable. I
represented it as by no means fit for any one's residence.
Notwithstanding, he observes in his second letter the necessity
of having one (licence) for that place also, and has in conse-
quence sent me one for each place, valid till ist January next.
There cannot be any just reason, I think, for his thus acting,
but merely to put an additional guinea into his Secretary's
pocket. "

The letter is characteristic of the manner in which eccle-
siastical rules were regarded at the time. Alexander Fownes
Luttrell married, in 1807, Lucy daughter of John Gatchell,
who died in 1844. He predeceased her by many years,
dying in 18 16. They had issue a son and a daughter : —

Alexander Henry, born in 1808. He was instituted to
the Vicarage of Minehead in 1832, and held it more than
sixty-six years, until his death in February 1899. He mar-
ried, in 1837, Charlotte daughter of the Rev. John Jeremy,
who died in October 1887, and had issue two children : —
Alexander John, born in 1839 ^'"^^ <^i^^ ^^ 1851.

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 535

Margaret Charlotte, married In January 1870 to her
cousin John Alexander Fownes Luttrell, R.N.
Caroline Lucy, born In 181 1, married In 1836 to Edward
Jordan Yeatman, H.E.I.C.5.

Francis Fownes Luttrell and his descendants.

Francis Fownes Luttrell, fifth son of Henry and
Margaret (page 260), was born at Dunster on the 9th of
February 1756, and baptized on the following day. A bill
for his conveyance to Eton In January 1771, shows that the
journey then took three days. On the first day, he rode
to Bridgewater, and drove thence in a chaise to Piper's Inn,
and so In another to Wells. On the second day, one chaise
conveyed him to Bath, and a second to Devizes. On the
third day, the route lay through Marlborough and Reading.
In 1773, Francis Fownes Luttrell matriculated at Queen's
College, Oxford, and he eventually proceeded to the degree
of D.C.L. In the meanwhile he was called to the bar at
the Middle Temple. From 1780 to 1783, he sat in the
House of Commons for the borough of MInehead, obviously
as a stop-gap. In December 1793, he was appointed a
Commissioner of Customs, and in course of time he became
one of the Chairmen of the Board. He married, on the
2 1 St of April 1788, Charlotte third daughter of Francis
Drewe of Grange In Devonshire, a younger sister of his
eldest brother's wife. They had issue five sons and seven
daughters : —

Henry, born In London on the 3rd of February 1789,
and baptized at Dunster on the 15th of October.
He was educated at Westminster and at Christ
Church, Oxford, where he became B.A. In 18 10.
Like his father, he joined the Society of the Middle
Temple, but he died on the 20th of July 18 13.

Francis, born on the 4th of July 1795, ^'^d died in
infancy.

536 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

Francis Wynne, born on the 24th of June iSoi, and

died on the loth of September 1820.
Edward (i), born on the 6th of October 1803, and died

in infancy.
Edward (2), born on the 12th of November 1806, and

died in infancy.
Charlotte, born on the nth of May 1790, married on

the 9th of August 1 8 10, the Ven. Charles Abel

Moysey, D.D. Archdeacon of Bath, and died in

1819.
Anne, born on the 4th of November 1791, married, on

the 24th of July 1829, Abel Moysey of Charter-
house Hinton, and died in 1846.
Caroline, born on the 4th of February 1793, married,

on the 20th of January 1823, Captain Henry Fan-

shawe, R.N., and died in 1863.
Louisa Frances, born on the 9th of May 1794, and

died on the i8th of July 18 17.
Maria, born on the 6th of November 1796, and died

on the loth of September 1820, at Hembury near

Bristol.
Mary Frances, born on the 26th of April 1798, and

died in 1872.
Marcia, born on the 15th of August 1799, married at

Winchester, on the 4th of February 1842, Douglas

Wynne Stuart.
Charlotte Luttrell, the mother of this large family, died
on the 27th of April 18 17. There is a very pleasing por-
trait of her at Dunster, drawn by Down man before her
marriage. Her husband survived until the 29th of April
1823. There is a portrait of him at Bathealton Court.

Alexander Fownes Luttrell (2) and his descendants.

Alexander Fownes Luttrell (2), fourth son of John
and Mary (p. 270), was born on the 28th of May 1793,
and baptized at Dunster. He was educated at Eton and

J. Dou-nmaii.

CHARLOTTE DREWE.
(Mrs. F. FOWNES LUTTRELL.)

1761

APP. c. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. s?>7

at Exeter College, Oxford, where he took the degree of
B.C.L. In 1 8 19, he was appointed to the rectory of East
Quantockshead, which he held for almost seventy years. This
long incumbency is in itself sufficiently remarkable. A more
remarkable fact is that, after taking his eldest son to Eton,
about the year 1840, he never passed a single night outside
the walls of his own house, although not prevented either
by want of means or health. He married, in May 1824,
Jane daughter of William Leader of Putney Hill, who died
in 1 87 1. At the time of his own death, on the i8th of
October 1888, he was probably the oldest Etonian and the
oldest clergyman of the Church of England. He had issue
two sons and two daughters : —

Henry Acland, of Badgworth Court, born in 1826,
and educated at Eton, where he was Captain of the
Boats. In 1845, he took the degree of M.A. at
Trinity College, Oxford. Entering the army, he
became a Captain in the Rifle Brigade, and after-
wards Honorary Colonel of the 3rd Somerset Light
Infantry. He was High Sheriff of Somerset in
188 I, and was created a C.B. in 1887. He died at
Badgworth Court on the 7th of July 1893, ^"^ was
buried at Weare. By Mary Ann his wife, daughter
of Joseph Ruscombe Poole, who married him in
1857, and died in March 1908, he had an only
daughter, Eva.

John Alexander of Edington near Bridgewater, born on
the 8th of December 1833. Entering the Royal Navy
in October 1 846, as an Admiralty Midshipman on the
Collingwood, he eventually became a Post Captain.
He died on the 2nd of August 1889. He married,
on the 27th of January 1870, Margaret Charlotte,
daughter of the Rev. Alexander Henry Fownes Lut-
trell. Vicar of Minehead, by whom he had issue : —

Alexander Collingwood, of Leacombe House, Ax-
minster, born on the 21st of October 1870.
He married, on the 4th of October 1898,
Florence Blanche, daughter of the Rev. Henry
Elliot Stapleton, and has issue two children,
Alexander Henry, and Romola Margaret.

538 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. c.

John Leader, born in November 1871. He enter-
ed the Royal Navy, and was mentioned in
despatches in connexion with the expedition to
Pekin. He died, a Lieutenant, on the 25th of
October 1902.

Henry Jeremy, born in 1874, died in infancy.

Margaret Jane, married, in October 1898, Oswald
Vavasour Yates.

Florence Louisa, married, in February 1903, the
Rev. Geoffrey de Ybarrando Aldridge, Rector of
Kingweston.
Fanny Harriet, married, in April 1861, John Blommart

of Willett House.
Florence, married, in July 1851, Richard Augustus
Bethell, afterwards second Lord Westbury.

APPENDIX D.

The Luttrells of Luttrellstown near Dublin.

The history of the Irish Luttrells is varied and interesting,
especially in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. One
of them is characterised as " a bad man, the father of a bad
man, and the grandfather of a bad man. " ^ They do not,
however, come within the scope of the present work, which
deals with such Luttrells only as were in some way connected
with the lords of Dunster.

In the reign of George the Third, and possibly earlier,
there was an idea that the Irish Luttrells were cadets of the
old English family of that name. When Simon Luttrell of
Luttrellstown near Dublin was raised to the peerage of
Ireland in 1768, he was created Baron Irnham. So again
when further honours were conferred upon him, he became
Viscount Carhampton in 178 1, and Earl of Carhampton in
1785. The titles selected imply that he was descended not
only from the original stock of the Luttrells in Lincolnshire,
but also from the branch of the family established in West
Somerset.

Anne, the beautiful daughter of this nobleman, married,
in 1 77 1, Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland, brother
of King George the Third, and, in the same year, Joseph
Edmondson, Mowbray Herald Extraordinary, compiled a
genealogical table professing to trace her descent from the
time of William the Conqueror, by means of records, family
deeds and the like. It is an elaborate and sumptuous docu-
ment, written on a roll of fine vellum more than sixteen
feet in length, and adorned with eighty shields richly illum-

' Bedford, The Luttrells of Four xxxiv.), and sections in Ball's History

Oaks, p. 7. Among other sources of of the County of Dnhliii (part iv. pp.

information with regard to this family, 1-21) and Archdall's edition of Lodge's

there are several articles in the Diet- Peerage of Ireland (vol. iii. pp. 407-

ionary of National Biography (vol. 413).

540 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. d.

inated. ^ For the last three centuries covered, this pedigree
has every appearance of being authentic ; the early part of
it is less satisfactory. The really critical point, however,
comes where the genealogist attempts to connect the Irish
Luttrells, who bore for arms a chevron between three
otters, with the English Luttrells who bore a bend between
six martlets. He does it by making a bold statement that
the first Sir Hugh Luttrell of Dunster had a younger son
Robert, who settled in Ireland and assumed a new shield.
No evidence whatever is offered in support of this story.

It might be sufficient to observe that a Herald of the
time of George the Third cannot be accepted as an authority
with regard to persons who lived in the first half of the
fifteenth century, and that the Dunster muniments, so rich
in respect to Sir Hugh Luttrell and his children, contain no
allusion to a son named Robert. But there is more to be
said, of a less negative character, as to the ancestry of the
Earl of Carhampton and the Duchess of Cumberland.

It has been seen above (pp. 60, 61) that Geoffrey Luttrell,
the first recorded member of the English family of that
name, was a minister of King John in Ireland, and acquired
land in that country. Robert Luttrell, who may have been
related to him, was a Canon of St. Patrick's, Dublin, in
1228, and for a time the King's Chancellor in Ireland. ^ At
the close of that century, Michael Luttrell had property
near Lucan, in the county of Dublin, at or close to the place
afterwards known as Luttrellstown. ^ In 1349, there is
mention of a certain Simon Luttrell in the same neighbour-
hood, and it may be noted that his Christian name recurs
in the pedigree of the Irish Luttrells. * Lastly, a certain
Robert Luttrell, son of John Luttrell, occurs in the reign
of Henry the Fifth as owning the land that had belonged to
Simon Luttrell some sixty years before. ^ This is, appar-
ently, the very Robert whom Edmondson and others fol-
lowing him have chosen to describe as a younger son of Sir
Hugh Luttrell of Dunster.

' This pedigree, in its original case ^ Ibid. I28s-i2g2, pp. 97, 157 ; Cat-
covered with red morocco,was recently endar of Justiciary Rolls, I2gs-i30i,
on sale by Mr. E. Menken of 50 Great pp. 76, 222, 301.
Russell Street, London. ■• Ball, p. 3.

* Calendar of documents relating to * Twenty-Jour th Report of Deputy

Irelatidy ii^i-i2§i, passim. Keeper of Records in Ireland, p. 100.

SEALS 8-IO.

Sir Andrew Luttrell.
d. 1265.

Sir Geoffrey Luttrell.
d. 1269 or 1270.

10.

Sir Geoffrey Luttrel
d. 1269 or 1270.

APPENDIX E.

The Arms and Seals of the Luttrells.

The heraldry of the Luttrell family presents several
points of interest, and the series of seals of the Somerset
branch, preserved among the muniments at Dunster Castle,
is remarkably perfect.

Nothing is known as to the arms that Geoffrey Luttrell,
the founder of the family, may have borne. His son. Sir
Andrew Luttrell, who died in 1265, granted East Quan-
tockshead to his second son Alexander, and ratified the deed
with a seal bearing three bars on a pointed shield, and the
legend : — " sigill andre luterel. " ^ There are no means
of ascertaining what the tinctures of the shield may have been.
The woodcut (No. 8) is copied from a finer impression of
the same seal in the British Museum. ^

The bearing of the three bars must have been soon
abandoned, for a deed of the year 1261, by which " Geoffrey
Luterel, son of Sir Andrew Luterel, " granted common of
pasture at Hooton Paynell to the Prior and brethren of
St. John of Jerusalem in England, is attested by a green
seal (No. 9) bearing the device of six martlets, and the
legend — " sigill. galfridi luterel. " ' Another deed, by
which the same Geoffrey conveyed the manor of East
Quantockshead to his younger brother Alexander, is attested
by a white seal (No. 10) which shows four martlets on a
shield divided quarterly. * The legend round the seal has
unfortunately disappeared.

The grandson of Geoffrey Luttrell, of the same name,
bore for his arms : — Azure a bend between six martlets

1 D.C.M. xxn, I. ' Topham Charter 16.

2 Add. Charter 21268. * D.C.M. xxii, i.

542 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. e.

argent. ^ This coat was certainly borne by his descendants
the Luttrells of Irnham, co. Lincoln, though some modern
books erroneously assign to them the arms of the Luttrells
of Somerset. ^ It is, or was, to be seen in the church of
Hawton, co. Nottingham, ^ and it occurs several times in
the Luttrell Psalter. In that beautiful manuscript. Dame
Agnes Luttrell is represented as attired in a dress on which
her husband's arms are impaled with those of Sutton — Or
a lion rampant vert. Her daughter-in-law. Dame Beatrice
Luttrell, appears in the same illumination in a dress on
which the arms of Sir Andrew Luttrell are impaled with
Azure a bend or, a label argent^ for Scrope of Masham. ^
The arms of a later Sir Andrew are duly blazoned in a roll
of the time of Richard the Second as Azure a bend between
six martlets argent. ^ His son. Sir Geoffrey, the last of the
Luttrells of Irnham had a beautiful seal (No. 1 1), on which
his arms are shown under a richly mantled helmet crowned
with an orle and surmounted by his crest, a fish's tail. The
trees on either side of the helmet appear to have been in-
troduced merely as ornaments. The legend runs : — " siG-

ILLUM GALFRIDI LOUTERELL. " ^

Like their cousins in Lincolnshire, the Luttrells of East
Quantockshead bore for arms a bend between six martlets,
but with this important difference that the field was blazoned
or instead of azure, and the charges on it sal>/e instead of
argent. Thus, in a Roll of Arms of the reign of Edward
the Second, we read : —

" Sire Andreu Loterel, de or, a une hende e vj merelos de
sable.

Sire Geffrey Loterel, de azure, a une bende e vj merelos
de argent. "^

Sir Andrew Luttrell of East Quantockshead is there
placed among the knights of the county of Lincoln, because
his estates in Somerset were held under his cousin Sir
Geoffrey.

' Guillim'sRollof Armsof thetimeof //awjs/nV^, vol. i, p. 357.
Edward I., printed in The Genealogist, * Vetiista Moniimcnta, vol. vi.

vol. i, p. 325. * Willement's Roll of Arms.

* Nicolab'a Roll of Ar^ns of the reign * Brit. Museum, Add. Charters, 21037,
of Edward II., 2.nA Roll of Arms of the 21038.

reign of Edward III. ' Nicolas's Roll of Arms of the reign

* Thoroton's Antiquities of Notting- of Edward II.

SEALS I I - 1 4.

12.
Sir Alexander

Luttrell.
fi- 13^8-1354.

Sir Geoffrey Luttrell.
d. 1419.

13-

Sir John Luttrell,

K.B.

d. 1403.

14.

Dame Elizabeth Luttrell.

d. 1395.

APP. E. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 543

Sir Alexander Luttrell, the son and successor of this Sir
Andrew, used a small seal (No. 12) showing his coat of
arms within a decorated quatrefoil. The legend runs : —

" SIGILLU. ALEXANDRI LOTERELL. " ^

Sir John Luttrell, K.B. in whom the main line of the
Luttrells of East Quantockshead became extinct in 1403,
used a small seal (No. 13) bearing his arms and the legend: —
"siGiLL. joHis LOTERELL. " ^ The bend on the shields is
cross-barred — an accidental forestalling by two centuries of
the modern system of representing sal^/e in heraldry.

The Luttrells of Chilton, in Devon, a cadet branch of the
Luttrells of East Quantockshead, differenced their shield
by the addition of a bordure engrailed sal?k. The seal of
Dame Elizabeth Luttrell, the purchaser of Dunster (No. 14),
shows the Luttrell arms within this bordure, impaled with
those of Courtenay, the whole shield mounted on a double
rose. The legend round this beautiful seal is : — " sigil-
LUM ELIZABETH LUTERELL. " ^ The arms of this Lady
Luttrell are, or were, to be seen at Canterbury. *

In the month of September 1403, six standards bearing
the arms of Sir Hugh Luttrell were delivered to some ships
that were to convey provisions to him in Wales from the
port of Minehead. ^ When he served under Henry the
Fifth, at the siege of Rouen a few years later, his shield
was blazoned — Or, a bend between six martlets saMe within
a bordure engrailed of the same. " These arms appear on
the seal (No. 15) which he used during the greater part of
his life, for legal and official purposes in England and in
Normandy alike. Proud of the Bohun blood that ran in
his veins, he placed over his shield a swan, the well-known
badge of the Bohun family. The legend on the seal is —
" siGiLLUM HUGONis LUTRELL MiLiTis. " ^ In attesting priv-
ate letters, warrants to his receiver-general, and other papers
of an informal character, Sir Hugh Luttrell used a small
signet (No. 16) bearing a single martlet and two sprigs of
foliage, instead of his large heraldic seal. ^ Some impres-
sions of this signet, preserved among the muniments at

' D.C.M. XXII. 2. * Page 8i above.

' D.C.M. XXII, 4. « Had. MS. 1586, f. 85.

' D.C.M. XXXVII, 41. ' D.C.M., and Brit. Museum Add.

* Willement's Heraldic Notices oj Charter, 1397.
Canterbury, p. 160. ' D.C.M. xi. i.

544 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. e.

Dunster Castle, are attached to documents written on parch-
ment by a little strip of that material as shown in the
woodcut ; others are affixed to the manuscripts themselves
en placard, on a foundation made of a twist of straw. Dame
Catherine Luttrell, Sir Hugh's wife, used a signet (No. 17)
bearing a Catherine-wheel in allusion to her Christian name.^
There is in a volume at the College of Arms a bad transcript
of a very interesting French deed by which Hugh Courtenay,
Earl of Devon, granted his badges to his cousin Sir Hugh
Luttrell, in 1421.^ It runs as follows : —

" A tons yceux que cestes nos lettres verront ou orront Hugh
Courtnay, Count de Devon et S"^ d^ Ockhampton, feiz et hair
a Mons^ r honorable (?) ' et tresnohle 5" Edward Courtney,
Count de Devon et S'^ d'Okhampton, que Dieu assoile, saluz
en Dieu. Sachez nous avons don et grante et par y cestes
nos lettres confirme a nostre treschere et bon ame coseyn
Hugh Lutrel Clf et 5"" Donstarre nos bages, cest a savoire
un Sengler Blanc arme d'or portans come nous portons,
avecque un diffrence dun doble rose dor sur lespald en dit
sengler, a avoir et tenoir le dites bages de nostre don al dit
S'^ Hugh de Luttrell et ses heires a tous jours En test-
monance de quel chose a ycestes nos presentz lettres nous
avons mis nostre seale de nous armes. Donne a Plimmouth
le 1 3 jour de Juell, a temps que nous avons * priz nostre
voyage ^ par grace de Deux envers nostre tresouveraigne
Roy en Normandie, Pan du raigne le dit nostre .S' le Roy
S^ le Henri quint puis le Conquest 9"" ®

On the strength of this, the Luttrell crest is given as a
boar passant argent, armed or, charged on the shoulder with
a double rose of the second, a notable example of one metal
being placed on another. In point of fact the boar was
never used as a crest or as a badge by the Luttrells of
Dunster. It is possible that the double rose on the seal of

' D. CM. XXII. II. only on the authority of Sampson

* C. 22. f. 394. Leonard, the very Herald who com-

* " Thome " in transcript. piled the MS. at the College of Arms.

* "a notnc" in transcript. He is said to have seen the original

* " Brage " in transcript. deed with the Earl of Devon's seal

* The year is given as 7 Henry V, attached, but Prynne does not men-
instead of 9 Henry V, in a translation tion it in the Calendar of the Muni-
of this document in Cleaveland's//js/or>' ments at Dunster Castle which he made
of the Family of Courtenay, p. 211, but in 1650.

SEALS 15-18.

16.

Sir Hugh Luttrell.

d. 1428.

15.

Sir Hugh Luttrell.

d. 1428.

I/-
Dame Catherine

Luttrell.
d. 1435-

18.

Sir Hugh Luttrell.

d. 1428.

APP. E. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 545

Dame Elizabeth Luttrell, already described, may have been
derived from the Courtenays, though of course not in con-
sequence of the grant to Sir Hugh Luttrell, which was not
made until some years after her death. Sir Hugh Luttrell
seems to have placed a peculiar interpretation of his own
on the grant of his noble kinsman, for, while practically
rejecting the badge of the white boar proffered in it, he
adopted the crest and the supporters of the head of the
Courtenay family. The fine heraldic seal (No. 18), which
he used during the last few years of his life, is a free copy
of that which the Earl of Devon affixed to the French deed
just quoted. ^ On both of them the crest is a hrge panac/iCj
or plume of feathers, rising out of a coronet which encircles
the helmet ; on both of them the supporters are a pair of
swans collared and chained, as borne by the Bohuns.

The shield on Sir Hugh Luttrell's second seal shows the
bend and the six martlets, without the engrailed bordure
which appears on his first seal. By the successive deaths of
Sir John Luttrell, K.B. of East Quantockshead, in 1403,
and Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, of Irnham, in 141 9, Sir Hugh
Luttrell had become the chief male representative of his
family, and there was no longer any occasion for him to
exhibit a mark of cadency on his coat of arms. The legend
on his second seal is — " s. hugonis [lutrell] militis dni

DE DUNSTERRE. " ^

For many years after attaining his majority, John Luttrell
was in the habit of using a seal (No. 19) closely resembling
the first seal of his father, Sir. Hugh. It will be observed,
however, that the swan above the shield is represented with
closed wings, and that the shield is charged with a label
as a mark of cadency. The legend is : — " sigillum
joHANNis LUTTRELL ARMiGERi. " ^ John Luttrell also had a
signet (No. 20) bearing the device of an otter with some
water and a letter * l ' below and the letters * trell ' above,
which was evidently intended as a pun on his surname, as the
French for an otter, loutre, when followed by the syllable
' trell ' made up ' Lcutretrell, ' or shortly ' Loutrell. ' *
Such a signet, though good enough for an heir apparent, was

' There are several impressions of - D.C.M. xxiv. 6.

the seal of Hugh, Earl of Devon, in ^ D.C.M. xxxvii. 46, 52.

the British Museum. * D.C.M. xxxvi. 2.

546

A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. e.

not deemed worthy of the Lord of Dunster, and the lawyers
of the day seem to have raised objections to it. The result
was that when John Luttrell affixed it to a release, shortly
after his father's death, a memorandum was drawn up to the
effect that he had sealed the deed with his signet in the
presence of certain credible witnesses, but that he would
seal it again with a seal bearing his coat of arms after his
next visit to London, where he intended to order a suitable
seal. ^ He had probably abandoned his first heraldic seal at
the time when his father resolved to omit the engrailed
bordure from the arms of the Luttrells of Dunster. The
new seal engraved for him resembles the later heraldic seal
of his father (No. i8), but he is still described on it as
' esquire (armigeri) ' ' It is recorded in the Heralds' Visit-
ation of the county of Devon, that

" This Sir John tooke the Queen of Scotts prisoner in the
fielde, after which hee bare a Coronett for his Creast, and after
he took an Earle of France prisoner, and may here a swan for
his Creast, collered and chained. " *
The story, however, is not supported by any contemporary
evidence, and it may safely be dismissed as mythical, inas-
much as the crest-coronet and the chained swan were alike
borne by Sir John Luttrell's father and derived from the
Courtenays. Dame Margaret Luttrell, the relict of Sir John,
did not use a signet, her receipts being simply attested by
her signature.

James Luttrell, Sir John's son and successor, bore on his
signet (No. 21) a single martlet. * His larger seal (No. 22)
shows the Luttrell shield supported by swans. Here first
appears the crest of an otter which was used by several of

1 " Memorandum quod Johannes sigillum suuin erit factum, quia in

Lutrell,filiiis et heres Hugouis Lutrcll, veritaic sigillum siinm non est adhuc

sigillavit islam relaxacioiicm cum signc- factum, scd erit, qua iido predictus Jo-

to sua apiid Glastiouiam in comitatu hannes Lutrcll, proxime venerit ad

Somersclensi tcrcio die Scplemhris anno Loiidoniam, quod erit infra breve tem-

regni Regis Henrici Sexti post conqties- pus. " Transcript of Surrenden Char-

tunt seplimo, in presencia Thome Stawell ters made by the late Rev. Lambert

militis, Hiigonis Cary senescalli Abbatis B. Larking.

Glastonic, Thome Leiiesham deScaccario - Court of Wards, Deeds and Evi-

domini Regis, WiUclmi Corner et Thome dences, Box 2.

Colbrokc armigeronim, et plurimorum ^ Harl. MSS. T080, f. 156; 1163, f.

aliorum. Et predictus Johannes Lut- 116. The early part of the Luttrell

rell concessit prcfato Hiigoni Cary ad pedigree there given is not entitled to

sigillandam predictam relaxacionem any sort of credit.

cum sigillo armorum suorum quando * D.C.M. xxxv, 4.

SEALS 19-22.

20.

Sir John Luttrcll
d. 1430.

19.

Sir John Luttrell.

d. 1430.

21.

Sir James Luttrell.

d, 1461.

22.

Sir James Luttrell.
d. 1 46 1.

APP. E. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 547

his descendants. The legend is simply :— " James lut-
RELL, " and the character of the engraving shows the
decadence in art. ^

Sir Hugh Luttrell, K.B. the eventual successor to Sir James,
used a somewhat similar seal (No. 23). The legend is :—

« HUGH LUTTRELL, KNYGHT. " ' His signet (No. 24) whlch

is square in form bears a martlet reversed and a sprig of
foliage. ' This Sir Hugh Luttrell appears to have put up
the heraldic tablet which is to be seen over the western arch
of the Gatehouse at Dunster Castle. The Luttrell shield is
there represented in the upper compartment as supported
on the backs of two swans, collared and chained as usual.
Over this is a richly mantled helm affrontee and in high
relief, carrying as a crest some animal of which the body
and the forelegs alone now remain, while above all a second
crest, an otter courant, is shown on the same plane as the
shield. In the lower compartment there are eight shields: —

1. Luttrell (without any bordure) impaUng Courtenay ;

2. Luttrell impaling Beaumont; 3. Luttrell impaling Audley;
4. Luttrell impaling Courtenay of Powderham ; 5. Luttrell
impaling Hill; 6. Luttrell impaling a blank.* The seventh
and eighth shields are blank. The arms of Sir Hugh
Luttrell, impaling a saltire 'z;^/V between four mullets pierced,
the arms of his first wife Margaret Hill, are also on his
monument in the church of East Quantockshead.

Sir Andrew Luttrell did not fill up the shield prepared
for him on the Gatehouse at Dunster, but his arms impaled
with those of Wyndham, a chevron between three lions'
heads, are carved on the monument at East Quantockshead.
It does not appear whether he ever had a heraldic seal.
His signet (No. 25) bears his badge the swan collared, and
a French motto which may be read either " tous sur, " or

" sur TOUS. " '"

Mention has been made of Dame Margaret Luttrell's
bequest to her daughter, Margaret Edgcumbe, of her best
and largest carpet, a piece of silken tapestry measuring 1 8 ft.
3 in. by 6 ft. 7 in. "" The ground of the central portion is
black, ornamented with an elaborate geometrical pattern of

' D.C.M. XXXVII, 15. ■• See page 363 above.

2 D.C.M. I. 30 ; II. 4. ' D.C.M. v. 18.

' D.C.M. ^ Page 141 above.

548 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. e.

yellow circles, interlaced with floriated yellow quatrefoils and
green squares. In the centre of each circle there is a blue
floriated cross radiating from a stifl* yellow sunflower : in the
centres of the quatrefoils and squares, Tudor roses alternate
with honeysuckles. The border has a running pattern of
honeysuckles and sunflowers on a red ground. At inter-
vals, white lilies, growing in the border, impinge upon the
central part of the design. The heraldic adornments of the
carpet are very interesting and beautiful. In the centre,
surrounded by a wreath of lilies, honeysuckles, and daisies,
and hanging from the neck of a white swan, is the shield of
Luttrell impaling Wyndham, with the initials of Sir Andrew
Luttrell below. ^ On the left of it, surrounded by a wreath
of lilies and daisies, is the shield of Luttrell impaling Hill,
with the initials ' H ' (reversed) and * M ' below, standing
for Sir Hugh Luttrell and Margaret his wife. On the
right, surrounded by a wreath of lilies and cherries issuing
from a vase, is the shield of Luttrell impaling Courtenay of
Powderham, with the initials of Sir James Luttrell above. ^
On these three principal shields, gold thread and silver
thread are used for the two heraldic metals. In the border
there are twelve simpler shields, varying considerably in
shape and size, and placed at irregular intervals without
regard to the symmetry of the general design. These are: —
Luttrell impaling Beaumont ; Wyndham impaling Scrope
quartered with Tibetot ; Luttrell impaling Audley; Luttrell
impaling Hill : Luttrell impaling Wyndham ; Luttrell im-
paling Hill; Luttrell impaling Wyndham; Luttrell impahng
Hill ; Luttrell impaling Audley; Courtenay of Powderham;
Beaumont ; Courtenay of Powderham. It will be observed
that the arrangement of the shields is casual. There are no
crests or mottoes on the carpet. It must have been made
for the high table at Dunster or East Quantockshead,between
1 5 14 and 1538, or at latest 1543.

Sir John Luttrell, the * noble captain, ' used a signet
(No. 26) which bears a swan collared and chained, without
any motto. ^ After his death, this signet was successively
used by his brother Thomas, and his nephew George Lut-

' See the illustration facing page 137. signed : — " By me John Luttrell,

* See the illustration facing page 120. Squyar. "

* D.C.M. XIX. 25. This deed is also

SEALS 23-27.

24

Sir Hugh Luttrell, K.B

d. 1521.

26.
Sir John Luttrell.
cl. 1551.

25.

Sir Andrew Luttrell.
d. 1538.

23-
Sir Hugh Luttrell, K.B.

d. 1521.

27.
Nicholas Luttrel
d. 1592.

APP. E. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 549

trell. ^ It is not certain whether the peacock in the curious
allegorical portrait of Sir John Luttrell is intended as an
allusion to the panache crest of the Luttrell family or as an
emblem of Juno. A picture in which his daughter, Lady
Copley, is represented in a heraldic mantle has been men-
tioned above. ^

Nicholas Luttrell of Honibere, a younger brother of Sir
John, bore on his signet (No. 27) a bird which somewhat
resembles a crow, but which was doubtless intended to
represent a martlet. ^ His descendants, the Luttrells of
Hartland, differenced the arms of the Luttrells of Dunster
by the addition of a crescent. According to the Heralds'
Visitation of Devonshire, they bore as a crest the Courtenay
badge granted to Sir Hugh Luttrell by the Earl of Devon,
a boar argent^ armed and crined or, charged on the shoulder
with a double rose of the second. ^

On a brass of the year 1566, which was once to be seen
in the church of Bryanston, in Dorset, there were engraved
the arms of Rogers impaled with those of Luttrell, charged
with a mullet for difference, recording the alliance between
Sir Richard Rogers of that place and Cecily daughter of Sir
Andrew Luttrell, of Dunster. ^

As has already been stated, Thomas Luttrell of Dunster,
and his son " old George Luttrell, " the rebuilder of the
Castle, used the signet of Sir John Luttrell (No. 26). The
latter of these two, however, found it convenient to have a
distinctive seal of his own, and reverted to the panac/ie crest,
which had not been used by his ancestors since the time of
the first Sir Hugh Luttrell. His seal (No. 28) shows a
plume of twelve feathers arranged in two rows rising out of
a crest-coronet. ^ The otter, however, still appears as the
crest over the coat of arms which George Luttrell set up in
the Hall at Dunster Castle in 1589. The shield there, sup-
ported by two swans collared and chained proper, is divided
quarterly i and 4 Luttrell, 2 and 3 quarterly, i and 2 guks
on a chevron or three cross-crosslets sah/e for Hadley,
2 and 3 or on a bend cotised sai?ie three bears' heads argent,

' D.C.M. * Diary of Richard Symonds (Cam-

* Page 164. den Society), p. 128.
^ D.C.M. XIV. 12. fi D.C.M. VII. 17.

* Harl. MS. 108, f. 156.

550 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. e.

bridled gules^ for Durborough. The motto baneath is : —
" QUiEsiTA MARTE TUENDA ARTE. " Thcsc arms appear again
on the pompous monument which George Luttrell set up in
Dunster Church in 1621, surmounted in this case by two
helmets carrying his crests, the panache and the otter. The
arms of George Luttrell with the panache crest occur at the
Luttrell Arms Hotel, at Dunster, and at the manor-house of
East Quantockshead. In a room on the first floor in the
former of these houses, the arms of Luttrell are impaled
with a chevron between three trefoils slipped, the reputed
arms of Silvestra Capps, the second wife of George Luttrell.

Thomas Luttrell, eldest son and successor of George,
used a seal of which the woodcut (No. 29) is to some extent
a conjectural restoration, the original impression of it being
very much defaced. ^ The arms of this Thomas Luttrell,
impaled with those of his wife Jane Popham, argent on a
chief ^«/^j, two bucks' heads cabossed or, with a crescent for
diffxsrence, may be seen on the monument in Dunster Church,
and at the old house at Marshwood. The arms of his
younger brother Hugh, impaled with those of his wife Jane
Lyte, gules a chevron between three swans argent, were set
up in the domestic chapel of the old manor-house of Lytes-
cary in 1631.

Honora Luttrell, the daughter-in-law of Thomas Luttrell,
used a small seal (No. 30) which had doubtless belonged to
her husband, George Luttrell. It bears the Luttrell arms
with an otter as crest.

Lucy Luttrell, the relict of Francis Luttrell, the next
owner of Dunster Castle, used a very similar seal (No. 31).

Francis Luttrell, of Dunster Castle, her son, also used a
similar seal (No. 32) rather larger in size. His arms, im-
paled with those of Tregonwell, argent three pellets in fesse
cotised sable between three Cornish choughs proper, are
introduced into the ornamental frieze of the parlour at
Dunster Castle, supported by chained swans and surmounted
by a plume of feathers. The Tregonwell crest is there
given on a separate medallion.

Colonel Alexander Luttrell, of Dunster Castle, used a
seal (No. 33) bearing the Luttrell arms differenced with a

' D.C.M. VII. 17.

SEALS 28-35.

30-
Honora Luttrell.

fl. 1652-1656.

31-
Lucy Luttrell.

d. 1718.

Col. Francis Luttrell.
tl. 1690.

28.

George Luttrell.

d. 1629.

29.

Thomas Luttrell.

d. 1644.

33-

Col. Alex. Luttrell.

d. I J II.

34.
Alexander Luttrell.

d. 1737.

35-
Alexander Luttrell.

d- 1737-

APP. E. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 551

crescent, as he had been for many years a younger son. The
crest resembling a fox is presumably an otter.

Alexander Luttrell, his eldest son and successor, some-
times used this seal, but had another (No. 34) engraved for
himself, on which his arms are impaled with those of
Trevelyan, gules a demi-horse argent^ hoofed and maned or,
issuing out of water in base proper. He had yet another
seal (No. 't^^)^ which shows the Luttrell arms supported by
chained swans, and surmounted by a well-shaped panache.
The motto is — ' qu^sita marte tuenda arte. '

Between the date of the death of this Alexander Luttrell
and that of her own re-marriage, Margaret his relict used a
seal very similar to his smaller seal (No. 34), but with the
arms on a lozenge instead of a shield.

Since the marriage of the heiress, Margaret Luttrell with
Henry Fownes in 1747, they and their descendants have
borne a quarterly shield — i and 4 Luttrell ; 2 and 3
Fownes : — Azure two eagles displayed, and in base a mullet
argent. The crest of the otter has been quietly abandoned,
and the fine panache crest has dwindled into a plume
of five stiff feathers issuing out of a coronet. The motto
' Quasita marte tuenda arte ' has become practically heredit-
ary, and the successive heads of the family have maintained
the claim — so rare among English commoners — of using
supporters. The swans of the noble Bohuns and Courtenays
are conspicuous on the porch of Dunster Castle.

APPENDIX F

The Priors of Dunster.

The following is the fullest list of the Benedictine Priors
of Dunster that has yet appeared. Such surnames as
Hampton, Bristow {i.e. Bristol), and Abyndon were not
patronymics, and merely indicated the birthplaces of the
monks to whom they were applied.

1257-1274.] Martin. ^

R. (Richard of Childeston .?) '

Walter. '

Robert of Sutton. *

Adam of Cheddar. ^

WiUiam Thouer. ^

Richard of Childeston.] ^

John Hervey. ^

William Bristow. ^

John Buryton. ^^

John Henton. ^^

William Cary. '^

Thomas Lacock. '^

Richard. '*

William Hampton. ^^

William Bristow. ^^

1301.]

1308.]

1332.

1337-

I355-]
.1357?
.1376.]

1411-1417.]

1423-]
1425.

I437-.

I443-.
1449

1463
[1470.J

' Cartulary of Mynchin Buckland ;
D.C.M. VIII. 2 ; XVII. I.

* Two Chartularics of Bath, L. 580.
See page 393 above.

* Two Chartularics, L. 560.

* Dugdale'sMo«as/«co;/,vol. ii. p. 259.

* Two ChartularieSy L. 780.

* Assize Roll, no. 772, m. 27.
' See page 393 above.

8 D.C.M. I. 4.'

9 D.C.M. XI. i; D.C.B. no. 71.
'"D.C.M. XII. I.

" D.C.B. no. 81 ; Weaver's Somerset
Incumbents, p. 361.
'2 D.C.M. xviii. 6.
'3 D.C.M. XII. 3.
" D.C.M. XII. 3.

'■■^ Brit. Museum Add!. MS. 25887.
'6 D.C.M. XII. 3-

APP. F. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER.

553

1489-1494.]
1498.
1504.
1 509. J

L1535

John Abyndon. ^
Thomas Browne.
Richard Pester. ^
Thomas. *
John Griffith. '

The Vicars and Curates of Dunster.

The following is the fullest list that has yet appeared ot
the priests who successively served the cure of Dunster.
It seems to be continuous from 1313 to 1528, but no Curates
were instituted by the Bishop between the dissolution of
the Priory and 1821. ^ For nearly three centuries, there-
fore, the parish registers and the churchwardens' accounts
are the main sources of information.

Richard the Chaplain,
[f. 1213.] Robert de Vaux.

13 13. Thomas Cote. He exchanged for

Timberscombe.
13 19. Ralph of Gloucester. He resigned.

1333. John of Cherbury.

^333- Richard of Keynsham.

Robert of Ichestoke. He resigned,
and was presented to Carhampton.
1362. Robert Drayton.

Robert Ryvers. He died Vicar.
1406. John Corbyn. He exchanged for

Little Wittenham.
1409. Roger Holford. He died Vicar.

1415. William Drayton. He exchanged for

Oare.
141 7. Thomas Prydle. He died Vicar.

' Weaver's Somerset Incumbetits,
p. 326.

^ See page 402 above.

' Somerset Medieval Wills, vol. ii.
p. 61.

* D.C.M. XIII. I.

' D.C.M. XIII. 4; Valor Ecclesiasticus,
vol. i. p. 220.
^ See pages 414, 418 above.

554

A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. app. f.

:4i8
421

434
[446

^447
451
476

485

494

^495

507

511
512

5H

515

528

S3S

582
592
598

600.
603-

639-
641-

661-
673-

704-

731-
741-

743-
746.

747
748
752

753

John Bacwell. He died Vicar.

Thomas Barry. He resigned.

Thomas Russell. He was deprived.

WiUiam Robbs.

John Sloo. He died Vicar.

William Russell. He died Vicar.

John Lucas. He resigned.

Richard Harris. He resigned, and
was presented to Carhampton.

Thomas Kyngsbury. He resigned.

William Bond. He resigned.

Richard Davys. He resigned.

William Rogers. He resigned.

Robert Williamson. He resigned.

John Fymores.

William Hooper. He resigned.

John Thomas.
-I 56 1.] John Rice. He was buried in Sep-
tember 1561.
,] William Hodgson.

.] James Listone.

Christopher Williams. He was bu-
ried in April 1600.

David Williams.

Thomas Smith. He was buried in
April 1638.

Robert Browne.

Robert Snelling.

Richard Savin.

John Graunt. He was buried in
February 1704.

William Kymer.

John Question.

Robert Norris.

Jeremiah Davies.

William Cox.

Richard Bawden.
-175 1.] James Gould.
.] Richard Bawden (again).

"'755-] J^nies Gould (again).

-1600.]

1638.]

1640.
1642.
1662.

1704.;

1729.
1738.
1743-
1745-

APP. F.

A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 555

1755-

1755-
1756-1758

1758-1759

I759-I773-J

1773

1821

1872
1886
1894
1898

John Smith.

Thomas Cooke.

Richard Bawden (again).

John Anthony.

William Camplin.

George Henry Leigh. He died in
August I 82 1.

Thonias Fownes Luttrell. He died
in December 1871.

Richard Utten Todd. He died in
June 1886.

Geoffrey Harrington Simeon. He
resigned.

Arthur Wynell Mayow. He re-
signed.

Frederick. Hancock.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 1 1 .

Yolenta daughter of William de Mohun the Third,
married Ralph son of William son of Durand de Mohun,
who may have been a distant cousin. ^ He was the
principal military tenant of the Honour of Dunster, and
he gave his name to Brompton Ralph. ^

Page 17.

Line 11, add : — Roger de Tony granted to William de
Mohun, in frank marriage with Juliana his * kinswoman ',
presumably his grand-daughter, an annuity of 10/. 13 J.
out of the manor of South Tawton in Devonshire. Their
issue continued for several generations. John de Mohun,
son and heir of John de Mohun, had property at South
Tauton in 1305, and a person of the same name was
Bailiff of that Hundred in the middle of the fourteenth
century. Furthermore, a certain John ' Mahoune ' died
in April 1393, seised of the annuity mentioned above, and
leaving an heir who was under age in 1397. ^

Page 33, last line.

Sir Nicholas Carew had acquired her marriage for his
son, in February 1295, from her aunt Isabel de Fienles,
who had in turn acquired it from the Queen-mother. *

Page 44.

Sir John de Mohun the Fifth and his wife made an
arrangement with the Abbot and Convent of the neigh-
bouring monastery of Cleeve, whereby the latter under-

' Mohun Cartulary; Bruton Cartu- i4ssoc/a/70n,vol. xxxiii. p.431; vol.xxxiv

lary, (S.R.S.) pp. 55, 60; B.M. Addl. pp. 610, 618 ; Inq. post mortem (Earl

Charter 11 160; Pipe Roll, no. 56. of Warwick), C. i. file 264.

* Assize Roll, no. 1262, m. 6d. * MS. 33. at Haccombe, co. Devon.

* Transactions of the Devonshire

ADD. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 557

took that certain masses should be said for them to the
end of time by one of their number, to be called
* Mohun's monk '. ^

^^^n^illustration of the remarkable position occupied by
Lady de Mohun during her husband's lifetime we may
notice a royal grant to her of a wardship while she was a
' feme covert. ' ^

^^^The following letter trom Sir Hugh Luttrell to Henry
the Fifth was written in 1420, four days after the marriage
of that prince to Catherine daughter of the French

'"^«" Wei excellent, and myghtyfull Prince, my redoubt-
abel and souverain Lord, I yowr meke and trewe lige
recommande me unto yowr heye and soveraine noblesce
as mekely as I can or may. Unto the whyche lyke
to wyte that wyth all lowlynesse I have yreceyved yowr
worshipfull lettres, the whiche of yowr benigne grace
ye have enclyned yow to sende unto me, not having
reward unto my simplenesse of my persone but to the
exaltation of yowr heye discretion, in also much as 1 am
unworthy therto ; be the which I have undurstonde
that the Creatour of all thyng of Hise heygh pourveance
hath used yow in herte to bryng yow unto the con-
clusion of perpetual pesbetux the two remes (realms) that
ever owt of mende of ony cronicles han ben in discention,
schewyng yow fortune to conclude and bring at an
ende that noo mankynde myght hyr bifore have
iwroght ; thankyng God wyth meke herte that He hath
isend unto me that grace to abyde that tyme for to
seye hyt, as for the gretist gladnesse and consolation
that ever come unto my herte, not dredyng in my selt
that He that hath send yow that grace in so schort a
tyme schal send yow moch more in tyme commyng.

" And as towchyng my simple persone yif yow lyke
to wyte, at the makyng of this lettre, I was desesed ot

. Mohun Cartulary. ^ Sir Henry Ellis ^^f;^'^\^^^

2 Calendar of Clolc Rolls, 1360-1364, to the year 1421. /Ongnal Letteis,
^-» Second Series, vol. 1. p. B4-)

SS^ A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. add.

my persone be the hond of owre Creatour, in so moch
that I may not exerce myn office as my will were, as
yowr trewe knyght Sir John Colville and Maister
Pierres your phisicien ^ schall enfourme yow more
playnely than I may write unto yow at this tyme ;
wheruppon I have isend yowr men that were in my
company unto my Lord of Salsbery, for to do yow
service ther, as most neth ys as this tyme, for in this
sith in the bailliage of Caux, ne in the march of Picard,
blessed be God, ther ys no steryng of none evyl doers,
saf byonde the rivere of Sayne toward the Basse
Normandy of certaine brigaunts. And whan God of
His grace fowchsaf to bryng me owt of Hise prison,
I schal gouverne me in the excercise of myn office
at yowr worship, and as I am ihold for to doo.

" And as towchyng my worshipfull lord the Duke
of Bedford, yowr brother, atte hyse arrivayl I rood
agayn hym to the Kyef de Caux, and told hym the
poverte of this countre. Wheruppon he gouverned
hym and all yowr men in hise company in swych
maner that all thyse countre blesseth hym and hyse
meyny (retinue) in swych wyse that I have ihad noo
complainte of ham eftir hyse partyng. Wherfore be
my simple discretion he ys thankworthy, the which I
remete unto yowr hygh discretion.

" More can not I say at this tyme, but I pray unto
God of Hys grace encresce yow in worship, prosperite,
and perfit joye, and send yow good lif and long lastyng.
Iwrite at yowr town of Harefleu the vj*^ day of
June,

Yowr meke lyge
Hugh Luttrell. "

" A treshault et tresexcellent Prince nostre tresedoubte
et tressouverain seignur le Roy de France et d'Engle-
terre ".

Page 105.

In line 8, for ' mendding ' reat:^ * mending '.

' Piers de Alcobasse.

ADD. A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. 559

^^^In an inventory of the pictures belonging to Lord
Lumley in 1590, there is mention of portraits

"Of Sir John Lutterel, who died of the sweat in King

Edward 6th's time ".

« Of Mr. Thomas Wyndeham, drowned in the sea returneinge

from Ginney '*. '

These are presumably the pictures now at Badmondis-
field Hall and Longford Castle. The inventory describes
several portraits as painted by Hans Eworth, an artist
from Antwerp, who may have used the monogram ' LE ',
and may have executed many of the works hitherto at-
tributed to Lucas d'Heere, including both the portraits
of Sir John Luttrell. As he was resident at Southwark
in 1552, ' the dates agree well enough.

Page 269.

In line 7, /or Carhampton read Withycombe.

Page 271.

In line 6,/or' 1872' r^^^*i87i .
The date under the portrait of John Fownes Luttrell,
opposite, should be * 1782 ', as in the text.

Page 275.

Mr. Hugh Courtenay Fownes Luttrell has a son,

William, born in December 1908.

Mr. Claude Mohun Fownes Luttrell is a Director
of Stuckey's Banking Company, Limited.

Paffe "^ '^ •

In line 9 of the footnote, for ' Richard ', rea^i * R '.

Page 424.

After line 22 add:— It is, however, possible that,
in the fifteenth century, there were at least two screens
under the central tower of Dunster Church, that is to say
a rood-screen between the two western piers and a choir-
screen between the two eastern piers. The screen now
in the south transept may consequently represent the

1 Milner & Benham, Records of the ' Return of Aliens (Huguenot Socie-

Lumleys, r- 33i- ^y^' ''°^- *• "'• ^^5-

560 A HISTORY OF DUNSTER. add.

latter. At the time of its removal to its present position,
it was reduced in height, and the cornice was freely
altered.

Page 425.

In the last line, /or Margery read Margaret.

Page 480.

In line 32, add : — Thomas Mohun and Isabel his
wife, who was almost certainly a daughter of Richard
and Margaret Eyr, were living in 1398 and 141 8. They
had a son William. ^ The names Isabel and Elizabeth
were synonymous.

Page 497.

William de Mohun of Carhampton is described, in
131 1, as son of Sir William de Mohun. ^

John Mohun and Joan his wife had episcopal licence
for an oratory at Puslinch in 1405. '

Reynold Mohun, Rector of Alphington in Devonshire
died in 1398. *

Page 509.

In the last line but one of the text, /or ' Geoffrey ' read
' Godfrey. '

Page 543.

Add : — There is a heraldic seal of Sir John Luttrell or
Chilton attached to a deed (no. 202) of the year 1340 in
the possession of the Mayor and Corporation of Exeter.

' Stafford's Register (ed. Hingeston * D.C.M. xvii. i.

Randolph), pp. 274, 277, Ancient Deeds ' Stafford's Register, p. 273.

(P.R.O.), A. 10546. " Ibid. p. 141.

GENERAL INDEX.

All places not otherwise described are in Somerset.

Some cadets of the families of Mohun and Luttrell mentioned only in the

Appendixes are indexed collectively under their respective Christian names.

Abbot, Prudence daughter of William,

514-

William and Agnes, 496.
Aberdour (Scotland), 142, 145.
Abraham, Dr. 335.
Accorso, Francesco d', 36.
Acland, Sir Thomas, 236, 251, 442.

Sir Thomas Dyke, 273, 274, 442.
Adam of Cheddar, Prior of Dunster,

Chamberlain of Bath, 392.
Adam the dyer, 297.
Adams, Mr. 247.
Adbeer, 497.
Addis, Anne, 494.
Adelard the Steward, 384.
Admiralty, Board of, 528.

Court of, 132.
^Ifric (Aluric), 276, 434.
Affeton (Devon). Sec Buck.
Africa, 528.

Agincourt, battle of, 52.
Aguylon, Joan wife of Robert, 499.

Robert, 32.
Alcobasse, Piers de, physician, 558.
Alcombe, manor and tithing, 31, 230,
276, 339, 346, 383, 384, 386, 409,
410, 421.

Chapels of St. Michael, 347. 373.

456, 457-
courts, 456, 457.
Cross, 254, 257, 258, 346, 347.
free, conventionary, and customary

tenants, 456.
tithes, 412.

Wyneard and Pytte in, 456.
Aldenham (Hertford), the Mohuns of,

495. 503-
Aldridge, the Rev. Geoffrey de Y. and

Florence Louisa, 538.
Aldercombe (Cornwall). See Orchard.
Ale, 81, 97, 112-114, 117, 187, 278,

283, 303, 310.

Ale-wives, 303.

Alexander, Mr. of Taunton, 226.

Alfoxton, 73.

Algar, 455.

Algar (Algore) in Dunster, 410.

AUce the webber, 297.

Aller, Rector of, 97.

Aller in Carhampton, 274, 347.

Alliremore, 96.

Almain, King of. See Richard.

Alnwick (Northumberland), 43.

Altaribus, Odo de, 384.

Aluric. See ^Ifric.

Amadas, Agnes daughter of William,

495. 496.
Ancona (Italy), 382.
Angers (France),Priory of St.Nicholas,

78.
Anglesey, Arthur Earl of, 488.
Angus, Earl of, 151.
Anne, Queen, 215.
Anne, Queen of Richard II, 54, 57.
Annesley, Philippa, 488.
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury,

384, 385-
Antony and Cleopatra, the story of,

374, 375-
Antwerp (Belgium), 163, 559.
Archery, 115, I39, 3o8.
Arflue. Sec Harfleur.
Argyll, Earl of, 151, 154.
Arismendi, General, 529.
Arlington (Devon), 466. Sec also

Chichester ; Poyntz.
Arms and armour, 81, 145, 206, 357.
Arms, the College of, 516, 523, 544.
Arnold, Richard, 89-93.

William, architect, 366, 367.
Arques (Normandy), 59.
Arundel (Sussex), 349, 419.
Arundel, Richard, Earl of, 50.
Arundel, Sir Thomas, and Bridget, of
Tolverne, 483.

Jane, of Exford, 533.

562

INDEX

Arundel, contci.

the Rev. Nathaniel, 533.

Roger, 281, 282.

Thomas and Elizabeth, of Chide-
ock, 177.
Arundell of Wardour, Lord, 510.

Maria Christina, Lady, 510.
Arworthal (Cornwall), 478.
Ashe, Edward and Frances, 216.
Ashton. Sec Chudleigh.
Assize of ale, 304.
Assize, the ' bloody ', 205.
Aston, Cordelia relict of Sir Roger,

486.
Astyng, William, of La Bergsche, 435.
Athelney, Abbot and Convent of, 133.
Athol, Earl of, 154.
Atkin, Thomas and Elizabeth, 517.
Audit of Public Accounts, Commis-
sioners for, 273.
Audley, Lord, 114, 127.

Sir Humphrej', 127, 169.

Sir James, 46, 436, 446-449.

James, son of Sir Nicholas, 446.

Joan, wife of Sir Nicholas, 446.

Philippa, 169.

arms of, 363, 547, 548.
Augmentations, Court of, 411, 421.
Aule. See Avill.

Australia, Luttrell family in, 528, 529.
Avalgor, Alan de, 16.
Avele. See Avill.
Avelham in Dunster, 9, 160, 318, 344,

384, 385-

Corner, 342.
Avill, 274, 276, 341, 384, 391, 434, 435,
440.

Chapel of St. Mary Magdalene,
347, 440.

courts, 435, 437, 439, 442.

fishing-weir, 436.

Manor, 321, 436-442.

Manor-house, 347, 440.

Mills, 327, 435, 441, 442.

reeve of, 437, 438.

tithes of, 412.

Vale of, 352, 382.
Avill, Agnes of, 434.

Geoffrey of, 283, 435.

Henry of, 434.

Hugh of, 279, 435.

Richard of, 282, 435.

William of, 435.
Avory, Joan relict of William, 520.
Awcombe Mead. Sec Alcombe.
Axminster (Devon), 17,21, 26,437,501.
Aylerd, Richard, 279.
Ayreminne, William, Bishop of Nor-
wich, 44.
Ayres, Marshall and Elizabeth, 520,
521.

B

Bacon, 102.

Bacwell, John, 83, 87, 95, 107, 356.
Badgvvorth, 444, 537.
Badmondisfield Hall (Suffolk), por-
trait at 157, 158, 559.
Bagborough, East, 64.
Bagg, Sir James, 485, 486.
Baker, Giles, 178.

Henry, 96.

Richard, 399.

Sarah daughter of Daniel, 524.
Bampiield, Sir Amias, 530.

Anne daughter of Richard, 530.

Peter and Agnes, 74.
Bampton (Devon), 17. See also Court-

enay.
Bancks, Sir Jacob, 217, 218, 220, 244,

245, 372.

Lady. See Luttrell, Mary wife of
Francis.
Barlborough Hall (Derby), 380.
Barlbienshay. See Parlbienshay.
Barlinch Priory, 20, 74.
Barnfather, Mr. 253.
Barnstaple (Devon), 6, 182, 187, 192,

512. Sec also Downe ; Gregory.
Barons' War, 23.
Barrington. See Daubeny.
Barrow, Edward and Honor, 141.
Basqueville, Baskerville, family, 2.
Basset, Isabel relict of Sir Gilbert, 32,
Bastard, William and Isabel, 61-63.
Baston, Mr. 254, 258.
Basyng, Edward, 438.
Batelyn, John, 398.
Bateman, Richard, 380, 381.
Bath, 94, 374, 392, 535.

Abbey Church, 260, 383, 533.

Archdeacon of. Sec Moysey.

monks of, 5, 10, 30, 324, 384-387,
389, 391, 392, 399, 400, 402, 403,
414,443, 455,457-

Prior of, 400, 409. See also Sutton.

Richard, Prior of, 387.

the Three Tuns at, 222.
' Bath ', a silver-gilt cup called, 94.
Bath and Wells, Bishop of, 40, ill,
116, 478. Sec also Castello ;
Hooper ; Stafford.
Bath, Knights of the, "jTi^i I3I-
Bathealton Court, portraits at, 223,

227, 229, 536.
Baunton (Devon). See Bampton.
Baunton (Dorset), 473, 474.
Beardon (Devon). Sec Loveys.
Bearsley, Mary daughter of John, 524.
Beaufoy, Henry, 262, 263.
Beauchamp, Robert and Alice, 32.
Beaucoudrai (Normandy), 12, 13.

INDEX

563

Beaulieu (Hants), Abbot and monks

of, 21.
Beaumont, Cattierine daughter of Su"

John, 104.
Philip. Constable of Dunster Castle,

125.

Thomas, 108, 109, 358.

Lady, 105.

arms of, 363, 547, 548.
Bedewyn, William, 305.
Bedford, Duke of, 558.

Earl of, 180, 181.
' Bedrolle ', the, in church, 403, 405.
Beer near Cannington. Sec Bowyer.
Beer. See Ale.
Beggarnhuish manor, 216.
Belesby, Havvis relict of Sir Thomas,

509.
Thomas, 510.
Belfast, Lord, 519.
Bellamy, John and Frances, 513.
Bellot, Francis and Anne, 483.
Bellringers, 187, 194, 205.
Bemont. See Beaumont.
Benehangre, loi.
Berengaria, Queen, 60.
Bergshe, la, in Avill manor, 435.
Berkeley, Edward, 201.
Dame Cecily, 74.
Sir William, 35.
Bermondsey (Surrey), 77.
Bescaby (Leicester), 508.
Bethell, Richard Augustus (Lord

Westbury) and Florence, 538.
Betrothal, 172.
Bible bought, 422.
Biccombe, Richard. 319.
Bickleigh. See Carevv.
Bicknell, J.C. and Harriet Maria Hun-

gerford, 530.
Bicknoller, 11, 384.
Bideford (Devon), 188.
Bien, John, 103.
Bigot family, 2.

Billeswick, near Bristol, 63, 65, 70.
Bingham, Captain, 491.
Binham, in Old Cleeve, 274.
Birch Parva (Essex), Rector of, 106.
Bircheham in Dunster, 366, 410.
Bircombe, chapel of the Holy Trinity,

81, 82.
Birkhead, John Derbyshire and

Sibella, 495.
Bisham Abbey (Berks), 51.
Blackford near Minehead, 330.
Blackford, Henrietta, 442.

William, 442.
Blake, Abigail, 527.
Joan, 453-

John and Mary, 453.
Nicholas, 464.

Col. Richard, 188, 190-195.
Blakwell at East Quantockshead, 136.
Blancombe (Devon), 124.
Blandford (Dorset), 93. See also Pitt.
Blaunche, John, 344.
Blenheim Palace (Oxford), 375.
Bligh, Commodore, 528.
Blodhall (Suffolk), 128.
Blommart, John and Fanny Harriet,

538-
Blond, Richard le. Bishop of Exeter,

26.
Richard le, 384.
Robert le, 383.
Bloundeshelfe, John and Joan, 289.
Bloyou, Henry, Rector of Cornwood,

478.
Blue Anchor, 235, 236, 238.
Boby, Sir Hugh, 66.
Boconnoc (Cornwall), 227, 482, 484,

485. 494-
Church, 484, 485.
portraits at, 485, 487.
See also Courtenay.
Bodennek (Cornwall), 478, 479-
Bodmin, 485. See also Opy.
Bohun family, i.

Humphrey de. Earl of Hereford,

and Elizabeth his wife, 76.
Humphrey de. Earl of Essex, 29.
Margaret daughter of Humphrey

de. Earl of Hereford, 76.
family, heraldic bearings of, 543,

545. 551-
Boit, Charles, painter, 223.
Bokelly (Cornwall). See Cavell.
Boleyn, Anne, Queen, 137.
Bologna (Italy), 36.
Bond, William, Vicar of Dunster, 402.
Bonfires, 306.
Boniface VHL Pope, 445.

IX. „ 450.

Bonnechose, a Jew of Oxford, 60.

Bonvyle, Sir William, 116.

Books, 105, 179.

Boone, Daniel, 237-242.

Boon-works, 320.

Boothby Pagnell (Lincoln), 62.

Bordeaux (Gascony), 89, 294.

Archbishop of, 60.

Mayor of. See Luttrell, Sir Hugh.
Boroughbridge, battle of, 39, 501.
' Boroughright ', 288-290.
Bosanquet, Henry Anstis and Mary

Anne, 270.
Boscobel (Salop), 370.
Bossiney (Cornwall), 522.
Bossington, in Porlock, 442.
Bosworth, battle of, 129.
Bothenhampton (Dorset), 473, 474.
Bouchell, W. 114.

564

INDEX

Boucher, Andrew, 253.
Boulogne (France), 142.
Boulond, William, free-stone mason,

359-
Bourchier, Sir William, 123.
Bourton, Maud of, 46, 47, 49.
Bovver, Edwai'd, portrait by, 382.
Bowes, Hon. Thomas, 268.
Bowman, John, 357.
Bowyer, Edmund, 206.

Edmund and Sarah, 178.
Boy-bishop, the, 83.
Bracegirdle, Mrs. actress, 490.
Bradeuude. Sec Broadwood.
Bradley, Frances daughter of Samuel,

261.
Bradshaw, John, 197, 198.
Bradworthy (Devon), 17, 36, 41, 48, 52.
Bratton in Minehead, 258, 434, 460.
Bratton, Joan relict of John, 460.

John of, 47.

Nicholas, 456, 460.

Robert of, 281, 282.

Thomas, 115, 116, 120.
Braunton (Devon), 519-521, 525.
Brebrooke, Mr. schoolmaster, 172.
Brember (Hants). See Welles.
Bremhill church (Wilts), 526.
Bret, John le, 47.

Sir William le, 279.
Bretasch, Sir John de, 279, 280.
Brethren Cross in Carhampton, 348.
Breton prisoners at Dunster, 88.
Brewers, 303.
Brewham, 4, 8, 10.
Brice, Joan, 513.
Briddicot in Carhampton, 272.
Bridgeford (Nottingham), 59, 65.

Rector of. See Luttrell, Andrew.
Bridgewater, 70, 83, 84, 97, 102, 107,
183, 187, 195, 241, 294, 313, 356,
474, 512, 529, 535.

cloth, 300.

Hospital at, 20, 97.

Friars Minors of, 107, 139.

the Swaji at, 222.
Bridlington Priory (York), 8.
Brinkley (Cambridge), lo, 12, 15, 17,

469-471.
Bristol, 87, 96, 186, 187, 222, 358,436,
487, 521.

Castle, Constable of, 87.

Channel, 12, 125, 229.

Sec also Cheddar.
Brit, William, loi.
Brittany (F^rance), 62, 88.
Briwere, Alice, 17, 18, 32.

Sir William, 17, 18, 20.

arms of, 29.
Broadrepp, Robert and Elizabeth,
476.

Broadwood in Carhampton, 318, 383-

385, 434-
Brocklesby, Dr. Richard, 245.
Brompton, parsonage of, 34.
Brompton Ralph, 4, 556.
Brook, Sir Thomas and Joan, 437.
Broomfield, 383-385.
Broughty Craig (Scotland), 146, 147,

151. 152, 154, 155, 158.
Browne, Dan Thomas, Prior of Duns-
ter, 402.
Bruggewater. See Bridgewater.
Brunfeld. See Broomfield.
Bruton, 51, 113.

Church, 470, 501.

Priory, 8-13, 16, 20, 30, 42, 46, 54,
113, 114,470, 501.

Sacristan of, 113.
Bryanston (Dorset), 549. See also

Rogers.
Brymore, 70, 202.
Brympton. Sec S^'denham.
Brytasch. See Bretash.
Buck, Samuel, engraver, 373.

Lewis William, 518.
' Buck-feasts ', 252.
Buckhorns, a present of, iir.
Buckingham, Edward, Duke of, 131

George, Duke of, 485, 486.

Humphrey, Duke of, 118, 119.
Buckler, J.C. architect, 430-432.
Buckland (Devon), Abbot of, 478.
Buckland Filleigh (Devon), 200. Sec

also Fortescue.
Buckland Monachorum (Devon), 202.
Buckland Toutsaints (Devon), See

Southcote.
Bukkehorn, Nicholas, 287.
Bulkeley, Lord, 219.
Bullebek, Bolebec, family, 2.
Bulsham, Robert and Agnes, 74.
Burford (Oxford), 222.
Burgage tenure, 285-290.
Burgh, Hubert de, 14, 15.

John, 357, 361.

Simon atte, 435.
Burghersh, Sir Bartholomew of, 42.

44, 48, 49-
Henry of. Bishop of Lincoln, 43, 44.
Joan daughter of Sir Bartholomew,
44. See also Mohun, Joan wife of
Sir John the fifth.
Sir John of, 49.
William, 57.
arms of, 55, 501.
Burgundy Chapel near Minehead, 81.
Burgundy, Duke of, 79.
Burland, Joan daughter of Thomas,

417-
Burnt Island (Scotland), 146.
Burridge, Captn. 192, 193.

INDEX

565

Burroughs, Cassius, 486.
Buryton, Dan John, 100.
Busby, Dr. Richard, 532, 533-
Buscy, Robert de, 63.
Byrcombe. See Bircombe.
Byron, Sir John, 67.
Bythemore, the heirs of, 450.

Cadenham (Wilts). See Hungerford.
Cadleigh (Devon), 17, 36, 4»-
Cadman aUas Gierke, William and

Alice, 399-
Calais (France), 7^. 79- ^
Caldecot (Cambridge), 51b.

Call-skins, 304- , ^ „, ,^„

Calinw Weston (Dorset). Sec Weston.
Calne (Wilts). See Hungerford.
Calec. See Calais.

Cambridge (Cambridge), 173, 391. 5i»-
Caius College, 172.
Emanuel College, 5i7-
King's College, 531-
Pembroke College, 534-
St. John's College, 522.
Cambridge, Earl of. See Meschme.
Camden, William, antiquary, 23, 284.
Camel, East and West, 497.
Camelford (Cornwall). See Martin.
Campbell, James and Theophila, ^^,7.
Camplin, the Rev. James, 258.
Candles, 102, 113.
Canterbury (Kent), 54, S^, 5oi, 543-
Cathedral church, 55^5^-
Master Omer's House, 57.
Priors of Christ Church, 57, 84.
Archbishops of, 57, 60, 76, 77, 524-
See also Anselm ; Courtenay ;
Sheldon ; Stafford ; Theobald.
Prerogative Court, 216, 478, 523.

Cantok, 98. , , u ^

Cantokeshede. See Quantockshead.
Capel, Margaret daughter of bir Ar-
thur, 441.
Capons, 323, 45«, 4^0.
Capps, Silvestra daughter of James,

178, 323, 550-
arms of, 178, 550- , ,

Carden, William and Dorothy, 490.
Cardinal of St. Angelo, the, 167.
Cards, playing, 308, 4*^9-
Caremore, in Carhampton, 20, 3H

3i5, 3«7, 415-
Carent, William, no.

Sir William and Elizabeth, 133.
Carenlun. See Carhampton.
Carew, Sir Henry and Dorothy, 484.
John and Eleanor, 33, 500, 55»-
John and Margaret, 39.

Sir Nicholas, 556.

Thomas, of Crowcombe, 230, 232,

234-236.
arms of, 500.
Carhampton, 14, 48, 57, 83, 108, no,

128, 170, 272, 296, 319, 329, 341,

342, 345, 3«3, 387, 388, 413, 434,

436, 442, 456, 458, 460, 463, 404,

467, 531-533, 553, 554-
advowson, rectory and tithes, 209,

384, 385, 388, 409-
Church of St. Carantoc, 390.
Church of St. John the Baptist, 347,

348, 390, 391, 425, 461-
Hundred of, 4, 42, 49-53, 77, 84,

119, 124, 170, 202, 296, 297, 321,

348, 388, 441- ^ ,

Hundred Court of, 437, 45o, 402.
Manor, called also Carhampton
Barton (long combined with that
of Dunster), 4, 18, 36, 47, 49, 52,
53, 77, 84, 116, 118, 119, 124, 100,
166, 202, 291, 315-318, 320, 321,
325-327, 345, 437, 458.
Mill, II.

parish bounds of, 347, 348-
St. Bartholomew's Chapel, 348.
Places in the manor or the parish.
See Aller; Brethren Cross; Brid-
dicot ; Broadwood ; Caremore ;
Chapelwaterlete ; Chapman's
House; Chesell; Chisel waterlete;
Colstone's Cross ; Eastbury ;
Emmys Cross ; Fairoak ; Fore-
marsh ; Gillcotts ; Giltchapel ;
Hadley's House ; Holly Hill ,
Holway House ; Kingsallers ;
Kitswall ; Langcombe ; Loty's
Marsh; Loxhole; Marsh; Marsh-
waterlete ; Marshwood ; Old
Court ; Owl Knowle ; Popper's
Cross ; Prestelonde ; Rodhuish ;
Roger's House ; Saltern Lane ;
Shilves ; Skibbercliff ; Waterlete.
Sheriff's turn at, 348-
Tithing-man of, 313.
Vicar of, 553- See also Luttrell,

Thomas Fownes.
Warren at, 343.
Carhampton, Little, 124.

South, 348. . r^ , f

Carhampton, Viscount and Earl 01,

1539, 540.
Carisbrooke Castle (Isle of Wight), 52.
Carlaverock Castle (Scotland), 500.
Carmelite friar, a, 105.
Carolina, South (America), 526.
Carpenter, Edward and Anne, 453.
' Carriage-works ' due to Dunster

Castle, 321,437-
Carter, Thomas, 284.

S66

INDEX

Cary, Hugh, io8, 109.

Caslett, — , 266.

Castello, Hadrian de, Cardinal,

Bishop of Bath & Wells, 405.
Castro, Bartholomew de, 478.
Catherine of Arragon, Princess, 131.
Caux (Normandy), 558.
Cave, Lewis and Jane, 531.
Cave-Brown, Catherine daughter of

John, 260.
Cavell, Joan and Nicholas, 480.
Cavendish, Lord, 489.
Caxton, Philip, 58.
Celsui, Walter de, 383.
Chaldecot, Elizabeth daughter of

Francis, 475.
Chaldewell in Cutcombe manor, 391.
Chaldon, East (Dorset), 473.
Chamberlayne, Elizabeth daughter

of Richard, 417.
Chancery, Court of, 141, 203, 366,

461, 519.
Chantmerel (Dorset). See Cheverell.
Chapelwaterlete in Carhampton, 317,

318.
Chapman's house in Carhampton,

348.
Chappell, constable of Minehead, 257.
Chard, 171, 192.

Charles the Fifth, Emperor, 138.
Charles, John and Agnes, 496.
Charlinch. See Malet.
Charlton Makerel, 531.
Charlton Musgrave. See Arnold.
Charter, the Great, 60.
Charterhouse Hinton. See Moyscy.
Chauvent, Peter de, 32.
Chaworth, Sir Thomas, 509.
Cheddar, Isabel daughter of Thomas,

438.

Isabel relict of Thomas, 438.

Joan daughter of Thomas, 438.

Richard, 437.

Robert and Joan, 436, 437.

Thomas, 437, 438.

William, 436.
Cheddar. See Adam.
Cheddington (Dorset), 531,
Cheffynge, 287.
Cheltenham (Gloucester), 275.
Chesell, the, in Carhampton, 348.
Cheshunt (Hertford), 380.
Chester (Chester), 529.
Chester's house in Carhampton, 348.
Cheverell, Joan daughter of Chris-
topher, 513.
Chichester, John Langton, Bishop of.

Chancellor, 508.
Chichester, Arthur, Lord Belfast, 519.

Joan daughter of Richard, 460.

Margaret daughter of Amias, 463.

Richard, 460.

Chideock (Dorset). Sec Arundel.

Chilcompton, 441.

Childeston, Richard of. Prior of
Dunster, 393, 396.

Child Okeford (Dorset), 472.

Chiltern Hundreds, the, 262.

Chilton Luttrell in Thorverton (De-
von), 66, 75, 76, 78, 124, 142, 560.

Chipera, Robert, 277.

Chipping Sodbury (Gloucester), 222.

Chiselwaterlete in Carhampton, 317.

Cholwick, Mr. 236.

Cholwill, Wilmot daughter of Nicho-
las, 516.

Christina the webber, 297.

Chudleigh (Devon). See Clifford.

Chudleigh, Dorothy daughter of John,
484.

Church-ales, 180.

Church ornaments, 94, 130, 139.

Churchill, Anne daughter of John,

473, 474-
arms of, 502.
Churching of a woman, 99.
Churston Ferrers (Devon) See Yard.
Cirencester (Gloucester), the Lamb

Inn, 222.
Cistercian monks. See Beaulieu ;

Cleeve ; Dunkeswell ; London ;

Newenham.
Civil War, the, 180-183, 186-195,475,

487,519-

Civita Vecchia (Italy), 382.

Clanbrasill, Lord, 242.

Clanville in Minehead. See Bosan-
quet.

Clarence, George, Duke of, 125, 126.
Richard his son, 127.

Clarke, Richard Hall, 453, 454.

Clavering family, 40.

Cleeve Abbey, Abbot and Convent of,
17, 20, 36, 274, 286, 291, 296, 298,
300, 309, 335, 336, 433, 556.

Cleeve, Chapel of St. Mary, 105, 274,
296.

Cleeve, Old, 274, 302, 463. See also
Binham ; Cave ; Leigh ; Touker.

Clerk-ales, 180.

Gierke. See Cadman.

Clerkelome in Dunster, 410.

Clevedon, 512.

Clevedon, Matthew of, 48.

Clevland, John, 527.

Clifford of Chudleigh, Lord, 510.

Clifton, John. 82.
Reynold of, 14.

Clifton Maubank (Dorset). See Hor-
sey.

Clinton, William de, 32.

Clonfert, Bishop of, 240.

INDEX.

567

Clopton, Philip, 88.

Cloth, 115, 116,207-209,331.

Cloth industry at Dunster, 297-302,

336-
Clothes, prices of, 99 10^, 115. ii7.

139, 206-213, 532.
Cloutesham, Richard of, 279, 280.

William, 114.
Clovelly (Devon), 522.
Coal, 358 359.
Coap, Mr. 212.
Cobham, Lord, 76.

Ladv iVIargaret, 77.
Cobb made in a highway, 330.
Cox, Simon, 277.

Cockermouth (Cumberland), 237, 242.
Cockes, John, 441.
Cockeslop, Joan, 287.
Codford, 391.

Codogan, Kodogan, Thomas, 400, 401.
Codrington, Anne daughter of John,
520.
Sir William, 230.
Coffin, Robert, 430.
Cogston, Cogstane, Ralph of, 408.

Robert of, 277.
Coins discovered at Owl Knowle, 170,

171.
Cok, John, 299.
Richard, 48.
Coker, Robert and Margaret, 117,

118.
Cole, Peter and Grace, 517.
Coleborrow in Dunster, 283, 467.
CoUard, Frances daughter of Thomas,

512.
Colle, — 300. 301-
CoUes, Humphrey, 411, 413-
CoUinson, John, 70, 430.
Colstone's Cross in Carhampton, 347,
Columbers family, 2.

Philip and Eleanor, 446.
Columbia (America), 529.
Colville, Sir John, 558.
Colyngborne, Robert, 109.
Colyton (Devon). Sec Weston.
Combe, 391.

Combe Deverell (Dorset), 472.
Combe Florey. See Francis ; Perr-

ing.
Combe Martin (Devon). Sec Gregory.
Combys Ynche (Scotland). See Inch-

colm.
Common Pleas, Court of, 19, 84, 447.
Commons, House of, 84, 85, 241.
Compton, Long (Warwick), 37, 52.
Coneys, 279, 280, 343, 344.
Conigar in Dunster, 228, 279, 280,

312, 329, 339, 378, 410.
Conquest family, 510.
Constantine (Cornwall), 483.

Convent, nuns and pupils carried

away from, 146.
Coode, Anne daughter of Richard,

481.
Cook, Thomas and Catherine, 326.
Cooke, — , upholsterer at Bath, 374.
Cooper, — , jeweller, 228.

Sarah daughter of Thomas, 476.
Coote, Captn. Richard, 492.
Copleston, Cobleston, John, 82.

Thomas, 116.
Copley, Sir Thomas and Catherine,
162-165.
arms of, 164, 549.
Corbet, John, 102.
Corn, exportation of, 312.
Cornish Rebellion in 1497, the, 461.
Cornu, William, iii.
Cornwall, 248, 358, 487.
Cornwall, Edward, Duke of, 75.

Richard, Earl of, 21.
Cornwall, Sir John and Elizabeth, 450.
Cornwood (Devon), Rector of, 478.
Corston (Wilts). See Churchill.
Corsham (Wilts). See Bellot.
Cotehele (Cornwall), carpet at, 141,

547, 548
Cotes, John and Margaret, 81, 106.
Cotford, 202.
Cothelston, 124.
Cotton, Mary daughter of Edward,

516.
Couke, Robert and Thomas, iii.
Coule, William, 343.
Couleman, 287.
Council, the, 85, 86, 145, I55, i95-

198, 201.
Count Palatine, 25.
Countesbury. Sec Foreland.
Courcy, Richard de, 63.
William de, 16, 63.
family, 2.
Courtenay, Edward, Earl of Devon,
479, 481, 544.
Lady Elizabeth, 76. Seealso Luttrell.
Lady Elizabeth, ill.
Elizabeth daughter of Sir Philip,

120, 169.
Henry, Earl of Devon, 439.
Hugh, Earl of Devon, 76, 549.
Sir Hugh, son of Edward, Earl of

Devon, loi.
Sir Hugh, of Hampton, loi.
Isabel daughter of Sir Hugh, of

Boconnoc, 480.
Humphrey and Jane, of MoUand,

483-
John, 126.

Margaret, Countess of Devon, 95.
Peter, Bishop of Winchester, 126,

131-

S68

INDEX

Courtenay, contd.

Sir Philip, of Powderham, ii8, 120,

126.
Thomas, Earl of Devon, 123.
Sir William, 126.
William.Archbishop of Canterbury,

95-
family and heraldic bearings, 76,

94, 4«6, 543-546, 549, 551-
' Courtenay ', a silver-gilt cup called,

94-
Coventry (Warwick), 80.
Coward, William and Lawrence, 206.

William, 489.
Cowbridge in Cutcombe manor, now
in Timberscombe, 391, 392, 456.
Cowper, Earl, 275.
Cox, Richard, 253-255, 258, 259.
Crang, Mr., 258.
Cras, Philip, 304.

William, butcher, 400.
Cratelach in Thomond (Ireland), 61.
Cregy, battle of, 44.
Crediton (Devon), 188.
Creed (Cornwall). Sec Trencreke.
Creed, Mary daughter of John, 518.
Crewkerne, 131, 191.
Cromwell, Thomas, Lord, 137, 139,
141.

Oliver, portrait of, 200.
Cross, Gilbert atte, 458.
Crowcombe, 3 19,442. See also Carew.
Crowdon, Hugh of, 343.
Croxton (Leicester), 61, 508.
Croydon Hill in Dunster, 278, 281,

307, 361, 392, 467-
Croyland Abbey (Lincoln), 497.
Crusade, 17, 67.
Culverhay and Culvercliff in Dunster,

298, 300.
Culveton. See Kilton.
Cumberland, Anne, Duchess of, 261,

539, 540-
Currypool in Charlinch. See Malet.
Curzon, Mary daughter ol A. Viscount,

417.
Cusack, George and Catherine, 487.
Cutcombe, 4, 12, 36, 41, 48, 52, 385,

391, 409-
Church, 10.
Hundred, 4.

See also Cowbridge ; Oaktrow.
Cuttiff, Mr., 258.

D

Daccomb, Meliora, 473.

Dahl, Michael, portrait by, 222.

Dances, 82.

Dartmouth (Devon), 487.

Daubeny, Giles, Lord, 131, 364.
Alice relict of William, 132.

Daunay, Sir John and Lady, 478, 479.

Dauntsey, Sarah daughter of Am-
brose, 417.

Davis, William, 267.

Death, the Black, 62.

Debenham (Suffolk), 77, 106, 128.

Deer, 343-346-

Delbridge, John, 330.

Denays, Thomas, parson of Selwor-
thy, 343-

Dene, le, Deneclose, in Dunster, 346,
410.

Deneys, Henry and Elizabeth, 478,

479-
Denison, John, 268.
Dennis, James and Dorothy, 519.
Deodville (Normandy), 12.
Derby, Ferdinand, Earl of, 52.

Earls of. Sec Ferrers ; Lancaster.
Desborough, Major-Gen. 196, 199,200.
Despencer, Elizabeth le, 56.

Hawis daughter of Sir Philip le,

509-

Hugh le, 508.

Lady le, 57.

arms of, 55.
Dethick, William, Garter, 472.
Devizes (Wilts), 535.
Devon, Earl of. See Courtenay.
Devonshire, 15, 69, 76, 85, 87, 109, 122,

125-
Devonshire, Duke of, 244.
Devonshire, Mr. 234.
Devon and Somerset Stag-hounds,

274.
Deyncourt, Edmund, 34.
Dice forbidden, 308.
Didmarton (Gloucester). Sec Codring-

ton.
Diere, John, fisherman, 304.
Digby, Captn. 181.
Dighty river (Scotland), 152.
Divorce, 161, 461, 478, 479, 510.
Docton, Jane daughter of Thomas, 515.

Rebecca daughter of Thomas, 515.

Wilmot relict of Richard, 516.
Doddrydg, the widow, 348.
Dodesham, William, 332,
Dodington, John, 2q6^

Giles and Margaret, 514.
Dogge, James, 143, 151.
Dogs, 99, 308.
Dolton. Sec Stoford.
Domerham (Wilts), 91.
Domesday Survey, 3, 276, 326, 328,

349, 3«4, 455-
Doneraile, Viscount. See St. Leger.
Donisbristle (Scotland), 142.
Dorchester (Dorset), 472, 520.

INDEX

569

Doria, Cosimo. 295.
Dorset, 73, 109, 470.

Earl of. Sec Mohun, William de.
Dover (Kent), 256.

Dower in aipiit baroiiue, 43, 115, 162.
Dowlles, Harry, 348.
Down, East (Devon), 511-513. See

also Ley ; Pyne.
Downe, Anne and Mary, daughters
of John. 453.

John, 453.

Nicholas, 452.

Richard, 452, 453.
Downhead near Mells, 444.
Downhead, Erneis of, 444.

John, 445.

Walter of, 444, 445.
Downman, John, portraits by, 271,

536.
Drake, Lady, 202.
Draper, Robert, 108, 113.
Drax Abbey (York), 65.
Drewe, Charlotte daughter of Fran-
cis, 271,535.

Erasmus and Joan, 496.

John, 133.

Louisa daughter of Samuel, 270.

Mary daughter of Francis, 269.

William and Penelope, 485.
Drewell, Elizabeth daughter of Sir

Humphrey, 417.
Drink, 150, 318.
Drue, Lawrence, 85.
Drury, Sir Henry and Susan, 417.
Dublesterre, Maud le, 287.
Dublin, Archbishop of, 60.

Canon of St. Patrick's. Sec Lutt-
rell, Robert.
Dublm, Marquess of. See Vere.
Dudley, Edmund and Elizabeth, 439.

Sir John, 439.
Duels, 491-493.
Duke, John, 289.
Dundee (Scotland), 147, 150-152, 154,

166.
Dunheved. Sec Downhead.
Dunkeld, Bishop of, 150.
Dunkeswell Abbey (Devon), 20.
Dunstan the priest, 384.
Dunster Borough, 18, 119, 124, 142,
166, 202, 277-293, 300, 302-312,
326, 327, 344, 347.

Ale-tasters, 302-304, 310.

Bailiffs, 125, 278-280, 283,292,293,

299, 309, 311, 459-
Bread-weighers, 302, 303, 310.
Burgages, 229, 285-292, 392, 465.
Burgesses, 277-285, 287, 290-292,

307.
Charters of liberties, 277-283.
Clerks of the Market, 293, 310.

Cloth industry, 297-302, 336.

Common rights, 229, 284, 413.

Commonalty and common seal,
284, 329.

Courts, 290, 298, 302, 306, 308-312,
446, 458, 462.

Constables, 302-304, 309.

Flairs, 292, 343.

Fulling-mills. See Cloth.

Gilds of St. Lawrence and the Holy
Trmity, 286, 335, 336, 406, 414.

Leather, Searchers and Sealers of,
309-

Market, 277-279, 294, 307.

Membei-s of Parliament, 284.

' Portmote, ' 302.

Tolls, 278, 293.

Street-keepei's, 303, 310, 311.

Surveyors of victuals, 303.

Shambles, keepers of, 303.

Tucking-mills. See Cloth.
Dunster Castle, 5, 7, 14, 15, 18, 19, 31,
35. 36, 43, 46, 48, 62, 77, 84, 86,
87, 97, loi, 104, 109, no, 119,
120, 124-126, 132, 156, 162, 166,
180, i8i, 195-197, 199, 200, 202,
227, 230, 234, 236, 237, 244, 248,
249, 252, 254, 265, 269, 274, 277,
314, 317, 322, 330, 336, 344, 349-
382, 429, 442, 501, 549.

alterations made by George Lut-
trell, 175, 365-367.

alterations made by Henry Fownes
Luttrell, 229, 376-380.

alterations made by George Fownes
Luttrell, 381, 382.

arras at, 173.

Bowling-green, 373.

Breakfast Room, 377.

Buck's view of, 373.

Chapel of St. Stephen, 31, 100, 102,
352-354, 364, 367.

Chapel in the old Hall, 356, 358.

Chapel built in 1723, 373, 381.

Chaplain at, 43, 47, 87, 356.

Constable of, 47, 49, 74, 100, in,
125, 281, 304, 323, 357, 459.

curtam wall, 351, 359, 367, 379, 380.

Dame Hawis's Tower, or the Flem-
ing Tower, 30, 351-353, 357, 361,
362.

demolition of, 195-197, 201.

division of, 361, 362, 365, 511.

' Dungeon, ' keep, or Upper Ward,
350, 352-35«, 364, 373-

Exchequer, loi.

Gallery, 365, 367, 370, 371, 374, 377,

37«-
garrison of, 195-197.
Gatehouse, 115, 196, 197, 359-362,

364, 367, 372, 379, 380, 382, 547'.

U

570

INDEX

Dunster Castle, contd.

Gateway of the Lower Ward, 338,

351-357, 35'>-362, 372, 379, 38i.
Gate of the Inner Castle, 356.
Governors of. Sec Gurdon ; Robin-
son ; Wyndham.
Green Court, 379, 382.
guests at, loi, no, 274, 448.
bronze guns at, ^^2.
Hall, 353-358- 362, 365, 366, 368,

369, 371, 376, 377, 381, 382, 549-
household, retainers and servants,

87, 90, 92, 100-102, 107, 108, 213,

214, 222, 279.
' Inner pyle or lodginges ', 365.
inventories, 216, 369-372.
the King's Chamber, occupied by

Charles II. when Prince of

Wales, 187, 370, 371.
the great Knights' Chamber, 353.
the Knights' Hall, 353.
pictures on leather at, 374, 375.
Lower Ward, 350-355, 362, 365,

367, 378, 379.
moat, or ditch, 362.
New Way, 372, 373, 378.
overmantel at, 333.

great Parlour, or Dining-room, 367,

368, 371, 376, 381, 382, 550.
portcullis, 357.

porter's lodge, 356.

portraits at, 217, 372, 382 ; of Cop-
leys, 164 ; of Cromwell, 200 ; of
Drewes, 271, 536 ; of Dyke, 224 ;
of Hcrne, 345 ; of Hooper, 373 ;
of Luttrells, 156-159, 176, 183,
206, 215, 220-224, 227, 229, 260,
261, 525, 559 ; of Southcote, 261.

prison at, 353.

prisoners at, 88, 197, 198.

rooms, various, at, 100, 102, 353-
362, 368, 370, 371, 376, 378, 551.

the Spirit's Room, 371.

Sta'Dles, 353, 357,' 358, 360, 365,
367, 372, 378.

Great Staircase, 368, 369, 376, 377,
381.

sieges of, 6, 188-194.

summer-house, 373, 374.

the Tor, or Mount Stephen's, 115,
194, 197, 299-301, 316, 326, 328,
330, 340, 349, 352, 362, 364, 372,
378, 382.

towers and turrets, 35^-355, 359,
361, 362, 364, 365, 367, 373, 379,
381.

Withdrawing Room, 368, 371.
Dunster Church, 5, 9, 42, 58, 100, 104,
133, 176, 195, 220, 274, 307, 335,
339, 347, 383-433, 462.

almsbox, 426, 427.

altar-slab, 432, 463.

altar of the Holy Rood, 389, 390,

394, 399, 406, 423-

altar and chapel of Our Lady, 390,

395, 396, 398, 399, 423, 424, 510.
altar of St. George, or high altar,

104, 394, 395, 399, 406, 421, 423-
altar of St. James, 403, 406.
altar and chapel of St. Lawrence,

31, 352, 389, 395, 396, 398, 399,

414, 423-
altar and aisle of the Holy Trinity,

399, 406, 423.
bells, 400, 401, 428.
chalice and paten, 468.
chancel, 42, 103, 105, 387-389, 393,

395, 398, 401, 403, 404, 406, 419-

425, 427-433-

chapel of St. Leonard, 395.
eastern chapels, 220, 389, 398, 420,

423-425-
churchwardens, 205, 214, 426, 429.
churchyard, 308, 335, 337-340.
division (1498) and reunion (1539),

403, 419-422.
font, 398.
graves and vault, 222, 425, 426,

429, 432.
' hearse ' and ' judas, ' 394, 395.
lights, 393, 394,408,461.
monuments, brasses, &c. 42, 43,

104, 105, 130, 220, 270, 418, 425,

426, 432, 550.

nave and aisles, 386, 387, 389, 393,
395, 396, 401 403, 405-408, 425-
428, 431, 463.

parochial altar, 399, 403, 404, 428.

pews, 430, 431, 462.

restoration of (1875), 431.

sacristy, 103, 389, 423, 432.

screens, 396, 406, 407, 421, 432, 559.

tower, 387, 393-398, 401, 420, 424,

427, 431, 432.

transepts, 389, 395, 396, 398, 420,

428, 430, 432.

Dunster, Honour, or Barony, of,
4, 10, II, 13, 14, 35, 45, 74, 86,
88, 120, 124, 126, 132, 162, 175,
296, 321, 434, 437, 444, 450, 451,

453, 469, 470, 47i, 556.
Dunster Manor (long combined with
that of Carhampton), 4, 35, 36,
43, 46, 48, 50, 84, 116, 124, 126,
142, 160, 202, 297, 312-328, 415,

458.
barton, or home-farm, 117,316, 317,

338, 356.
bedel, 315.
carpenter, 315.
'■chariour' and ^ bcriicbrnlte', 32^,

324-

INDEX

57^

Dunster Manor, contd.

dairy, 353.

demesne,3i7,3i8, 324,344, 345,411.

dovecot, 353.

' foreign ' woods, 392.

forest, 18, 346.

gallows, 297, 342.

grist-mills, 11, 276, 278, 306, 307,
316, 325-32S, 340, 341. 365, 415-

hay ward, 315.

the Lawns, 344, 345, 415.

orchard, 343.

the medieval Park, comprising the
Hanger and the New Park, 50,
97, 116, 160, 174, 175, 202, 285,
298, 307, 316, 318, 325, 331, 332,
338, 341-344, 346, 361, 365, 415-

fishpool in the Park, 97, 343, 358.

the present Park, 229, 342, 345, 346,
378, 382, 466.

reeve, 53, 116, 297, 312, 314, 315,
319, 320.

St. Burye"a rents, 326.

vineyard, 324, 325, 343.

warren, 19, ii6, 280, 344.

waste, 311.
Dunster Parish, bounds of, 346-348.
Dunster, places and houses in : —

the Rail, 330, 331.

' Le Barrys ', 307.

Butter Cross, Market Cross, or High
Cross, 334, 335, 339.

the Cucking-stool, 311.

the Conduit in New Street, 337,
340-

Corn Cross, 331.

Cornhouse, 293.

the Corner House, 342.

the Corner Shop, or Cage House,

335-
the ' Fresshe', 347.
the Glasier's House, 335.
Hawn, haven, or sea-port, 278, 279,

282, 294, 295, 314, 329, 347, 358,

458.
Hearts (or Hart's) Well, 342.
the High House, miscalled the Old

Nunnery, 337.
Cottage Hospital, 340.
Luttrdl Anns Hotel, formerly the

Ship,74, 175, 178, 192, 195, 258,

293, 311, 325, 330, 332-334, 550.
Market-house, 175, 293, 301, 330-

332.
Market-place, 115, 293, 331, 332.
New Hall, 292.
Pillory, 311.

Priory Green, 285, 339, 419.
Prison, or Stock-house, 332.
River, 311, 341, 343, 344, 352. 353,

362,

St. Benet's Well, 338.

St. Leonard's Well, 339.

St. Thomas's Chapel, 330.

Schools, 271, 339.

the Smithy, 335.

Spear's Ci'oss, 338.

the ' stone-healed house ', 337.

Railway station, 329.

the Slocks, 311.

Town-hall, 292, 311, 331, 332.

Tubhouse, 292, 331.

Town's end, 330.

Wesleyan Chapel, 338.

Workhouse, 340, 341.

See also Alcombe ; Avelham ; Avill;
Bircheham ; Clerklome ; Cole-
borrow ; Conigar ; Croydon ;
Culvcrhay ; Dene ; Foxgrove ;
Frackford ; Gallocksclose ; Gilt-
chapel ; Grabbist ; Hams ; Hille-
bouer; Holhnghorrows; Hopke-
garden ; Hurlepool ; Lynch ;
Lyncroft; Marsh; Parlebienshay;
Prestelond ; Puryhay ; Rack
Close ; Rockhead ; Skillacre ;
Staunton ; Townswood ; Wag-
land.
Dunster Priory, 31, 83, 91, 140, 173,
202, 323, 337, 340, 342, 386, 390-
392,402,409-412, 415, 420,421,
424, 429, 433, 455, 510.

endowments of, 383-386, 388, 391,

392.

monks of, 20, 42, 100, 352, 386,
3«i^, 390, 392-396, 398, 399, 401,
403-405, 409-

Priors of, 36, 82, 286, 305, 321,323,
340, 342, 356, 389, 390, 392, 393,
396, 401-405, 409, 410, 436 ; list
of, not indexed separately, 552,

553-
Dunster Rectory and tithes, 384, 385,

3X8, 409, 412, 413, 424, 429, 510.
Dunster, Streets, lanes and bridges: —
Barnbridge, 316.
Brook Lane, 50, 329, 330.
Brook Lane Foot bridge, 329, 348.
Castle Bailey, the Bailey, or Castle

Street, 99, 307, 335, 338, 339,

362, 367.
Church Street, New Street, or

Middle Street, 335, 337, 339,34°,

462.
Colyer's Lane, or Le Lane, 341.
Conduit Lanu, 339.
Dene Lane, 347.
Gallocksbridge, or Doddebridge,

297, 341, 342, 347.
Gallockstreet, 297, 320, 341, 342,

347, 467-
Gallockswell Lane, 341.

572

INDEX

Dunster, Streets, &c. contd.
Goose Wheekes Path on Grabbist,

301.
High Street, Fore Street, North
Street, East Street, ' Chepyng-
strete, ' or Market Street, 277,
285,311,33(^335, 338-340, 343,
467, 511.
Hurlepool Path, 347.
Marsh Street, Marshway, 329, 348.
Mill Bridge, 328.
St. George's Street, 339, 347, 433,

467.
St. Thomas's Street, or Rattle Row,

329, 330.
Sea Lane, 295.
Tucker Street, 298.
Water Street, 341.
West Street, 298, 301, 338, 340,
341, 347,362, 467.
Dunster Vicarage, 387, 416, 419, 433.
Vicars and ' Curates ' of, 222, 271,
387, 389, 390, 394, 400-406, 412-
415, 457; list of, not indexed
separately, 553-555-
Dunster, W. Abbot of Cleeve, 433.
Dunsterdene, Staunton in, 447, 449.
Durand the Steward, 5, 383, 384.
Durborough, Hugh, 343.
John, 45.
Sir John, 47.

family and arms, 167, 550.
Durham, Bishop of. Chancellor, 85.
Dye, Giles, 347.
Dyer, John, 115, 116.
Dyke, Edward, 224, 226.
Elizabeth, 442.

Elizabeth (Lady Acland), 224.
Margaret. Sec Luttrell, Margaret.
Thomas, 442.
family, 216.

E

Eastbury manor in Carhampton, 272.
Easthampstead (Berks), 54.
Ecclesiastical Commission, 419.
Edgcote (Northampton), 125.
Edgcumbe, Dame Catherine, 162, 165.

Peter and Margaret, 141, 513, 547.

Richard and Joan, 496.
Edinburgh (Scotland), capture of, 142.
Edington, 444, 537.
Edmondson, Joseph, herald, 539, 540.
Education, cost of, in 1682, 532, 533.
Edward the Black Prince, 44, 56, yy.
Edward HL 446-448.
Edward IV. 122-125.
Eels, 117.
Egremont, Earl of. Sec Wyndham.

Ekedene, Nicholas son of Payn, 319.

Elba (Italy), 269.

Eld, Francis, 340.

Election expenses, 250, 251, 255, 257.

Eliot, John and Denise, 496.

Elizabeth, daughter of Edward I, 76.

Ellerker, John of, 507, 508.

Ellesworth, Richard and Agnes, 170.

Ellicombe in Dunster, 258, 347,412.

Ellisworth, John, 290.

Emmys Cross, alias Lankey Cross, in

Carhampton, 348.
Engelram son of Juelin, 384.
Enghien (Belgium), 269.
Enmore, 86. See also Malet.
Erasmus, the Paraphrases of, 422.
Erie, Thomas, 219.
Errol, Earl of, 154.
Escott, Aldred, 457.

George, 348.

Hugh, 269.

Lawrence, 347, 348.

the Rev. T. Sweet, 457.

the Rev. W. Sweet, 457.
Essex, Earls of, 30. See also Bohun;

Mandeville.
Est, mythical earldom of, 23-25.
Estkantok. See Quantockshead, East.
Eton College (Buckingham), 270-273,

275, 536, 537-
journey to, from Dunster, 535.
Everard, John, 343.
John and Susan, 532.
Patrick and Joan, 50.
Robert, 283, 343.
Thomas, 299.
William, 277, 280, 343.
family, 274, 348.
Evermue, Walter de, 64.
Evesham, battle of, 35.
Eworth, Hans, painter, 559.
Exchequer, 83, 86, no, 171, 203, 309.
Excommunication, 168.
Exeter (Devon), in, 127, 191, 192,
201, 206, 314, 527.
Church of St. Nicholas at, 77.
Bishop of, 1S4, 85, 120. See also

Blond ; Stafford.
Canon of. See Bloyou, Henry.
Treasurer of. See Wideslade, Rich-
ard.
Exeter, Duke of, 123. See also

Holland.
Exeter. See Cook ; Foxwell ; Hems ;

Prigg ; Yorke.
Exeter Domesday, 276.
Exford, 384, 385, 391, 412, 413. Sec

also Arundel.
Exminster (Devon), 220.
Exmoor forest, 80, 131, 132.
Exton, 124, 126.

INDEX

573

Eylesvvorthe, Eylysvvorthi, John, 357,

360.
Eyr. See Hayre.

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 188, 190, 192,

193-
Fairlield. See Palmer.
Fairoak in Carhampton, 347.
Fairs, 65, 277, 292, 471.
Falaise (Normandy), 15.
Falconbridge, Peter of, 70.
Falmouth (Cornwall), 527.
Fanshawe, Captn. Henry and Caro-
line, 536.
Farway manor (Devon), 30.
Farwell, Thomas and Sarah, 476.
Fauntleroy, Peter and Joan, 461, 462.
Felbrigg (Norfolk). See Wyndham.
Fell, John, Bishop of Oxford, 204.
Felons' goods, 308.
F'eltwell (Norfolk), 77.
Ferguson, Alice Edwina daughter of

Col. Munro, 275.
F'ern, 281, 345.
Ferrers, William de. Earl of Derby,

31,32.
Fienles, Isabel de, 556.
Fife (Scotland), 144, 149, 150
Fifehead (Dorset), 472, 497.
Fihvood forest, in Whitchurch, 87.
Flinch, Leopold, 219.

Col. 191.
Fintrie (Scotland). Sec Graham.
Fiscaballi, Leonard, 131.
Fish, 90-93, 96, 97, 112, 304.
Fishbourne, Sir Giles of, 67, 68.
Fisheries, 296, 383, 384.
F^itz Count, Henry, 18.
Fitz Geoffrey, John, 29.
Fitz James, Sir James, 173.

Margaret relict of Richard, 514.
Fitz Payn, 296.
Fitz Piers, Eleanor, 36.

arms of, 500.
Fitzurse, John, 74.

Sir Ralph, 47.

Ralph, 67, 281.

family, 167.
Fitz Walter, Sir Walter and Philippa,

41,51-
arms of, 501.
Fitz Warren, Fitz Waryn, Sir Ivo, 95.

Lord, 137.
Fitz William, Elizabeth daughter of

John, 477-479-
Flamank, Joan daughter of Thomas,

461.
Flanders, 138, 491.

Baldwin, Count of, 8.
Fleet (Dorset),Mohuns of, 40, 472-477.

Church of, 473-475, 502.
Fleming, Hawis le, 29, 30, 352.

Captn — and Mary, 529.

William le, 29, 30.

arms of, 29.
Flitcham Priory (Norfolk), 77, 138.
' Flockys ', ' flokkes ', 298, 299.
Fordham, William of, 46, 47, 49.
Fordingbridge (Hants), 40,
Foreland, the, in Countesbury, 295.
Foremarsh, in Carhampton, and
Dunster, 228, 462, 463, 465, 467.
Foremarsh, Ralph atte, 436.
' Forestallers ', 305.
Forests south of Trent, chief justice

of, 19.
Fortescue, Honora daughter of John,
of Buckland P'illeigh, 200.

Achilles and Prudence, 515.
Fossard, Agnes and Gertrude daugh-
ters of Robert, 63.
Foughler, John, no.
Fowey (Cornwall), 477, 483.
Fowlersmarsh, 391.
Fownes, A. 218.

Anne, 218.

Henry, 226, 227, 551. See also
Luttrell, Henry Fownes.

John and Anne, 227, 488.

arms of, 228.
Fox, Henry, statesman, 240.
Foxe, a widow, 416.
Foxgrove in Dunster, 410.
Foxwell, Edward, 201.
Frackford in Dunster, 298, 299, 301,
341, 347,391, 456.St'f also Gryme.
France, 87, 138, 509.

Kings of, 79, 138.
Franceys, William, 108.
Francis, John and Susan, 177.
Frank, Henry and Christina, 399.

John, 289.
Franklyn, William, tailor, 206, 207,

209, 210, 213.
Freeman, Mr. 419.
Frekeford. Sec Frackford.
Friar, a French, 88.

John, 58.
Friars, Black, 58, 506.

Grey, 27, 28, 139.
P>iardel (Normandy), 16.
Frilford. See Frackford.
Fry, Bartholomew, 451, 452.

Elizabeth, 452.

Ferdinando, 452.

Peter, 451.

Robert, 247, 451.

William, 450, 451.
Fuel, 143, 144, 281, 282.

574

INDEX

Fulford, Sir Thomas, 126.
Fuller, Thomas, historian, 284.
F'uhvood forest. Sec Filvvood.
Funerals, 58, 103, 113, 139, 201, 215,

507, 524-

Furneaux, Sir Simon, 47.

Furnival, Lord, 84.

Furze, 281, 307.

Fust, Sir Edward, Catherine, Eliza-
beth and Dorothy, 475, 476.

Fynne, Joan, 347.

Fytz, George and John, 413.

Gainsborough Castle (Lincoln). Sec

Gambon.
Gale, George, 255, 257, 258, 262, 293.
Gallocksclose, Gallockscross, Gal-
locksdown, Gallockswell, and
Gallockswood, in Dunster, 297,
341, 342, 347-
Gallockswell, Robert of, 286.
Gallows, 297, 342.
Galmpton (Devon), 33.
Galsworthy, William and Elizabeth,

516.
Gambon, John, 450.

William, 447-450.
Game, 99.

Gamston (Nottingham), 59, 65.
Gardener, John, 58.
Garland, William, 362.
Garter King of Arms, 486.
Garter, Order of the, 45, 51, 76.
Gascoigne, William, chief justice, 85.
Gascony, 60, 79, 97, 508.
Gatchell, Lucy daughter of John, 534.
Gatton (Surrey), 163. Sec also Cople;.
Gaunt, Avice of, 63.

Gilbert of, 8.

Henry of, 63.

John of, Duke of Lancaster, 44, y^,
78, 122, 447.

Margaret of, 63, 66.

Maud of, 63.

Maurice of, 62-66.

Robert of, 63.

Walter of, 8.

family, 64.
Gay, John, 136, 137.
Genoa. See Doria ; Gentili.
Gentili, Ludovico, 295.
Geoffrey, Robert son of, 8.
George, Prince, of Denmark, 215.
Gerard, Thomas, 284.
Geroius, 383.
Gesla Stcpliani, 5, 6, 350.
Ghcid Inquest, the, 4.
Ghent (Belgium), 156, 269.

Gibbons, Grinling, carver, 368.

Gilbert the priest, 384.

Gilbert, Thomas, 403.

Gillcotts, Gildenecote, in Carhamp-
ton, 312, 321, 436.

Gillingham (Dorset), 78, 82, 93.

Giltchapel in Dunster, now in Car-
hampton, 317, 342, 347, 348, 410.

Girebert the archdeacon (of Taun-
ton ?), 384.

Gireward the monk, 384.

Glasney (Cornwall). See Stoke.

Glastonbury, 161,388,403.
Abbots of, 403, 478.

Glastonbury, Sir Henry of, 282, 283.

Glendower, Owen, 73, 80.

Gloucester, Sir Walter and Lady,

507-

Walter and Elizabeth, 508.
Glover, Martyn, 400.
Glover's Roll of Arms, 498.
Gloves, 99, 209-212, 533.
Glynton, Sir Ivo de, 46.
Godard, John, 21.
Godbeare, Richard, 452.
Godfrey, Mary, 514.
Godmanston (Dorset), 472.
Godolphin, James and Mary, 162.
Godwin, Dr. 234.
Godwyn, William, 80, 82, 87, 88, 91,

103, 107.
Gogh, John, 125.
Golafre, Sir John and Philippa, 51.

arms, 501.
Goldesmyth, Jerard, 305.
Gollop, John and Elizabeth, 474.
Goodwin, Elizabeth daughter of John,

417-
Gordons, Scottish hostages, 155.
Gorges, Samuel, 201.

Frances daughter of Sir Edward,

519-
Goring (Oxford), 37, 47, 51.
Goring, Lord, 188, 191.
Gossop, Obadiah, 486.
Gough, Christine daughter of Robert,

510.
Sir Richard, 523.
Gould, James, 237.

John and Sarah, 476.
Grabbist, hill in Dunster, 287, 298-

301, 317, 339, 340, 392, 442.
Grafton, Duke of, 244, 248, 249.
Grafton, William and Eleanor, 496.
Graham, Sir David, of Fintrie, 151.
Grain, 307, 322, 324.
Grampound (Cornwall), 485.
Grange (Devon). See Drewe.
Grange Mohun (Kildare), i, 37.
Granger, the duties of a, 322, 323.
Gravener, Nicholas, 412.

INDEX

S7S

Green, Mary daughter of Sir Henry,

509-
Greenaleigh in Minehead, 81, 258.
Greenwich (Kent), 132, 161.
Gregory, George, 453.

Joan reUct of Lewis, 453.

John, escheator, no.

Lewis, 453.
Grene, William, 80.
Grenville, Sir Richard, 188, 190, 191.
Grey, Edward, Viscount Lisle, 438,

439-

Elizabeth, 439.

Elizabeth, Baroness Lisle, 439.

Elizabeth, Viscountess Lisle, 438.

John, Viscount Lisle, 439.

John de, of Codnor, 32.

Muriel, Viscountess Lisle, 439.

William de, 504.

Lord, of Wilton, 145, 151.
Greyhounds, restriction of, 308.
Greyme. See Gryme.
Grevwell (Hants), 33, 48, 52.
Griffith, Elizabeth relict of Col. Ed-
ward, 494.
Griffyth, Lewis, 135-137.
' Grisel Gris, ' a horse, 45.
Grobecker, W. A , 529, 530.
Grooms, 100-102.
Gryme, John, 400, 401, 406, 414.
Guienne, 477.

Guinea, Ginney (Africa), 559.
Gurdon, Adam, 35.
Gurnai, Gurney, Hugh de, 14.

Robert de, 64.
Gwinnear (Cornwall). See Godolphin.
Gyltchapell See Giltchapel.

H

Hadham (Hertford). Sec Capel.
Hadley, Anne, 169.

James, 169.

Margaret daughter of Christopher,
167-169, 174, 425, 426.

Philippa, 169.

Richard, 169.

arms of, 426.
Hadley's House in Carhampton, 348.
Hainneville castle at Moyon (Nor-
mandy), 16.
Hales, Sir Christopher, 440.
Halifax (Nova Scotia), 527.
Hall near Fowey (Cornwall), 477.
Hall, Jonathan, 453.
Hammoon, Ham Mohun (Dorset), 1,4,

11,469-472, 497.
Hamilton, Duke of, 493.
Hampole (York), 505.
Hampton. Set' Southampton.

Hams, the, in Dunster, 410.

Hancock, Abraham, 206.

Hanham, Joan daughter of Simon,

437-
Hanktord, William, judge, 86.
Harding, Robert son of Robert son

of, 63.
Hardington, 70. Sec also Bampfield.
Hardwicke, Lord, 244.
Hardy, Rachael daughter of Francis,

519-
Hares, 343.
Harfleur (Normandy), 87, 90-93, 95,

55«-
Harington, Lord, 76.

Lady, loi, 116.
Harleston, Elizabeth wife of William,
107, 128.

William, 106, 107, 128.
Harness, 98, 99.

Harper's house at Carhampton, 348.
Harris, Joan daughter of John, 496.

John and Cordelia, 487.

John and Sibyl, 471.

Richard, 401.

Thomas and Eleanor, 496.

William, 400, 401.
Harrison, Philip, 334.
Hart, W , 347.

Hartland (Devon), 144, 514-518, 549,
Sceal-ioAhhot; Choi will; Docton;
Orchard ; Stucley.
Hartrow. See Escott.
Harvard College (U. S. A.), 380.
Harvest, 322.

Harvey, Edward and Frances, 216.
Haslam, Mr. 235.
Hastings, Jouette daughter of Sir

John, 446.
Hatch, 32.
Havel. Sec Avill.
Hawkcombe Head, 274.
Hawks, 88, 99, 343.
Hawkvvood, Sir Thomas, 58.
Hawley, Francis, 184.
Hawton (Nottingham), 542.
Hayman, William, 233, 249, 254, 258,

259-
Hayne (Devon). Sec Harris.
Hayne, Mr. 254.
Hayre, or Eyr, Elizabeth or Isabel,

daughter of Richard, 480, 560.
Head-money, 319.
Healey (Lancaster), 67.
Hearne, Thomas, 490, 523, 524.
Heath, 281, 282, 307, 340, 345.
Heath, John, K.C. 252.
Hcathficld Durborough, 167, 202,

228, 269. See also Durborough ;

Venn House ; Wibwell.
Heavitree (Devon). Sec Ayres.

576

INDEX

Hedgehogs killed, 214.

Heere, Lucas d', painter, 156, 157,

176, 559-
Hele, Anne and Margaret, 473.

Philippa daughter of Sir John, 484.

Thomas, 184.
Helyer, Henry, 357.
Hembury near Bristol, 536.
Hembury, Broad (Devon). Sec Drewe.
Hems, H. carver, 432.
Henry, Prince of Wales, portrait of,

382.
Hensty in Carhampton, 342, 344,

347, 348, 466.
Heningham. See Hevingham.
Heralds, 472, 479, 480. See also Garter.
Herbert, John, 123.

Sir Richard, 125.

Thomas, 123.

Sir William, Lord Herbert, Earl of
Pembroke, 123-125.

William, Earl of Huntingdon,
' Lord of Dunster ', 124-126, 128,
129, 451.

family, 127, 132, 363.
Hereford Cathedral church, 380.
Hereford, Maud, Countess of, 36.

Earl of. See Bohun.
Herefordshire, turned chairs in, 380.
Hermodville, William de, 384.
Heme, John, 345.

Herring, the Rev. Leonard, 245, 247.
Hertford, Earl of, 142, 440. See also
Seymour.

Marquess of, 180, i8r, 183.
Hevingham (Norfolk), 81.
Heytesbury (Wilts). See Ashe.
Hickling (Nottingham), 66.
Hides, 304.
Hill, Anne, 169.

Captn. 492.

Giles, 169.

Margaret daughter of Robert, 132,
169, 364.

Richard, 172, 490.

Robert and Alice, 132, 169.

Robert, a lawyer, 86.

arms of, 140, 363, 547, 548.
Hillary, Elizabeth daughter of John,

474-
Hillebouer in Dunster, 410.
Hillsborough, Earl of, 417.
Hilton, Sir Godfrey and Hawis, 509,

510, 560.
Godfrey, 510.
Hintoii Ainpner (Hants), 329.
Hinlon Biewett manor, 441.
Hobart (Tasmania), 528, 529.
Hobbcs or Holes, a widow, 348.
Hobson, Margaret relict of Thomas,

514.

Hody, Sir Alexander, 120-123.

Thomas, 87, 359, 472.
Hoke (Dorset), 118.
Holcomb, Sir John, 414.
Holcombe manor (Dorset), 472.
Holcroft, Sir Thomas, 147.
' Holcrop ', a petty pilferer, 305.
Holland, John, Earl of Huntingdon,

Duke of Exeter, 448-450.
Hollingborrowes in Dunster, 366.
Holly Hill in Carhampton, 467.
Holne, John of, 280.

Richard of, 277.

William of, 283.
Holnicote in Selworthy, 237, 251, 442.
Holsworthy (Devon). See Mapowder.
Holway House in Carhampton, 342,

347-
Holy Land, the, 22, 59, 66.
Homond, Ellen daughter of Robert,

332.
Honibere in Lilstock, 141, 513, 518.
Hoo, barony and arms of, 163, 164.
Hood, Anne Elizabeth Periam, daugh-
ter of Sir Alexander, 275.
Hooper, George, Bishop of Bath and

Wells, portrait of, 373.
Hopcot In Wootton Courtenay, 167,

297.
Hopkegarden, the, in Dunster, 300.
Hopton, Ralph, Lord, 180, 181, 188,

191.
Horses, 45, 81, 97-100, iii, 323.
Horsey, Elizabeth daughter of Sir

John, 483.
John, 440.

Sir Ralph and Edith, 483.
Horsman, William, 462.
Horswell (Devon), 34.
Horton (Kent), 215.
Hossom family, 301.
Hothorp, William, 48.
Hooton Pagnell (York), 62, 63, 65,

504- 541-
Hou, Walter de la. Abbot of Newen-

ham, 24, 49, 498.
Houndston. See Hill.
Howard of Effingham, Lord, 163.
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey,

439-
Howe, George, 300.
Hoyle, William, 334.
Huish, 64, 124.

Hull, Thomas, surveyor, 378-380.
Humez, Richard de, 14.
Hungerford, Anne daughter of Sir
George, 525.

Elizabeth relict of George, 527.

Walter, 526, 527.
Hunt, John, 98, 100.
Hunting, 19, 132, 214, 270, 273, 470.

INDEX

577

Huntingdon, Earls of. See Herbert ;

Holland.
Huntley, Hugh, 123.
Hunygod, 287.
Hurford, John, 345.
Hurlepool in Dunster, 300.
Husbandry, treatise on, 321-324.
Husk, — , 234.
Huyshe, John, 305.
Hyde, Margaret daughter of Stephen,

473-
arms of, 502.
Hydon, Thomas, 359.
Hylwen, Robert, 98.
Hyndford, Lord, 240.

Ilchester, 83, 86.

He Brewer, 17, 36, 37.

Illycombe, Godfrey of, 436.

Imbercombe. See Timberscombe.

Inchcolm (Scotland), 142-147-

Ingram, 301.

Ireland, 15, 60, 76, 78, 194, 275, 295,

444, 477, 493, 540.
Ireland, Duke of, 449.
Irish servants, restriction of, 308.
Irnham (Lincoln), 63-66, 68, 73, 504-

510.
Irnham, Baron, 539.
Isaac of York, a Jew, 60.
Isabella, Queen, 40.
Ivelcombe, Sir Henry and Isabel, 479.
Iveton, 120, 124, 126, 133, 166.
Iwood, 74.

J

Jannsen, Cornelius, painter, 485.

' Japan ' furniture, 321.

Jedworth (Scotland), 149.

Jeremy, Charlotte daughter of the

Rev. John, 534.
Jerusalem (Palestine), 13.
Jervoise, Maria daughter of Thomas,

529-
Jewels, 129, 162, 165, 215-217, 228.
Jews, 19, 60.

Jews in VViveliscombe. See Capps.
Joce, John, 361.
John the charioteer, 82.
Jone, Elizabeth, 303.

William, 287.
Joan, Queen, 87.
Jones, Prudence, 512.

Karampton. See Carhampton.

Karemore. See Caremore.

Kedley or Ridley, alias Pointer, Joan

daughter of William, 496.
Kemeys, William Martin, Lord of,

445.
Kempe, John and Ellen, 436.
Kennedy, Lord, 490.
Kent, the Fair Maid of, 77.
Kent, Herbert of, 384-
Kent, Sir Robert, 103.
Kentisbury (Devon), 133.
Kenthford near Watchet, 74, 120, 124.

See also Wyndham.
Kersham in Luxborough, 386, 388,

456.
Keyford. See Prowse.
Keynes, Alexander and Sarah, 178.
Keynsham. See Kersham.
Kildare (Ireland), 33, 37.
Kilkenny (Ireland), 33.
Killigrew, Mary daughter of Sir

Henry, 484.
Kilton, 4, 12, 36, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 57,

77, 83, 84, 119, 124, 126, 133, 142,

159, 162, 166, 174, 178, 202, 228,

322, 323, 383, 384, 392, 420, 518.
Church, 385.
Rectory and tithes, 385, 388, 409,

410, 510.
Park, 160.
Kilve, 270, 273, 296.
Kingsallers in Carhampton, 317.
Kingsbridge (Devon). See P>y ; Rey-

nell.
Kingston in Staverton (Devon). Sec

Rowe.
Kingston near Taunton, 226.
Kingston, Joan daughter of Thomas,

73-
Sir William, 142.

Kingsvvear (Devon), 220.

Kingswood forest (Gloucester), 87.

Kingweston. Sec Aldridge.

Kit Cat Club, the, 492.

Kitswall in Carhampton, now in
Timberscombe, 442.

Kittery Court in Kingswear (Devon).
See Fownes.

Knipe, Thomas, master at West-
minster, 532.

Knockin (Salop). Sec Strange.

Knowsley (Lancaster), 375.

Knyte, Gervase, 'shipman,' 93.

Knyvett, Sir Thomas, 439.

Kodogon. Sec Codogan.

Kymer, William, Curate of Dunster,
222.

Kynewordisham. See Kersham.

V

S78

INDEX

Kyng, Roger, 'shipman,' 90, 91, 93.

Thomas, 82.
Kynggestone, Thomas, 108.
Kyiighorne (Scotland), 146.
Kvrton, Edward, 183.
Kytenor, Geoffrey of, 277, 280.

William of, 283.

Lacy family, 2.

Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, 40.

Henry, Duke of, Earl of Derby, 41,
42, 477, 508.

John, Duke of. See Gaunt.

Thomas, Earl of, 38.
Lancaster, Duchy of, 73.
Langcombe and Langridge in Car-

hampton manor, 313.
Langham, Juliana, Lady, 269.
Langport, 45, 187.
Langston, John, 263-267.
Lanhey Cross. See Emmys Cross.
Lanteglos by Fowey (Cornwall), 479,

481, 503-
'Larder-silver,' 292, 313.
Laroon, Marcellus, portrait by, 345.
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 198.
Lauerance, John, 116.
Launcelewe, John, 37.
Launceston (Cornwall), 485.
Lawrence, Elizabeth daughter of

Thomas, 494.
Lawrence, John, 80.
Lawrence Waltham (Berks), 522.
Leader Jane daughter of William, 537.
Leake, Sir Francis, 147.
' Leaping-stocks,' 311.
Leather, pictures on, 374, 375.
Lechlond, John, 299.
Lee (Kent), 489.
Lee, Elizabeth, 453.

Henry, 347.
Leeds (Kent), 54, 78, 79.
Legge, Henry Bilson, 417.

Mr. 256.
Leicester (Leicester), journey to, 81.
Legh, Mr. 234.

Rev. George Henry, 418.

Maurice and Agnes of, 64.

W. 237.

William, 241, 268, 301.
Leigh and Leighland in Old Cleeve,

463 466.
Leith (Scotland), 142, 144.
Leland, John, antiquary, 104, 296, 297,

363, 421.
Le Mans (France), 15.
Lethbridge, Sir John, 267.

Mr. 265, 266.

Philip, 521.
Lewes, battle of, 504.
Lewes, John, 290.
Ley, brother Gilbert, 105.

Richard, 512.

Susan daughter of Richard, 511.
Leyborne (Kent). Sec Whitworth.
Lichfield races, 269.
Lilstock, 295, 513, 514, 518.
Lincoln, Bishop of. Sec Burghersh.
Lincoln, Richard of, 279.
Lincoln, Sheriff of, 65.
Linen cloth, manufacture of, 298.
Lisle, Viscount. See Grey ; Plan-

tagenet , Talbot.
Lisle, William and Juliana, 32.
Littlecote (Wilts). See Popham.
Livery, loi, 102, 115, 213, 214.
Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, 33, 35.
Loccombe. See Luccombe.
Locke, John, philosopher, 524.
Loders Maltravers (Dorset), 472.
Loghene, Elizabeth, 510.

Margaret, 511.
Loire, the (France), 294.
Lokesborowgh. See Luxborough.
Lokyer, Hugh, 357.
London, 32, 46, 53, 54, 82, 87, 98, 101,
III, 116, 135, 140, 165, 175, 245,
246, 249, 254, 256, 269, 317, 372,
374, 376, 464, 490, 51B, 529, 535,
546.

Carthusians in, 139.

Charing Cross, 32, 49, 491.

Chelsea, 523, 524.

Clerkenwell, 522.

Drury Lane, 464.

Dutch Embassy, 486.

New Exchange, 489.

Exchange women, 488, 489.

Fleet Bridge, 32.

Fleet Prison, 175, 204, 486.

Gray's Inn, 173, 176, 466, 514, 518,
521, 522, 525.

Holborn, 521, 522.

Howard Street, Strand, 490.

Hyde Park, 493.

Kensington, 270, 487.

King's Bench Prison, 492.

Lincoln's Inn, 179, 184, 524.

Lincoln's Inn Fields, 234.

Lombard Street, 533.

Marlborough Street, 493.

Marshalsea Prison, 204.

Mohun, Soke of, 32.

Newgate, 34.

Old Palace Yard, 491.

Pall Mall, 491.

Rose Alley near Holborn, 525.

Rummer tavern at Charing Cross
the, 492.

INDEX.

579

London, con id.

St. Andrew's, Holborn, 518, 522,

524- 525-
St. Anne's, Soho, 261.
St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, 34.
St. Bride's, 511.
St. Clement Danes, 526,
St. Dunstan's in the West, 336, 522.
St. Giles's, 521, 522, 524, 525.
St. Martin's in the Fields, 486,487,

489, 493-
St. Mary Graces, 447-450.
St. James's Park, 491.
St. James's Place, 230.
St. James's Street, 217.
St. Paul's, 23.
St. Sepulchre's, 34.
Savoy Chapel, 525.
Snow Hill, near Holborn, 486.
Spanish Embassy, 465.
Strand, the, 526.
Surrey Street, 526.
Inner Temple, 464, 517.
Middle Temple, 219, 473. 4H 4^5.

520,524,530,531, 535-
Tower, the, 447, 490 -492, 523.
Three Cups tavern, near Holborn,

the, 523.
Westminster, 235, 309, 343, 487.

491, 508.

Abbey, 52, 501.

Abbot and Convent of, 32.

Chapel of St. Nicholas, 52.

Hall, 241, 490-492.

St. Margaret's, 521.

School, 532, 533, 535-
London, Bishop of, 86. Sec also Sud-
bury.
Lord Mayor of, 215.
Longford Castle (Wilts), portrait at,

157, 559-
Looe, East (Cornwall), 253, 483.
Lophall. Sec Lo.xhole.
Lord's field, the, in Dunster, 412.
Loring, Sir Neal, 48.
Lorty, Sibyl relict of Sir Henry de, 42.
Lostwithiel (Cornwall), 484, 485.
Loterel. See Luttrell.
Loty, Elizabeth, 461, 463.

Jane, 461.

Joan relict of John, 460.

Joan wife and relict of Robert, 461,
462.

John (I), 303.

John (H), 122, 459.

John (HI), 460.

Margaret, 461.

Master, 400.

Robert, 461, 462, 510.
Loty's Marsh in Dunster or Car-
hampton, 467.

' Love-days', 116.

Lovelace, Lady, 219.

Loveys, Robert and Grace, 515.

Lowe, George and Catherine, 522.

Lowther, Sir John, 242.

Loxhole in Carhampton, 329, 344i4i2.

Lucan (Dublin), 540.

Luccombe, Geoffrey of, 277, 282, 283.

John of, 39.

Philip of, 279, 280, 343.
Lucy, Robert and Agnes, 277, 389.

Roger, 389.

Walter, Margery and Lucy, 389.
Luffincot (Devon), 514.
Lumley, Lord, 486, 558.
Lundy Island (Devon), 75.
Luny in St. Ewe (Cornwall), 494.
Luppit (Devon), 17, 22, 30.
Luton (Bedford), 36, 48.
Luttrell,

Abigail, 522.

Agnes wife of Sir Geoffrey, 506,

541-
Sir Alexander (d. 1273), 65-68, 504,

541-
Sir Alexander (d. 1354), 47, 69-72,

543- . . ,

Alexander son oi Sir James, 122,

123, 128.
Alexander son of Thomas, 184.
Col. Alexander ( d. 1711), 203, 216,

218-221, 342, 372, 532, 550. 551-
Alexander (d. 1737), 220-226, 230,

374,430,551- ^ ^ ^

Alexander Fownes, (b. & d. 1749),

259-
Alexander P'ownes, Rector of East

Quantockshead (d. 1816), 254,

260, 534.
Alexander Fownes, Rector of East

Quantockshead (d. 1888), 270,

536, 537-
Captn. Alexander Fownes, 27^.
Alexander CoUingwood Fownes,

537-
Alexander Henry Fownes, Vicar

of Minehead, 534, 537-

Alexander John Fownes, 534.

Alfred, 528, 529.

Alice, 512.

Alice Edwina wife of Captn. Alex-
ander Fownes, 275.

Amias, 530.

Amy daughter of Thomas, 184.

Amy wife of Southcote, 520.

Sir Andrew, of Irnham (d. 1265),
61-66, 72, 73, 504, 541.

Sir Andrew, of Irnham (d. 1390),
507-509, 542.

Sir Andrew, of Irnham (d. 1397),
509, 542.

58o

INDEX

Luttrell, contd.

Sir Andrew, of East Quantocks-

head (13 lo), 67-69, 75, 281, 542.
Sir Andrew, of Chilton (1378), 53,

7^78.
Sir Andrew (d. 1538), 133-14°, I53,

160, 166, 169, 286, 288, 363, 364,

409, 439, 451, 457, 547. 548-
Andrew, Rector of East Quantocks-

head, 69, 75.
Andrew, Rector of Bridgeford,

505-
Andrew son of Sir Andrew 141.
Andrew son of Thomas, 171, 426.
Andrew son of George, 176.
Andrew, 505, 511,512, 514, 5i5, 5i7-
Anne daughter of Sir Hugh, 107.
Anne wife of Francis, 220.
Anne daughter of Francis, 221,

224, 225.
Anne, Duchess of Cumberland, 261,

539-
Anne Fownes, 261.
Anne Fownes, 536.
Anne, 515, 520, 525, 526, 530, 531.
Anne Elizabeth Periam, wife of

George Fownes, 275.
Annora daughter of Sir Andrew,

66.
Annora daughter of Sir Alexander,

67.
Anthony, 202, 515-517.
Arthur, 516, 517, 519.
Arthur John Fownes, 270.
Aubrey, 505.

Augusta Margaret P'ownes, 270.
Beatrice wife of Sir Andrew, 506,

508, 542.
Beatrice Fownes, 275.
Caroline daughter of Col. Francis

Fownes, 270.
Caroline Fownes, 536.
Caroline Lucy Fownes, 535.
Catherine wife of Sir Hugh, 98-

100, 104, 105, no, III, 115, 116,

544-
Catherine daughter of Sir John,

162-164.
Catherine daughter of George, 177.
Catherine, 519, 521, 522, 532.
Cecily daughter of Sir Andrew,

141, 549-
Cecily daughter of Hugh, 511.
Charles, 515, 522.
Charlotte, 525.
Charlotte daughter of Col. Francis

Fownes, 270.
Charlotte daughter of John Fownes,

271.
Charlotte wife of Francis Fownes,

271, 535, 536.

Charlotte wife of Alexander Henry

Fownes, 534.
Christine, 510, 511.
Christopher, 517.

Claude Mohun Fownes, 275, 559.
Denise wife of Thomas, 72.
Diana, 178.
Dorothy daughter of Sir John, 162,

165.
Dorothy wife of Alexander, 217,

221, 222, 372, 373.
Dorothy daughter of Alexander,

221.
Dorothy, 519, 522, 525.
Dorothy Hope wife of Hugh Cour-

tenay Fownes, 275.
Edgar, 529.
Edmund B. S. 529.
Captn. Edward, 521, 525, 526.
Dr. Edward, 527-529.
Edward, 511-513, 516, 517, 5^9-

521, 525-528.
Edward son of Col. Francis Fownes,

270.
Edward son of George Fownes,

275-
Edward son of Francis Fownes,

536.
Edward Hungerford, 529.
Edwin, 528.
Eleanor daughter of Sir Hugh,

133-
Eleanor, 514, 516.
Elizabeth wife of Sir Andrew, of

Chilton, 50, 52-54, 76-78, 83, 501,

543, 545-
Elizabeth daughter of Sir Hugh,

106, 107, 128.
Elizabeth wife of Sir James, 122,

123, 126-130, 432.
Elizabeth daughter of Sir Andrew,

141.
Elizabeth daughter of Sir Hugh,

133-
Elizabeth daughter of George, 177.
Elizabeth wife of George, 200.
Elizabeth wife of John, 412, 510.
Elizabeth, 505, 507, 508, 512-517,

519, 520, 527.
Elizabeth F'ownes, 275.
Eva Fownes, 537.
Fanny Harriet Fownes, 538.
Florence daughter of Alexander

Fownes, 538.
Florence Blanche wife of Alexander

Collingwood Fownes, 537.
Florence Louisa Fownes, 538.
Frances daughter of Col. Francis,

216, 218.
Frances wife of Henry Fownes,

261.

INDEX.

581

Luttiell, could.

Frances, 512, 513, 5i9, 520, 522,

531.
Francis { d. 1666), 184, 201-203, 301 •
Col. Francis ( d. 1690), 203-210, 213-

221, 367-369,429. 532,533,550.
Francis, of Venn House (d. 1732),

220-222, 225.
Francis, of Gray's Inn (d. 1677),

202, 521. , , ,

Francis, of the Middle lemple (d.

1749), 225, 524- 525-
Francis, 512, 515, 519, 52i, 522, 52>
Francis Fownes ( d. 1823), 254, 258,

259, 260, 262, 535, 536.
Francis Fownes (b. S-d. 1795), 535-
Col. Francis Fownes, 269.
Francis Fownes (d. 1880), 270.
Francis Wynne Fownes, 536.
Frederick, 528.
Frethesant wife of Sir Geoffrey,

61-63. ^ ^

Sir Geoffrey (1216), 59-6i, 63, 540,

541.
Sir Geoffrey, of Irnham ( d. 1270),

65,66,68,69,71, 504,541-
Sir Geoffrey, of Irnham ( d. 1345),

505-507, 541, 542-
Geoffrey, 507-
Sir Geoffrey, of Irnham ( d. 1419),

88, 509, 542, 545-

Geoffrey Fownes, 275.

George (d. 1629), 141, i57,i68, 171-
179, 283, 292, 300, 301, 309, 331,
333, 346, 365, 366, 411, 415, 417,
425, 426, 440, 452, 463, 511, 548-

550.
George (d. 1655), 184, 186, 195-200,

321,331- ^ ^

George (b. & d. 1651), 200.
George (1580), 133.
George (d. 1619), 176.
George (1659), 202, 531.
George, 510, 511.
George Fownes, 62, 270, 273-275,

381,419,431,442-
George Walter, 529.
Grace, 515, 5i7-
Guy, 505.
Hannah, 529.
Harriet Fownes, 271.
Harriet Maria Hungerford, 530.
Hawis wife of Sir Andrew, 509.
Hawis daughter of Sir Andrew,

509, 510.
Helena wife of Francis Fownes,

270.
Helena Louisa Fownes, 270.
Henry Fownes ( d. 1780), 228-259,
291, 292, 301, 328, 339, 345, 346,
370, 376-381, 454, 466, 467, 551-

Henry Fownes ( d. 1777), 254, 260.
Henry Fownes ( d. 1867), 269, 270,

273-
Henry Fownes (d. 1813), 535-
Henry Acland Fownes, 273, 537-
Henry Jeremy Fownes, 538.
Honor daughter of Sir Andrew,

141.
Honor wife of George, 200, 201,

550.

Honor, 511.

Sir Hugh ( d. 1428), 38, 57, 73, 79,
81,83-93, 95, 97-110, 112, 304,
318, 325-327, 343, 354, 358, 359,
472, 361, 362, 364, 432, 450, 451,
459, 509, 540, 543-546, 549. 557,

Sir Hugh (d. 152 1), 78-80, 128-135,
140, 169, 220, 299, 332, 363, 364,
402, 403, 451, 460, 547, 548, 550.

Hugh, of Rodhuish, 176, 531, 550-

Hugh, 510-512,514, 531-

Hugh Courtenay Fownes, 275.

Hungerford, 528-530.

Isabel, 507.

Sir James, 74, ^H, 1^5, 118-129,
169, 459, 546, 548-

Jane wife of Thomas, 179, 181, i»2,
184, 185, 203, 550.

Jane daughter of Francis, 215.

Jane, 5^3, 515-5^9, 522, 531-533,

550-
Jane wife of Alexander Fownes,

537-
Jewell, 513-

Joan wife of Thomas, 71, 72.
Joan wife of Sir John, of East

Quantockshead, 73.
Joan wife of Sir John, of Chilton,

76, 78.
Joan, a nun, 108.
Joan daughter of Sir James, 122,

417.
Joan wife of George, 176, I77, 425,

426.
Joan divorced wife of John, 461,

462, 510.
Joan wife of Sir Robert, 505.
Joan wife of Sir Andrew, 509.
Joan, 461, 505, 512, 513, 520.
John (1305), 67. , , . .

Sir John, of East Quantockshead,

72, 73, 75, 79, 543, 545, 549-
John son of Richard, Constable of

Dunster Castle, 79, m-
Sir John, of Chilton, 69, 75, 76.
John, of Chilton, 78.
Sir John (d. 1430), 87, 88, 106, 108-

114, 116-119, 309, 318, 326, 344,

360, 361, 363, 437, 438, 451, 459,

545, 546, 549-

S82

INDEX

Luttrell, contd.
John son of Sir John, 114.
John (d. 1558), 133, 134, 409-413,

420-422, 424, 456, 461, 462, 510.
Sir John (d. 1551), 139-162, 165,

166, 176, 286, 415, 548, 549, 558.
John, of Mapperton (d. 1588), 171,

426, 530.
John(d. 1593), 134-
John (b. 1592), 176.
John, Chancellor of the University

of Oxford, 505.
John, 505, 510, 511, 514, 515, 518-

520, 527-529, 531-
John Fownes (d. 1816), 223, 252,

254, 258, 259, 262-271, 332, 335,

418, 559-

John Fownes (d. 1857), 268, 269,
272, 273, 295.

Captn. John Alex. Fownes, 537.

John Leader Fownes, 538.

Louisa wife of Col. Francis Fow-
nes, 270.

Louisa daughter of Hugh Courtenay
Fownes, 275.

Louisa Frances Fownes, 536.

Lucy wife of Sir Alexander, 71.

Lucy wife of Francis, 201, 203,
204, 550-

Lucy daughter of Sir Robert, 505.

Lucy wife of Alexander Fownes,

534-
Marcia Fownes, 536.
Margaret daughter of Sir Hugh,

106.
Margaret wife of Sir John, loi,

113-119,361,362,459, 546.
Margaret wife of Sir Hugh, 132,

169, 332, 364, 547, 548-
Margaret wife of Sir Andrew, 134,

135, 139H142, 152, 153, 157, 159,

160, 162, 166, 171, 173, 411, 421,

424, 547-
Margaret daughter of Sir Andrew,

141.
Margaret wife of Thomas, 167, 171,

172, 425-
Margaret daughter of Thomas, 171,

426.
Margaret daughter of George, 177.
Margaret wife of Alexander, 222,

224, 226, 230, 551.
Margaret wife of Henry Fownes,

224-227, 230, 259, 261, 334, 340,

374, 551-

Margaret, 505, 511, 512, 514,517,
531, 532.

Margaret daughter of Henry Fow-
nes, 260, 261.

Margaretdaughter of John Fownes,
271.

Margaret Charlotte wife of John
Alexander Fownes, 535, 537.

Margaret Jane Fownes, 538.

Margery wife of Sir Alexander,
67, 68.

Margery daughter of Sir Robert,

505-

Margery daughter of Francis Fow-
nes, 270.

Maria wife of Hungerford, 529.

Maria P'ownes, 536.

Martha wife of Dr. Edward, 528.

Mary wife of Sir Alexander, 70, 72.

Mary, 74.

Mary wife of Sir John, 142, 162,
166, 174.

Mary daughter of Sir John, 162,
165.

Mary daughter of Thomas, 171,426.

Mary daughter of George, 178.

Mary wife of Col. Francis, 205,
206, 210, 213, 215-219, 367, 368,

371, 372, 374-
Mary daughter of Col. Francis,

213, 215.
Mary wife of Sir Geoffrey, 509.
Mary, 512, 514-518, 521, 524, 525,

527, 529-
Mary wife of John Fownes, 269,

271.
Mary daughter of George Fownes,

275-

Mary daughter of Hugh Courtenay
Fownes, 275.

Mary Anne daughter of Col. Francis
Fownes, 270.

Mary Anne daughter of John Fow-
nes, 271.

Mary Ann wife of Henry Acland
Fownes, 537.

Mary PYances Fownes, 536.

Matilda Hungerford, 530.

Michael, 540.

Millicent, 513.

Narcissus, 217, 521-525.

Nicholas son of Sir Andrew, 141,

513, 549-
Nicholas, 514-518.
Osbert, 59.
Oscar, 528.
Oriana,5i4.

Pernel wife of Sir Andrew, 65.
Philip, 512.
Philippa, 511.

Prudence, 512, 514, 515, 517.
Rachael, 519, 520.
Ralph Paganel Fownes, 275.
Rebecca, 510, 515.
Reginald Fownes, 270.
Richard, Constable of Dunster

Castle, 74, 119-121, 332.

INDEX

583

Luttrell, contd.
Richard, 512, 515.
Robert, Canon of Salisbury, 66.
Sir Robert, of Irnham, 504, 505.
Robert, Chancellor of Ireland, 540.
Robert, 505, 507, 520, 528, 540.
Romola Margaret Fownes, 537.
Rose wife of John, 67.
St. John, 529.
Sarah, 177, 178.
Sarah wife of Narcissus, 524.
Silvestra wife of George, 178, 179,

333, 550.
Simon, Baron Irnham, Viscount

and Earl of Carhampton, 539,540.
Southcote (d. 1721), 202, 519-521,

525-
Southcote (d. 1751), 225, 520, 521,

527-
Southcote Hungerford, 225, 521,

526, 527-
Susan daughter of George, 177.
Susan, 511, 512, 532.
Tasman, 529.
Thomas, of East Quantockshead

(1359), 70-72.
Thomas ( d. 1571), 141, 165-172, 365,

425, 452, 548, 549.
Thomas (d.1644), 176, 179, 180, 182-

^M, 427, 550-
Thomas ( d. 1670), 203, 204.
Thomas ( b. & d. 1627), 184.
Thomas, 505, 511, 512, 514, 516,

5171 531-533-
Col. Thomas Fownes, 260, 263, 264.
Thomas Fownes, Vicar of Dunster,

of Minehead and of Carhampton

(d. 1871), 271, 339,418,419.
Tregonwell, 215, 218, 219.
Ursula, 171, 426.
Walthean wife of Sir Hugh, 133,

135, 136.
William son of Sir Hugh, 87, 106.
William, Rector of Birch Parva, 106.
William, 515, 516, 528.
William Fownes, 559.
Wilmot, 512, 516.
Wilmot Hungerford, 527.
Wilmot Southcote Hungerford, 529.
arms of, 94, 140, 164, 178, 180, 228,

368, 374, 426, 432, 507, 513, 540-

551-
Luttrell and Eld Charity, 340.
Luttrell Psalter, 128, 506, 542.
Luttrellstown (Dublin), 539, 540.
Luxborough, 9, 20, 172, 303, 348. Sec

also Kersham ; Sandhill.
Luzerne, Abbey of la (Normandy), 13.
Lydeard, 9. See also SindercomiDC.
Lyme (Dorset), 205, 370.
Lyme Grove (Surrey). See Wood.

Lynch in Dunster, 410.
Lyncroft in Dunster, 366.
Lynde, Alexander and Diana, 178.
Lyons (Normandy), 10, 15.
Lyons (Lyonnois), 22, 25.
Lyte, Jane daughter of Thomas, 531,
550.

Thomas and Elizabeth, 476.

arms of, 502, 550.
Lytescary in Charlton Makerel, 502,

550.
Lythe (Scotland). Sec Leith.

M

Macclesfield (Chester), manor and

hundred, 54.
Macclesfield, Earl of, 263, 493.
Maddock, Samuel and Isabella, and

Anne their daughter, 227, 487.
Madras. See Pitt.
Magor (Monmouth), 33.
Maine, Alexander and Joan, 496.
Mainwaring, Charlotte daughter of
James, 493.

Roger, Bishop of St. Davids, 180.
Maisons (Normandy), 16.
Malet, Sir Baldwin, 72, 86, ui.

Baldwin, 206.

Dame Joan, m, 116.

Sir John, in.

Richard and Elizabeth, 141.

Thomas and Elizabeth, 127, 129.
Mandeville Geoffrey de, 29.

Robert de, 70.

William de, Earl of Essex, 29, 30.

family, 70.
Mangerton (Dorset), 472.
Mantelpieces, 333, 358.
Mapledurham (Sussex). See Shelley
Mapovvder, Catherine daughter of

Narcissus, 521.
Mapperton (Dorset), 171, 530. See

also Broadrepp ; Morgan.
March, Countess of, 80.
Mariansleigh (Devon), 20.
Maritz, Helena daughter of Stephanus,

270.
Mark, Philip, 61.
Markham, John, judge, 86.
Marlborough (Wilts), 535.
Marlborough, Duke of, 375, 376, 492.
Marmion family, 2.
Marriage, 117, 135, 167, 168. See

also Divorce.
Marsh in Dunster and Carhampton,
96, 97, 172, 229, 269, 282, 283, 332,

347, 4i», 456, 467-
bridge, 329, 348.
coiu-t and grange, 316.

584

INDEX

Marsh, contd.

East, 459, 467.

Higher, 329.

Lower, 460, 464-467.

Place, 329, 460.

Street, 329.

See also Fauntleroy; Loty; Ryvers;
Poyntz ; Stewkley.
Marsh, Agnes of, 458.

John, 238.
Marshals, Earls of Pembroke, 32.
Marshwaterlete in Carhampton, 317.
Marshwood in Carhampton, 41, 48,
98, no, 117, 170, 175, 179, i«5.
186, 202, 203, 332, 333, 342, 345,
346,511.550.

Park, 125, 160, 202, 313, 324, 343,
344, 388, 392.
Marshwood, Wymarca of, 314.
Martin, Samuel, 240.

Edmund and Jouette, 446.

Eleanor and Joan daughters of
William, 446.

Sir William and Eleanor, 36, 444-
446, 500.

William and Margaret, 445, 446.

arms of, 500.
Martock, 72.
Marwood (Devon), 452.
Marys, John, builder, 397, 398.
Massey, Major General, 191.
Mathu, John, no.
Matthews, Samuel, 293.
Maud, the Empress, 5, 9.
Maulay, Peter de, 18.
Mede, Michael atte, 50.
Medyet (Minehead ?), 412.
Meerhay See Hillary.
Menheniot (Cornwall). See Trelawny.
Melbourne (Australia), 528.
Mells, 444. See also Downhead.
Mercer, Joan, 520.
Merchaunt, John, 99.

Thomas, m.
Merewether, H. 527.
Meriet, Sir John and Mary de, 34.
Merssh. Sec Marsh.
Mersswode. See Marshwood.
Meschine, William le. Earl of Cam-
bridge, 63.
Mettcombe (Devon). See Poyntz.
Mevagissey (Cornwall), 487.
Milbourne St. Andrew (Dorset). See

Pleydell.
Milbourne, Simon, 122.
Mildenhall (Wilts), 32-34.
Militia, Commissioners of, 196, 198.
Milledar (Cornwall). See Rosuggan.
Milton Abbas (Dorset), 215, 217, 218,
374. Sec also Bancks ; Tregon-
well.

Milton Falconbridge, manor, 71.
Milton, South (Devon), 34.
Milward, Mr. 254.

John, 451.
Milverton, 519.

Minehead, 35, 44, 57, 81-83, 90-93,
97, 112, 167, 180, 181, 194, 230,
232, 233, 241, 245, 252, 256, 257,
264, 274, 294, 296, 320, 323, 329,
330, 336, 339, 342, 382, 413, 443,
448, 453, 534-
borough of, 169, 174, 229, 230, 244,

246, 252, 267, 268, 294.
Bowling Green Club, 244.
Church, 12, 221.
Churchwardens' accounts, 187.
courts held at, 254, 452, 456.
Cross, 249.
gallows at, 297.

Harbour, port and quay, 89, 132,
140, 169, 174, 176, 180, 182, 220,

234, 247, 251, 543-
Hundred of, 4, 388, 456.
Lane, 415.
Manor of, 4, 21, 36, 47, 48, 50, 52,

53, 77, 84, 95, 96, 105, 119, 124,

126, 130, 153, 166, 202, 228, 316,

317, 322,415.
Market-place, 249, 254, 258.
Mill, 12, 328.
Park, 159, 343, 344.
Parliamentary elections at, 169,

179, 184, 217, 220, 222, 230-233,

530.

(1747), 234-236.

(1754), 236-241.

(1761), 242.

(1768), 245-251.

(1774), 251-257-

(1780), 257-259.

(1783), 262.

(1784, 1790, 1796), 263.

(1802), 264-267.

(1806), 267.

(1807, 1812), 268.

disfranchisement, 272, 457.
Plume of Feathers Inn, 234, 241,

244, 252, 255, 264, 267.
reeve of, 89, 112, 320.
ships of, 81.

Lord Stawell's estate at, 418.
tithes of, 383-385, 412.
Vicarage of, 20.
Vicars of, no. See also Herring ;

Luttrell, Alexander Fownes,

Alexander Henry Fownes, Tho-
mas Fownes.
Vice-Admiralty of, 132, 220.
Vineyani at, 325.
Warren at, 280.
Whitehouse, the, at, 415.

INDEX

58s

Minehead, contd.
Slx also Blackford ; Bratton ; Clan-

ville ; Cox ; Foughler ; Gieena-

leigh ; Hayman ; Kyng ; North-
ridge ; Myne.
Mohun, Ada wife of Sir John, 39,

41, 42, 390.
Adehza wife of William, 5, 383.
Agnes wife of William, 7-9.
Agnes, daughter of William, 11.
Agnes, 495, 496.

Alice wife of Reynold, 17, 18, 22.
Alice daughter of Sir Reynold, 32.
Alice, 496.
Andrew, 471, 497.
Anne, 473, 474, 481, 483, 494, 496.
Arnald, 497.
Arundel, 483.
Baldwin, parson of Brinkley and

of Luppit, 17.
Baldwin, parson of Whichford and

of Fordingbridge, 40.
Beatrice wife of Sir William, of

Ottery, 33, 34.
Bridget, 483, 484.
Catherine, 474, 476, 487, 488.
Charles, third Lord Mohun, 487-

489.
Charles, fourth Lord Mohun, 489-

494.
Charles, 487, 496.
Charlotte wife of Charle>, fourth

Lord Mohun, 493.
Christian wife of Sir John, 39, 43,

432.
Christine, 472.
Churchill, 474.
Cordelia wife of John, first Lord

Mohun, 486.
Cordelia, 487.
Delia, 494.
Denise, 496.

Dorothy, 476, 484, 494, 496.
Durand, 5, 385, 556.
Edith, 475, 483.
Edmund, 482, 495.
Edward, 496.
Eleanor daughter of Sir William,

of Ottery, 33, 556.
Eleanor wife of Sir John, 36, 389,

444, 500.
Eleanor daughter of Sir John, 42.
Eleanor, 474, 496.
Elizabeth daughter of Sir John,

the fourth, 39.
Elizabeth daughter of Sir John,

thefifth, 51,57, 83.
Elizabeth, 474-477, 479, 480, 483,

484, 489, 493-49A.
Ellis, 496.
Ferdinand, 484.

Florence, 481.

Frances, 496.

F^rancis, 475, 476.

Geoffrey son of William, 5, 383.

Geoffrey, of Ham Mohun, 11, 469.

Geoffrey, 497.

George, 474, 484.

Gilbert Maximilian, 476.

Godeheut, or Godehold, wife of

William, 10, 13, 15, 470.
Grace, 496.

Havvis wife of Sir Reynold, 29, 30.
Hawis wife of John, of Ham Mohun,

471-
Henry son of William, 9.
Henry, 16.
Hervey, 41, 42.
Honor, 483.
Hugh, 482.

Isabel wife of Sir Reynold, 32.
Isabel daughter of Sir Reynold, 34.
Isabel, 479, 480, 482, 487, 497, 560.
Ivan, 9.
James, parson of Walkhampton

and of Brompton, 34.
James, 487.
Jane, 482, 483.
Joan wife of John, 31.
Joan wife of Sir John, 24, 41, 44,

46-50, 52-58, 80, 84, 86, 104, 284,

295, 313, 317, 325, 343, 44f^, 479,

556, 557-
Joan, 479, 480, 482, 496, 560.
John son of Sir Reynold, 30-32,

279, 352.

Sir John, the second, 31, 33, 35,36,

280, 292, 389, 390, 444, 471.

Sir John, the third (d. 1330), 36-38,

42, 43, 281-283, 295, 326, 445,

472, 495, 500-502.
Sir John, the fourth, 39, 501.
Sir John, the fifth ( d. 1375), 39, 40,

42-49, 51-53, 56, 86, 104, 391,

392, 501, 556.
John, of Ham Mohun, ii, 38, 469,

470.
Sir John, of Porlock, 40.
John, first Lord Mohun, 485-487.
John, 472-474, 479-482, 484-487,

494-497, 499, 500, 556, 560.
Judith, 477, 502.

Juliana wife of William, 17, 556.
Juliana daughter of Sir Reynold, 32.
Laurence, 42, 502.
Lucy wife of William, 14, 18.
Lucy daughter of Sir Reynold, 32.
Margaret daughter of William, 34.
Margaret daughter of Sir John, 39.
Margaret, 473, 474, 485, 497.
Mary daughter of Sir William, 34.
Mary, 474,475,483, 484.

W

586

INDEX

Mohun, contd.

Matthia wife of John, of Ham Mo-
hun, 471.
Maud daughter of Sir John, 52, 57.
Maud wife of Andrew, of Brinkley,

471-

Maximilian, 473-475) 502.

MeUora, 473.

Nathaniel, 483.

Nicholas, parson of Ham Mohun,
471.

Nicholas, 497.

Patrick, 41,45.

Payn, 41, 45.

Penelope, 485.

Peter son of William, 9.

Peter, 496.

Philadelphia, 487.

Philip, 483-

Philippa daughter of Sir John, 51,
57. See also York.

Philippa wife of Sir Reynold, 484.

Philippa daughter of John, first Ba-
ron, 487.

Philippa wife of Charles, third Ba-
ron, 488, 489, 493.

Ralph son of William, 9, 384.

Ralph son of William son of Dur-
and, 5, 556.

Reynold ( d". 1213), 14-17, 469, 470.

Sir Reynold, wrongly styled Earl
of Somerset ( d. 1258), 17-32, 49,
277, 278, 280, 281, 330, 350-352,
356, 3«7-389, 435, 47o, 498, 499-

Reynold son of Sir William, 33.

Sir Reynold, of Ugborough (1344),
41, 477-480, 502.

Reynold, of Boconnoc (d. 1567),
482.

Sir Reynold, of Boconnoc ( d. 1639),

24, 483-485-
Reynold, 482-485, 496, 560.
Richard son of William, 9, 14.
Richard son of Reynold, 17.
Richard, 472, 496, 497.
Robert son of William, 5,383.
Robert son of William, the third,

II.
Robert son of John, 31, 35.
Sir Robert, of Porlock, 38, 39, 41,

472.
Robert, 472-476, 495, 497.
Roger, 482.
Sarah, 476, 477.
Sibella wife of William, 495.
Sibyl wife of Sir John, 42-44.
Sibyl wife of John, of Ham Mohun,

471-
Theophila, 487.
Thomas son of William, parson of

Moyon, 11, 12.

Thomas, 476, 478-480, 483, 495-
497, 560.

Thomasine, 474.

Warwick, second Baron, 487.

Warwick, 494.

William, the first, 1-5, 49, 276, 324,
326, 349, 383-386, 391, 434, 443,
455. 469-

William, the second. Earl of So-
merset, 5, 7-9, 350, 384.

^V'illiam, the third (d. 1176), 9, 10,
385, 388.

William, the fourth (d. 1193), 11-
14, 386, 434, 469.

William son of William the fourth,

14-
William son of Reynold (d. 1265),

17, 20-22, 499, 556.
Sir William son of Sir Reynold

( d. 1282), 33, 499.
William, 470, 471, 475, 480, 482-

484, 494-497, 560.
Wilraund, 5, 383.

Yolenta daughter of William, 556.
arms of, 24, 25, 29, 55, 58, 498-503.
barony, 37, 38, 45, 52.
barony of Okehampton, 485, 486,

493-

monk of, at Cleeve, 557.
Molland (Devon). See Courtenay.
Monk, Elizabeth daughter of An-
thony, 515.
Monmouth, Duke of, 205.
Montacute, 349.

Montacute, William de. Earl of Salis-
bury, and Elizabeth, 51, 56, 57,83.

arms of, 55.
Montchaton (France), 13.
Montfichet family, 2.
Montfort, Alexander, 72.
Moore, William and Frances, 496.
Mordaunt, Charles and Elizabeth, 494.
Morgan, Anne relict of Christopher,
530.

John, parker, 400.

Mary daughter of Richard, 475.

William, 298.
Morocco (Africa), 161.
Morris, Mr. 240.
Mortain, Count of, 59, 349.

John, Count of, 11, 469.
Mortimer, Roger, 477.

family, 73.
Morval (Cornwall). See Coode.
Morys, Walter, 284.
Mottisfont Priory (Hants), 20.
Moulton manor (Suffolk), 77.
Mourning rings, 224.
Mount Edgcumbe (Devon). See Edg-

cumbe.
Mountfort, William, actor, 490.

INDEX

587

Mountstephen, John, innkeeper, 334.
Moyon (Normandy), i, 12, 13, 16, 503.

Church of, 11.

Honour of, 14.
Moyon, Henry de, 16. Wilhain de

{1266), 16.
Moysey, Abel and Anne, 536.

Charles Abel, Archdeacon of Bath,
and Charlotte, 536.
Mugford, John and Jane, 517.
Mulgrave Hall (York). See Fhipps.
Muntchenesy, Agnes of, 63.
Murray, Captn. Alexander, 527.
Musgrave, George, 269.
Myne, in Minehead, 258, 531.
Myryman, John, 358.

N

Napoleon, the Emperor, 269.
Natal (Africa), 270. Sec also Maritz.
Nethway in Brixham (Devon), 232,
235, 236, 246, 382. See also
Fownes.
Nettlecombe. Sec Trevelyan.
Court, portraits at, 223, 224.
Newcastle (Northumberland), 145.
Newcastle, Duke of, 239, 240, 244.
Neweleyghton, la, in East Quantocks-

head, 71.
Newenham "Abbey (Devon), 17, 20,
23-28,31,33,42,501.
Abbot of, 2, 17, 22, 24, 25, 27. See

also Hou.
registers of, 480, 498-500.
Newmarch, Henry and Frethesant of,

61, 63.
Newport Pagnell (Buckingham), 62.
New South Wales (Australia), 528.
Newton. See BicknoUer.
Newton, John and Isabel, 438.
'New Year's Gift' at Westminster

School, 532.
Nicolls, John and Isabel, of Penvoyce,

482.
Nicholls, John and Bridget, of Tre-

wane, 484.
Nivveton. See BicknoUer.
Nonsuch (Surrey), 162.
Norfolk, Duke of, 419-
Normandy, 87, 89. 108, 543, 544, 558-
Adela, Duchess of, i
Seneschals of, 92, 95.
North, Lord, Prime Minister, 255,

256.
Northam, Robert, 115.
Northampton (Northampton), 5, 60,

125.
Northcombe in Cutcombe, 385.
Northcote, William, 206, 219.

Northleach (Gloucester), 529.
Northridge in Minehead, 531.
Northumberland, Earl of, 123.
Norton (Cornwall), I7-
Norton Fitzwarren, 202.
Norwich, Bishop of. See Ayreminne.
Noryse, Joan, nurse, 115.
Nostell Priory (York), 65.
Nova Scotia (America), 526.
Nywecomesone, WilHam le, 287.

O

Oaktrow in Cutcombe. See Pyrou.
Oare, 296, 553.

Obits, 139, 403- ,

O'Brien, Percy Wyndham (Earl of

Thomond), 232-237, 242, 245,

246, 248.
Odeland, John, loi.
Offerings in church, 105, 403, 405.

Ogis, 383, 384- r. , r> .
Okehampton, 486. See also Courtenay.
Old Court in Carhampton, 317.
Olditch in Thorncombe (Devon), 30.
Oldley, John, 304.
Oke House in Carhampton, 348.
Opie, John, painter, 261, 271.
Opy, Philippa, 511.
Robert, 365, 511.
Orange, William, Prince of, 206.
Orchard. See Wyndham.
Orchard, John and Alice, 289.
Paul and Mary, 518.
Paul, 518.
Ordnance, Committee of, 196.
Osbern, Ralph son of, 384.

John, Constable of Dunster, 24, 29,

30,47,49,296,297.
William, Constable of Dunster,
afterwards steward, 281, 282.
Ostend (Belgium), 269.
Otterhampton. See Everard.
Otterv, Oltery Fleming, Ottery
Mohun (Devon), i, 19, 21, 29-31,
33. See also Carew.
Owl Knowle (now) in Timberscombe,

coins found at, 170, 171
Oxford (Oxford), 27, 34, 60, 130, 186,
189, 194, 474-
the Crown tavern at, 219.
the Star at, 222.
University of, 523.

' Caution monev ' at, 222.
Chancellor of. See Luttrell, John.
Ashmolean Museum, 380.
All Souls College, 533.
Balliol College, 533.
Brasenose College, 273.
Broadgates Hall, 514.

S88

INDEX

Oxford, contd.

Christ Church, 204, 218, 219, 222,
269, 270, 273, 535.

Exeter College, 271, 452, 484, 485,
494, 516, 521,531, 537.

Hart Hall, 476.

Lincoln College, 176, 179, 184.

Magdalen College, 275.

Oriel College, 270, 272.

Pembroke College, 204.

Queen's College, 227, 262, 535.

St. Alban Hall, 473, 537.

Trinity College, 453.
Oxford, Bishop of. See Fell.
Oxford, Earl and Countess of. See

Vere.
Oyly, Maud daughter of Henry d', 63.

Pacchehole, Thomas, carpenter, 303,

357-359-
Paisley (Scotland), Abbot of, 149.
Palestine. See Holy Land.
Palmer, Thomas, antiquary, 70, 74,
158.

Sir Thomas, 147.
Palton, Joan daughter of Sir John, 71.

Sir John, 71, 72.

Sir Thomas, 72.

Sir William, no, 11 1.
Panmure (Scotland), the laird of, 151.
Paramatta (New South Wales), 528.
Paris (France), 164, 493.
Parker, George, Viscount, 263.
Parlebienshay in Dunster, 298.
Parliament, the ' merciless ', 449.
Parliament, summonses to, 37, 38, 45,

505, 506.
Parnham (Dorset). See Strode.
Parry, Sir Thomas, 171. *

Partridges, 343.
Paschal candle, 394, 395.
Patteson John, 265, 266.
Paulet, Captn. 182.
Paunsefote, Walter, escheator in

Somerset, 114.
Pawlet manor, 64, 71.

the lady of, 82.
Payne, Mr. 234.
Payneil, Adam, 63.

Alexander and Agnes, 63.

Alice daughter of William, 63.

Ellis, Prior of Holy Trinity, York,

63.
Frethesant daughter of William,

61, 63.
Jordan and Gertrude, 63.
Isabel daughter of William, 61, 63.
Jordan and Agnes, 63.
Ralph and Maud, 62, 63.

Richard, 63.

William, of Bampton, 17.

William, 63, 65.

William and Avice, 63.

family and estate, 2, 61-64.
Paynter, John, 400.
Peas, green, at Christmas, 82.
Pekin (China), 538.
Pelham, Mr., 234.
Pembroke, ' Earl ' of, 80, 81.

Marshals, Earls of, 32.

See Herbert.
Penang (Malay), 270.
Pendennis Castle (Cornwall), 198.
Penny, Giles, 179.
Penryn (Cornwall). See Trefusis.
Penvoyce (Cornwall). See Nicolls.
Percare, William, chaplain, 115.
Perceval family, 272.
Percies, the rising of the, 73.
Percy, Alexander de, 384.

Sir Henry, 73.
Perderiall, William, a Breton pris-
oner, 90.
Periam, John, 230, 235, 236.
Perle, Walter and Hawis, 471.
Perring, John, 269.
Pers, Simon, 400, 401.
Person, William, 91, 327.
Peterborough, Lord, 240.
Petherton, North. See Sydenham.
Petherton, South. See Hele.
Pewter, 215.
Peyntore, Walter, 121.
Pheasants, 343.
Phelips, Edith daughter of Richard,

440.
Phelp, Walter, 304.
Phelps, Richard, painter, 224, 227,

260, 334, 428.
Philip, a carpenter, 97.

the carter, 314.
Philippes, John, 400.
Phipps, Charles, 263.
Picardy (France), 558.
Picot, 384.

Pierrepont, Humphrey de, 384.
Pigeons 117.
Pilgrimages, pilgrims, 13, 33, 76, 77,

81, 105, 306, 508.
Pilton (Devon). See Punchard.
Pinford manor (Devon), 30.
Pinkie, battle of, 142.
Pinto, a Portuguese merchant, 137,

138.
Pipe, the clerk of the, 87.
Piper's Inn, 535.
Pitt, Meliora, 473.

Thomas, 494.

William, statesman, 243, 244.
Pixton in Dulverton, 224.

INDEX

589

Plague, the, at Dunster, 186.
Plantagenet, Arthur, Viscount Lisle,

439-
Plate, silver and gilt, 93-95, 117, 129,

130, 139, 141, 173, 200, 214, 217,

226, 513.
Plays, 82.
Pleydell, Edmund Morton and Anne,

221.
Plugenet, Alan, 35.
Plumer, Thomas (Master of the Rolls),

264.
Plymouth (Devon), 206, 215, 544. See

also Maddock ; Stucley.
Plympton, Robert of, 42.
Poachers, 175, 343.
Pointer. See Kedley.
Poitou (France), 60, 62.
Pole, Admiral Charles Morice, 263,

264.
Pollard, Roger, 277.
Polmangan (Cornwall), 487.
Polrode (Cornwall), 485.
Poltimore (Devon). See Bampfield.
Pommeraie, Gislain and Joan de la,

16.
Ponyngys (Poynings), Sir Robert, 91.
Poole (Dorset), 90-93. See also Knyte;

Stocker.
Poole, Dr. 330.
Mary Ann daughter of Joseph Rus-

combe, 537.
Poore, Robert, 292.
Pope, Richard, 397.
Popham, Alexander, 184.
Jane daughter of Sir Francis, 179,

184.
Richard, 74, 79, 84.
Thomas, 72, 74.

family and arms, 179, 201, 426, 550.
Popper's Cross in Carhampton, 348.
Porlock, 39, 40, 294, 456, 472, 533.

Sec also Phelps ; Sparkhayes.
Sir- Roges of, 279.
Porpoises, 97.
Port, Henry de, 383.
Portishead, 475. See also Morgan.
Portland, Duke of, 268.
Portman, Viscount, 273.
Portman, John, 287.

Walter, iii, 114, 116.
Portsmouth (Hants), 91, 161, 206,529.
Portugal, 88, 137, 375.
Potheridge (Devon). See Monk.
Pottesham. See Putsham.
Poughill (Devon). See Pyncombe.
Poulett, Earl, 492.
Poundesford Park, 131.
Powderham (Devon), 120, See also

Courtenay.
Powell, Andrew, 246.

Powis, Lord, 240.
Pownall, Thomas, 256, 257.
Poyntz, Clement, 464.

Edward and Margaret, 463, 464.

Elizabeth relict of Richard, 463.

Giles, Agnes, and Prudence, 291,

463, 464-
Giles, son of Edward, son of John,
son of Edward, and Anne his
wife, 464-466.
Giles, son of Giles and Anne, 290,

466.
John, 228, 291, 466, 467.
Robert, 463.

family residence and estate, 348,
465. See also Marsh, Lower.
Practice oj Piety, the, 179.
Prater, George, 206.
Pratt, Charles (Lord Camden), 241.
Prayer, Book of Common, 423, 427,

432.
Prestelonde in Dunster or Carhamp-
ton, 314.
Price, Mr. 234.

Prideaux, Elizabeth daughter of Ni-
cholas, 200.
Prigg, Henry, of Exeter, 201.
Processions, 346-348, 404.
Provisions, 95-97, 147, 148, 150.
Prowse, Elizabeth, relict of James,

495-

Mrs. 237.

Thomas, 290.

Thomas and Jane, 532.

William, 185.
Pryer, Roger, 277.
Prynne, William, antiquary, 97, 198,

200, 367.
Puinz, Nicholas, 14.
Punchard, Mary daughter of John,

515-
Pury, Thomas, 100.
Puryhay in Dunster, 343.
Pusiinch (Devon), 497, 560.
Putney Hill (Surrey). See Leader.
Putsham, 98, 302.
Putte, Gilbert de la, 281, 282, 445.

Robert de la, 280.
Pym, Charles, 202.

John, 202.
Pyn, Thomas du, 35.
Pyncombe, Amy daughter of John,

520.
Pyncombe Charity, the, 418.
Pyne, Lewis and Catherine, 177.
Pynsonn, William, 396, 397.
Pyrou, Pero, Gilbert de, 445.
'Hugh, 336.

William, 280.

590

INDEX

Q

Quantockshead, East, 62-73, 75) 79.
105, 119, 124, 126, 130, 132-136,
138, 140-142, 162, 166, 172, 173,
177-179, 202, 274, 296, 509, 511,
514, 534, 541, 548.
Church and Rectory, 66, 69, 72, 73,
75, 105, 119, 126, 139, 140, 168,

547-
home farm, 318.
Manor-house, 132, 136, 138, 175,

178, 179, 185, 186, 550.
Park, 136, 160, 174, 179, 202, 344.
Richard, Rector of, 79.
Rectors of. Sec Luttrell, Alexander

Fownes.
reeve of, 100, 117.
Question, John, surgeon, 195.

Dr. 246.
Quircke, Robert, 336.

R

Rack Close in Dunster, 301.
Radipole (Dorset), 519.
Radlet, 124, 166.
Raith (Scotland). See Ferguson.
Raleigh, Elizabeth daughter of Sir
Warin de, 69.

Sir Simon de, 279.

Sir Warin de, 67, 69.

Sir Wymond de, 22.
Ralph, tenant of Avill, 434.
Ramsgate (Kent), 269.
Rancliffe, Lord, 267.
Reading (Berks), 535.
Reason, Hugh, 525, 526.
Recusants, 165, 177.
Rede, John, 90.
Redlinch, 10.
Reeve, office of, 319, 320.
' Reeve 's Ale ', 278.
Reghmede, la, in East Quantocks-
head, 71.
Regiments : —

Footguards, 525.

Grenadier Guards, 26, 275.

Lambert's, 192.

Luttrell's, 206.

Marines, 219, 526.

Rifle Brigade, 275, 537.

Royal Horseguards Blue, 260.

Skippon's, 193.

19th Foot, 206.

31st Foot, 219.

45th Foot, 526.

49th Foot, 260.

89th Foot, 260.
Regni, Sir John de, 277.

' Regraters ', 305, 307.

Reskimer, Anne daughter of William,
483.

Retford (Nottingham), 497.

Revels, 162, 180.

Reynell, George and Amy, 184, 203,
204.

Reynolds, Elizabeth, 510.
Sir Joshua, portrait by, 260.

Rhinegrave, the, 151, 152.

Rhuddlan (Flint), 33.

Richard, King of Almain, 35.

Richard, Robert son of, 384.

Richards, Rice, 320.

Ridley. See Kedley.

Rixen, 124, 126.

Robert, keeper of the horses, 82, 100.
the Hunter, 277.
priest of Alexander Hody, 121.

Roberts, Mr. 258.

Robinson, John, politician, 256.
Major William, Governor of Dun-
ster Castle, 195, 197, 199.

Roche Abbey (York), 65.

Rochester Castle (Kent), 349.

Rockhead in Dunster, 339.

Rodbourne (Wilts), 527.

Rodes, Ralph de, 61.

Rodhuish in Carhampton, now in
Withycombe, 48, 166, 202, 343,

348, 531-

tithing-man of, 313.

Uphill in, 269.
Rogers, Mary, 517.

Sir Richard and Cecily, 549.

Richard, 141.

arms of, 549.
Roger's house in Carhampton, 348.
Roges, Elizabeth daughter of Simon

de, 39-

son of Simon, 277.
Rondevin, Hugh, 277.
Rooke, Sir George and Mary, 215.
Roos, Lord, 84.
Roper, Robert, 441.
Roscarrock, Charles and Margaret,

485-
Rosuggan, John and Joan, 482.
Rouen (France), siege of, 543.
Rouston (Lincoln), 497.
Rowe, Prudence daughter of George,

464.
Robert, 465.
Royal Oak, proposed Order of the,

201.
Royton (Lancaster), 67.
Rughe, Walter, 327.
Ruishton, 93.
Rumilly, Avice de, 63.
Russell, Lord John, 272.
Mr. 258.

INDEX.

591

Russell, contd.

William, 82, 100.
Ryce, Mary daughter of Sir Gnfhth,
142, 162.

John, Vicar of Dunster, 414.

arms of, 164.
Kyvers, John, 458, 459.

Robert, 116, 117, 458, 459-

Sabian, 384-

St. Albans (Hertford), 122, 127, 522.

St. Albyn, Aubyn, Joan, 479-

Mr. 339-

John, 232.

Lancelot, 226.
St. Aniand, Amaury de, 36.
St. Audries, 534-
St. Buryan (Cornwall), 326.
St. David's, Bishop of, 84, 85. See also

Mainwaring.
St. Decumans, 442.
St. Ewe (Cornwall), 494.
St. Inglevert near Calais, 78.
St. Ives, (Cornwall), Rector of. See

Castro.
St. John, Edward, 116.

Henrv, 4i7- , ,

St. John of Jerusalem, Hospital of,

507, 541.
St. Leger, Arthur, (Viscount Done-

raile) and Elizabeth, 494.
Ste. Mere Eglise, William de, 13, 14-
St. Pinnock (Cornwall), 484.
St. Nicholas, the clerks of, mummers,

83-
St. Nicholas, Isle of Wight, 514.
Salisbury, cathedral church of, 41,
470.
Bishop and chapter of, 470.
Canon of. See Luttrell, Robert.
Dean, Precentor, and Succentor of,
388.
Salisbury, Elizabeth, Countess of,

wifeofWilliam, 56, 57, 83.
Saltash (Cornwall), 522.
Saltby manor (Lincoln), 508.
Salter, George, 336.
Saltern Lane in Carhampton, 342,

347-
Salt Marsh in Dunster, 291, 292.
Saltren, Thomas and Margaret, 517.
Salvin, Anthony, architect, 381, 382.
Sampford Arundel, manor, 105.
Sandhill in Withycombe, 269, 348.
Sandwich, Sir Ralph of , 68.
Santiago (Spain), pilgrimages to, 33,

77-
Sarsden House (Oxford) . Sec Langston .

Sartrye, Thomas, sacristan of Bruton,

114.
Saunton in Braunton, 82, 91-93. 105,

141,514,519,520,525.527-
Sauvey Castle (Leicester), 19.
Savage, James, author, 70, 302, 331.
Savage, Lord, 486.
Scamerdon, gallows at, in Dunster,

297.
Scherpe, 287.
Scobell, Mr. 491.
Scolemayster, John, 101.
Lawrence, 303.
Richard, 343.
Scotland and Scots, 65, 69, 142-156

166, 504, 530.
Scrope, Beatrice daughter of Sir

Geoffrey, 506, 508.
Constance daughter of Sir Geoffrey,

507-
arms, 542.
Scutt, Gilbert, 390.
Sedgemoor, battle of, 205.
Seeman, Enoch, portraits by, 223.
Segrave, Christian daughter of John,

39-
Seine river (France), 558.
Selwood Forest, 10.
Selworthy, 274, 442.

Thomas Denays, parson of, 343.
Sempringham Priory (Lincoln), 66.
Seymour, Edward (Duke of Somerset)
and Anne, 122, 123, 142, 145-
148, 150-152, 439, 440-
Seynsbury, Reynold, Margaret, and

Catherine, 326.
Seynt Jon. See St. John.
Shaftesbury, 92, 108. See also Bien.
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 523, 524.
Shapwick, 22.
Sheen (Surrey), 54.
Sheerness (Kent), 218.
Sheldon, Eleanor daughter of Ralph,

475-
Gilbert, Archbishop of Canterbury,

475-
Shelley, Henry and Mary, 165.
Sheotemouth in Old Cleeve, 296.
Sheppard, Jane, 526.
Shepton Mallet, shambles at, 332.
Sherborne (Dorset), 131, 180. See

also Cooper.
Sherborne, John, Lord, 417.
Shereveton. Sec Shurton.
Shervidge in Kilton, 4.
Shiffner, Henry, 236-252, 376.
Ships : —

Collingwood, 537.

Colossus, 529.

Double Rose, 143. i45-

Experiment, 528.

592

INDEX

Ships, contd.

Governor Macqnarie, 528.

Herald, 529.

Howell, 81.

Impetiteux, 529.

Leonard, of Dunster, 88.

Mary Hamborough, 146.

Mediterranean, 529.

Namnr, 529.

Porpoise, 528.

Sacre, 143.

Sf. Mar/c Cog, 294.

F/c/or>', 476.

Will oil gliby, 143.
Shilves in Carhampton, 348.
Shobrooke (Devon). See Cotton.
Short, John, 246.
Shotover (Oxford), 34.
Shrewsbury, Earl of, 123.
Shuckburgh, Sir Charles, 417.
Shurton in Stoke Courcy, 4, 295,

296, 384, 386, 388, 391.
Sindercombe, Catherine daughter of

Gregory, 532.
Singleton, Grace daughter of Richard,

496.
Skibbercliff, in Carhampton, 342.
Skillacre, in Dunster, 346, 412, 511.
Skippon, Major Gen. 193.
Skory, Sir Edmund and Silvestra,

178, 179, 186.
Skutt, Margaret daughter of Anthony,

441.
Skynner, Thomas, 99.
Slape, 440.

Slowley, Slaworthi,in Luxborough,2o.
Slug, John, 98, 103.
Smyth, Cecily, 134.

Sir J. H. Greville, 273.

Sir James and Bridget, 484.

Thomas, 358.
Snell, William, 335.
Snuff, 210.

Soldiers, pay of, 149, 151, 156.
Soldon (Devon). See Prideaux.
Somer, John, a friar, 107.
Somerset, 54, 109, 122, 125, 130, 132,

167, 363-
County Council, 339.
Fencible Infantry, 260.
Militia, 180, 270.
Sheriffsof,4, 7,73, 86, no, 122,131,

137, 170, 175. 179. 200, 237, 425,

537-

West, Foxhounds, 270, 273.
Somerset, Duke of. See Seymour.

Earl of, 14, 25.

Mohun Earldom of, 7, 25, 26, 49.
Somerton, 45, 236.
Somery, Margaret de, 63, 64.

Ralph de, 63.

Sir Roger de, 66.
Southampton, Hampton (Hants), 87,

90-93-
Southcote, Sir Edward and Frances,
519, 520.

John Henry and Margaret, 261.

Mary daughter of Sir George, 484.

family, 261.
Southwark (Surrey), 559.
Spain, 269, 375.
Sparkhayes in Porlock, 456.
Spaxton,i33, 512, 513. Sa' a/so Collard.
Speccot, Sir John and Jane, 483.
Speke Col. 457

George, 416, 457.

Sir George and Elizabeth, 141,457.

John, 457.
Spencer, Earl, 275.
Spencer, Sir Thomas, 204.
Sper, Spere, John, chaplain, 303.

William, 338.
Spices, 103.
Spinnage and Crompton, decorators,

376.
Sport, 132, 250.
Spurrier, Caleb, 342.
Squibb, Elizabeth, 476.
Stable accounts, 98, 99.
Stafford, Edmund, Bishop of Exeter,

77-
Humphrey, Earl of Stafford, Duke

of Buckingham, 118, 119
Sir Humphrey, 118.
Joan, 438.

John, Bishop of Bath and Wells,
Archbishop of Canterbury, 118,
119.
Richard, 438.
Stamford (Lincoln), chantry at, 66.
Stanhope, Cordelia daughter of Sir

John, 486.
Stanley family, 8, 52.
Stannaries in Devon and Cornwall,

54. 485-

Stanton (Derbj')- See Sheldon.

Stanton Drew. See Skutt.

Stanton, Philip and Monour, 511.

Stapleton, Florence Blanche daughter
of the Rev. Henry Elliot, 537.

Star Chamber, the, 135, 175, 197,
461, 462.

Staunton, Staunton Downhead, Staun-
ton in Dunsterdene, Staunton
Fry, 229, 230, 276, 385, 412, 436,

443-454-
Staverton (Devon). See Rowe.
Stawell, Lord, 269, 417, 418.

Lady, 417.
Stawell, George, 201.

Sir John, 181.

Stewkley, 417.

INDEX

593

Stentvvill in Cutcombe, 391.
Stephen, King, 5, 6, 9.
Stephens, John and Eleanor, 516.
Steple (Dorset), 475- , ^^ ,

Stucley, Anne daughter of Charles,
220.
Sir W. Lewis, 518.
Stewkley, Elizabeth relict of Hugh,

425, 432.

George and Jane, 122, 289.
George son of Hugh, 425.
Hugh, 159, 172, 413-416, 424-
Sir Hugh, 291, 415, 430-
Joan daughter of Hugh, 172, 173,

425-
Margaret daughter of Hugh, 425.

Richard, 289.

Sarah daughter of Sir Hugh, 418,
Susan daughter of Hugh, 172.
family and arms, 176,269, 329, 417,

426, 427, 429.
tabular pedigree of, 417.

Stocker, Anthony and Margaret, 441.
Anthony and Sarah, 442.
Capel, 206.
John and Edith, 440.
John and Elizabeth, 440.
John and Margaret, 440, 441.
Col. John, 321, 441.
John, 442.

William and Mary, 441, 442.
Stockhey, Sir Robert and Elizabeth

of, 40.
Stockland,4,64, 71, 178, 383, 385, 386.

See also Shurton.
Stoford, Thomas and Agnes, 496.
Stogumber, 122, 126, 205, 442.
Stoke Courcy, 203, 296, 521. See also

Marys ; Shurton.
Stoke Damarel (Devon), 494.
Stoke Fleming (Devon), 29, 30, 33.

See also Southcote.
Stoke, John of, Canonof Glasney, 478 .
Stokes, Matthia daughter of Sir

William, 471.
Stone, John, bondman, 319.
John, mason, 361.
Walter, fisher, 304.
William, clothier, 103, 115.
Stonehall (Suffolk), 124, 167.
Stoneley, Oliver of, 509.
Stou, 287.

Stoukedostre, Alice, 287.
Stourton, Sir John, letter from, 109,

John, no.
Stoway, Thomas, 290.
Stowey, Nether, 114, 222.
Stowey and Jones, surveyors, 334,

377-
Stradling, Edward and Philippa, 511.
Strange, Sir John and Maud le, 52.

Richard le. Lord of Knockin and
Mohun, 52, 57, 83.

arms of, 55.
Stranraer (Scotland), 530.
Stratton, John and Elizabeth, 107.
Strawberry Mill (Middlesex), 380.
Streatley (Berks), 19, 30, 36, 37. 48-
Strecche, Catherine relict of John,i04.

Sir John, 105.

Michael, 99.
Strechleye, John, 72.
Street, G.E., architect, 337, 432-
Stretton in the Fields (Derby). See

Cave-Brown.
Strode, John and Margaret, 172-174.

Sir Robert and Mary, 171.

Stroude, , 246.

Stuart, Douglas Wynne and Marcia,

536.
Stuckey's Banking Company, 559.
Sturminster Marshal (Dorset), 33, 48-
Suakim (Egypt), 275.
Sudbury. See Chipping Sodbury.
Sudbury, Simon of. Bishop of London,

49, 50.
Suffolk, 109, 122, 125.
Sumpterman, John, 58.
Surderval, Maud daughter of Richard

de, 63.
Sutton, Agnes daughter of Sir Richard
de, 506.
arms of, 507, 542.
Sutton, Robert of. Prior of Bath, 391.
Sutton Place near Guildford (Surrey),

164.
Swan-upping, 160.
Sweating sickness, the, 161, 481.
Sydenham, Col. 188.

George and Elizabeth, 413, 440.
John, 456.

Silvester and Joan, 461, 402.
Ursula, 463.
family, 206.
Sydling St. Nicholas (Dorset). See

Hardy.
Symes, William, 306.
Symonds, Lucy daughter of Thomas,
201.

Tailebois, Joan, daughter of Henry,

509-

Sir Walter, 509.
Taillor, Taillour, Geoffrey, 305.

Hugh, 100.

Laurence, 99.

William, 297.
Tailors' charges for clothes, 207-213.

594

INDEX

Talbot, John and Elizabeth, Viscount
and Viscountess Lisle, and Eliza-
beth their daughter, 438, 439.
Tallage, exemption from, 278.
Tamerton Foliott (Devon). Sec Mad-
dock.
Tapley Park (Devon). See Clevland.
Taunton, 82, 98, 116, 131, 183, 187,
188, 194, 198, 205, 224, 232, 235,
241, 261, 510, 519.
Castle, 121, 195, 196, 199.
Crown tavern, 226.
cloth, 300.

Archdeacon of, 80, 412.
Canons of, 9.
Taunton, John, 99. SeealsoMerchaunt.
Tavistock (Devon), 275, 452, 495, 496.

Abbot of, 478.
Tawton, South (Devon), 556.
Tay, river (Scotland), 145, 147, 151.
Taylor, Hannah daughter of William,

529-
John and Denise, 496.
Tenebra, 395.

Tenters, or racks for cloth, 299.
Tessy sur Vire (Normandy), 11-13.
Tetton in Kingston, 224, 226, 260. See

also Dyke.
Tewrkesbury (Gloucester), 127.
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury,

385, 443.
Thermes, M. de, 154.
Thimelby family, 510.
Thomond, Earl of. See O'Brien.
Thompson, Dorothy daughter of

Roger, 476.
Thornhill, Sir James, painter, 373.
Thorp (Lancaster), 67.
Thorverton (Devon), 75. See also

Chilton Luttrell.
Threshers, 322, 323.
Thresshe, John, 361.
Tibetot, Ada, 38.
Robert, 36, 39, 69.
arms of, 548.
Timberscombe, 272, 434, 442, 553.
Tirwhit, Robert 86.
Titchfield (Hants), 47.
Tiverton (Devon), 188.
Tizard, Edward and Judith, 477.
Todbere (Dorset), 12.
Toge, M. de, 154.
Tolose, Benedict, 344.
Tolverne (Cornwall). Sec Arundel.
Tonbridge (Kent), 528.
Tony, Roger de, 556.
Toomer. See Carent.
Torre, Tor Mohun, Torquay (Devon),
I, 17, 19, 20, 27, 28, 36, 48, 270,

276, 434-
Torre, Simon and Lucy de la, 435.

Tort, Geoffrey le, 280.

Ralph le, 281-283.
Totnes (Devon), races at, 269.
Touker, Toker,Towker, John,i2i,305.

Robert, 298.

Thomas, of Dunster, 287, 298.

Thomas, of Old Cleeve, no, 116.
Townsend, Sarah, 417, 418.
Townshend, Charles, statesman, 243,

245, 248.
Townswood, in Dunster, 467.
Tracy, Henry de, 6, 7.
Trade, Board of, 295, 296.
Tranter, Robert, 526.
Treasure trove, 170, 297, 308.
Treasury, the, 530.
Treborough, quarries at, 357.
Treffry, John and Joan, 482.
Trefusis, Jane daughter of Thomas,

483-

Thomas and Mary, 483.

Sibella, sister of Thomas, 495.
Tregonwell, Mary daughter of John,
205.

arms, 368, 550.
Tregoz family, 2.
Trelawny, Anne relict of John, 483.

Dorothy daughter of Sir John, 494.

Sir John and Elizabeth, 484.
Tremayle, Thomas, judge, 403.
Trenchard, John son of Christine, 472.

arms, 502.
Trencreke, Honor daughter of John,

483.

estate, 494.
Trevanian, Joan daughter of Sir

William, 482.
Trevelyan, George and Margaret, 182.

George, 226.

Joan relict of Hugh, 520.

Sir John, 131, 290, 309.

John and Margaret, 177.

Sir John, 220, 222, 226, 237.

Margaret daughter of Sir John, 222.

Thomas, 170.

arms of, 551.
Trevenna (Cornwall). Sec Roscarrok.
Trewane (Cornwall). See Nicholls.
Trewynard, Matthew and Isabel, 482.
Trivet, Sir Thomas, judge, 70.
Trot, Trott, Catherine daughter of
Sir John, 417.

Hugh, 139.
Truro (Cornwall). See Singleton.
Tuchet, Sir John, 114.
Turf, 281, 282, 307, 340, 384.
Turin (Piedmont), 375.
Tynte, Sir Halswell, 205.
Tythrop House (Oxford), 368.

INDEX

595

Ugborough (Devon), 17, 36, 48, 477.
Upcot, Thomas, merchant, 400, 401,

405-
Upwey (Dorset), 472. See also Gould.

Vaga, Perino del, painter, 376.
Vanderbank, John, portraits by, 223,

224.
Van Dieman's Land, 528.
Van Somer, Paul, painter, 382.
Vases of tin, 102.
Vaus, Robert de, Vicar of Dunster

387-
Veel, Sir Peter de, 48.
Venables, John, 74.
Venn, in Heathfield, 202, 220, 374.
Vere, Sir Aubrey de, 49, 50.

Elizabeth de. Countess of Oxford,

135-

Elizabeth relict of Sir John de, 76.

Hugh de. Earl of Oxford, 26.

Robert de. Marquess of Dublin,
Duke of Ireland, 448, 449.
Vernon, Juliana de, 17, 556.
Vesey, John de, 36, 353.
Vexford, 124, 126, 133, 166, 202.
Victor Amadeus of Savoy, 375.
Vilers, a crossbowman, 18.
Villiers, Col. George, 219.
Virginia (America), 495.

W

Wadham, John, 450.

William, 109.
Wagland in Dunster, 410.
Wake, Lady Blanche, 41.
Wakefield, battle of, 122, 123.
Waldingfield (Suffolk), 77.
Walerand family, 296.
Wales, 80, 81, 180-182, 295, 543.
Wales, Princes of, 131, 186, 187, 274.
Waleys, Simon, 343.
Walker, Robert, 200.
Walkhampton Rectory (Devon), 34.
Walo, 443.
Walpole, Horace, 380.

Sir Robert, 523.
Walsingham (Norfolk), Prior and

Convent of, 138.
Walter the webber, 297.
Walters, Martha, 528.

— ,266.
Walton (Northampton), 32.

Warbeck, Perkin, 131.
Ward, Sir Roger la, 48.
Wardour. Sec Arundell.
Wardropere, Warderope, William,

115, 116.
Warkworth (Northumberland), 145.
Warminster, prebend of, 40.
Warnere, Waryner, William, 92, 93.
Warren, Mr. 246, 254.
Warwick, Earl of, 124.

Earl of, 240.
Watchet, 72, 73, 98, 124,277,294,354,

497. 500. See also Kentsford ;

Whevere.
Waterlete, the, in Carhampton 315,

317, 388, 415. 458-
Waterloo, battle of, 269.
Watevill, Sir Robert and Margaret,

446.
Watkyns, Ellen, 305.
Watts, Richard and Anne, 74.
Wayssford. See Touker.
Weare, 64, 537.
Webb, Col. 190.
Wedderburn, Dorothy daughter of

Sir William, 275.
Wedding apparel, 134, 135.
Welles, barony of, 163.
Welles, Catherine, 487.
Wellington, Duke of, 530.
Wellington, Sir Ralph and Eleanor,42.
Wellow, 74.

Wells, 139, 180, 355, 535.
prebends of, 40, 534.
the Palace, 380.
the George Inn, 222.
Wells, William of, 445.
Wembury (Devon). See Hele.
Wentworth, Lord, 190.
West, Richard, 319.
Westbury, Lord. See Bethell.
Weston, (Buckingham), 466.
Weston, Mary daughter of Cornelius,

474-
Thomas and Anne, 531.
Wey Bayhous (Dorset). See Upwey.
Weycroft. (Devon). See Brook.
Weymouth (Dorset), 475. See also

Dennis.
Wharton, Thomas, 464.
Whatcombe House (Dorset). Sec Pley-

dell.
Wheddon, Robert and Margaret, 511.
Whevere, William, iii.
Whichford (Warwick), 7-9,15, 18, 19,

36, 37, 40, 52.
Whitchurch (Hants), 472.
White, Humphrey and Dorothy, 165.

Mr. 226.
Whitelackington. See Speke.
Whiteway (Dorset). See Chaldecot.

596

INDEX

White wyke, 514.

Whittlesford (Cambridge). See Sy-

monds.
Whitwell (Devon), 69.
Whitworth, Sir Charles, 230, 232-240,

242, 246-253, 256.
Francis, 230, 231.
Whorts, 281, 345.
Wibwell in Heathfield, 124.
Wideslade, Richard of, 478.
Wight, Isle of, 206.
Willett. See Blommart,
Wilkyns, Adam, 400.
William the clerk, 384.

the fuller, 297.
William, Thomas son of, 67.
William called ' Lytelwille, ' 92.
Williams, a goldsmith, 533.
Williton, 74, 167, 202, 223, 270, 302

See also Fitzurse ; Myryman.
Wiltshire, Earl of, 123.
Wimborne (Dorset), 93.
Winchelsea (Sussex), 248.
Winchester (Hants), 7, 536.
Winchester, Bishop of, 11, 386. See

also Courtenay.
Winchilsea, Earl of, 205.
Windsor (Berks), 35, 124, 504.
Windsor, William and Agnes of, il.
Wine, 89, 93, 97, 99, 103, 112, 201-

203, 277, 324, 325, 440.
Wine-press, the, 324.
Winsford, 512

Winterbourne (Gloucester), 497.
Wither, Wyther, John and Agnes,

400-402.
Withycombe, 167, 202, 272, 321, 348,

436.
Wilaller in, 456.
See also Fitzurse ; Hadley ; Rod-

huish ; Sandhill.
Wittenham, Little (Berks), 553.
Wiveliscombe, 302, 519. See Capps.
' Wodewater, ' 298.
Wogan, John and Diana, 178.
Wolavington, 97, 117.
Wolridge, Christopher and Joan, 496.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 461.
Wolston manor (Devon), 105.
Wolverhampton (Staff.). See Bearsley.
Wolveton (Dorset), 472. See also

Trenchard.
Wood, Anthony, antiquary, 204.

Robert, 263.
Woodbridge, James, 265-267.
Woodhall (Suffolk), 124, 167.
Woodville, Mary, 124.
Wootton Courtenay, 167, 272. See

also Stone ; Thresshe.
Wootton Fitzpaine (Dorset), 382. See

also Drewe.

Worcester, battle of, 370.
Worcester, William of, 124.
Worral, Edward and Judith, 477,502.
Worth, Andrew, 292.

Richard, 177, 299.
Wosham, John, 47.
Wotton. See Wootton Courtenay.
Wraxall, 519. See also Gorges.
Wreck of sea, 12, 295, 296.
Wrotham, William of, 14.
Wydevill, Richard, Seneschal of Nor-
mandy, 95.
Wylkyns, John, 290.
Wyndham, Charles, Earl of Egre-
mont, 232, 235-237, 239-242.

Col. Francis, 182, 183, 188-194.

Hopton, 206.

Lady, 194.

Margaret daughter of Sir Thomas,
134) 135- >See also Luttrell.

Thomas, 146, 155, 157, 160, 161, 559.

Thomas, of Kentsford, 177.

Sir William 216, 223.

arms of, 513, 547.
Wynne, Owen and Dorothy, 522.
Wyschard, Roger, 287.

Yard, Dorothy daughter of Edward,
133, — , 220.

Yardly, Robert and Elizabeth, 475.

Yarmouth (Norfolk), 263.

Yarn. See Cloth.

Yarnscombe (Devon), 465. See also
Trevelyan.

Yarte, Thomas, 458.

Yates, Oswald Vavasour and Marga-
ret Jane, 538.

Yeatman, Edward Jordan and Caro-
line Lucy, 535.

Yeovil, 132.

Yevelchestre. See Ilchester.

Yllycombe. See Ellicombe.

York (York), the Grey Friars, 39.
Priory of Holy Trinity, 63.

York, Archbishop of, 506.

York, Edward, Duke of, 52, 57, 83,
84.
Edward, Duke of (Edward IV.),

122, 123.
Philippa, Duchess of, 51, 52, 57,
83, III, 501.

Yorke, Roger and Eleanor, 133.
Walter and Walthean, 133.

Young, Mary daughter of John, 417.

Zincke, C.F. enameller, 223.
Zouche, William la, 33.

?^

University of California

SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY

305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 • Box 951388

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388

Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed.

.//Sj

Series 9482

UCSOU'H^H■J Rlu!'j',HL UHHaKi [hl.ILII^

D 000 790 050 9

ill

s

asm

«*